scratch

英 [skrætʃ] 美 [skrætʃ]

• v. 抓；搔（痒）；划破；划掉
• n. 抓痕；乱写；抓的声音；起跑线
• adj. 无让步的

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 抓; 搔

   make lines on or in a surface with sth pointed or sharp e.g. fingernails, claws

2. vt. & vi. 刮伤

   get (oneself, a part of the body) clutched by accident

3. vt. & vi. 勾掉

   draw a line or lines through a word or words, a name, etc.

4. vt. 退出比赛

   withdraw (a horse, a candidate, oneself) from a competition; take out (the name of a horse, a candidate) from a list of entries for a race or competition

n. (名词)

1. [S] 抓; 搔痒

   an act of scratching (a part of the body)

2. [C] 抓痕,抓伤

   a mark or small wound made by scratching

3. [C] 刮擦声

   a sound made by scratching

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 挖出，扒出
2. 擦
3. 勾掉，勾消，勾划掉
4. 取消
5. 退出比赛
6. 刮，刮坏
7. 删去，删掉
8. 潦草地涂写，乱划，潦草地写
9. 未能践约
10. 艰难地谋生，勉强糊口
11. 抓（表面），搔（痒）
12. 刨，用爪刨洞
13. 抓伤，刺刺地抓，划破（皮肤），划伤，刮伤
14. 作刮擦声
15. 涂写
16. 乱画，乱划
17. 涂掉，划掉，刮掉
18. 划出，刻出
19. 凑（钱）
20. 未得分
21. 侥幸击中
22. 未击中

n. 名词

1. 刮擦声
2. 抓痕，划痕
3. 擦伤，抓伤
4. 起跑线
5. 抓
6. 乱涂，乱划
7. 【牌】零分
8. 弃权者
9. <美俚>钱
10. 搔，搔痒
11. 搔痕
12. 微伤
13. 【地】擦痕
14. 【建】刮痕
15. 搔声
16. 未中的一击

adj. 形容词

1. 打草稿用的
2. 潦草的
3. 东拼西凑的， 临时凑成的，凑合的，匆匆组成的
4. 庞杂的，各种各样的
5. 碰巧的，偶然的
6. 平等比赛的，无让分优待的
7. 无让步的
8. 随便写的
9. 碰巧打中的
10. 发痒的

英英释义

Noun:

1. an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off

2. a depression scratched or carved into a surface

3. informal terms for money

4. a competitor who has withdrawn from competition

5. a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game

6. dry mash for poultry

7. a harsh noise made by scraping;

   "the scrape of violin bows distracted her"
   

8. poor handwriting

9. (golf) a handicap of zero strokes;

   "a golfer who plays at scratch should be able to achieve par on a course"
   

10. an indication of damage

Verb:

1. cause friction;

   "my sweater scratches"
   

2. cut the surface of; wear away the surface of

3. scrape or rub as if to relieve itching;

   "Don't scratch your insect bites!"
   

4. postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled;

   "Call off the engagement"
   "cancel the dinner party"
   "we had to scrub our vacation plans"
   "scratch that meeting--the chair is ill"
   

5. remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line;

   "Please strike this remark from the record"
   "scratch that remark"
   

6. gather (money or other resources) together over time;

   "She had scraped together enough money for college"
   "they scratched a meager living"
   

7. carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface;

   "engrave a pen"
   "engraved the trophy cupt with the winner's"
   "the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. The dog is scratching at the door.
   狗正在抓门。
2. He pretended to scratch his ear.
   他假装搔耳朵。
3. I had to scratch my head to remember his name.
   我只想苦苦地回忆他的名字。
4. Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
   小心别刮坏家具。
5. He scratched out my name on that list.
   他把我的名字从那个名单上删除。
6. Will you scratch that sticker off the car window?
   请你把车窗上的那张贴纸撕下好吗?

用作名词 (n.)

1. There's a scratch on the side of my car.
   我的汽车侧面有一道划痕。
2. You can clean the scratch with alcohol.
   你可以用酒精把擦痕去掉。
3. He heard the scratch of a match.
   他听到划火柴的声音。
4. His career started from scratch.
   他的事业从头开始。
5. I decide to learn English from scratch.
   我决定从头学习英语。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The dog is always scratching.
   那条狗老是搔痒。
2. The pen scratches badly.
   这支钢笔钩纸钩得利害。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.
   他有一种奇怪的习惯,一讲话就搔耳朵。
2. Please leave off scratching your head.
   请不要搔头了。
3. Scratch yourself if you itch.
   如果你觉得痒,搔好了。
4. The cat scratched my hand.
   猫把我的手给搔了。
5. The cat has scratched a hole in the flowerbed.
   猫在花坛上扒了一个坑。
6. The brambles scratched my legs.
   荆棘刺伤了我的双腿。
7. The knife has scratched the table.
   小刀划坏了桌子。
8. I hope you are not going to scratch me.
   我希望你不会把我的名字从比赛中划去。
1
9. The horse was scratched.
   那匹马退出比赛了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.
   他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。
2. Her face was covered with scratches.
   她脸上有很多划痕。
3. I heard the scratches on the old records.
   我听到旧唱片的沙沙声。

经典引文

• Surely a few drops of blood from a scratch..are not to part father and son.

  出自： Sir W. Scott

• The young ensign passed through the four months of..fighting without a scratch.

  出自： J. S. Corbett

• She and her sister had scratched each other's faces.

  出自： R. K. Narayan

• Her thighs..were scratched with briars.

  出自： G. Greene

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

scratch about (v.+adv.)

扒,刨 strip off or dig in light movements
scratch about
The farmyard was quiet, with just a few chickens scratching about.

这农家庭院静悄悄的,只有几只鸡在四处扒食。

scratch away (v.+adv.)

抓; 刮 strip off or dig
scratch away
If you keep scratching away at that spot, you'll break the skin.

你要是不停地抓那个小包会抓破皮的。 scratch sth ⇔ away
Most of the paint has been scratched away by heavy wear.

由于磨损严重,大部分油漆已剥落。

scratch from (v.+prep.)

从…中除名 remove sb's name from sth
scratch sb from sth
We had to scratch two players from the team because of damaged knee joints.

有两名选手膝关节受伤,我们只好不让他们参加比赛了。
Jim should have an easy victory, as two of the best runners have been scratched from the race.

吉姆应该很容易地轻易取胜,因为两名优秀赛跑运动员已经从比赛中除名了。

scratch out (v.+adv.)

勉强维持 make or get with difficultyIt wasn't easy scratching out a living in those hard times.在那段艰难的日子里,糊口真不容易。

scratch up (v.+adv.)

掘起,挖出 dig sth outThat cat has scratched up all my young plants again!那只猫又把我种的那些幼苗给扒出来了!

用作名词 (n.)

from scratch

〈非正〉从头做起,从零开始starting from the beginning or with nothing

up to scratch

〈非正〉情况良好,达到标准in(to) good condition or at〔to〕 an acceptable standard

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• scratch one's ear 搔耳朵
• scratch one's head 搔头
• scratch a hole 扒坑
• scratch one's legs 刺伤双腿
• scratch the table 划坏桌子

～+副词

• scratch eagerly 热心地勾掉
• scratch inadvertently 非故意地刮伤
• scratch industriously 勤奋地抓
• scratch obviously 明显地刮伤
• scratch ruthlessly 无情地勾掉
• scratch sorely 使人伤心地退出比赛
• scratch unexpectedly 意外地刮伤
• scratch the plants away 把植物扒掉
• scratch out a name from a list 从名单上划去一个名字
• scratch together 拼凑
• scratch up a bone 扒出一根骨头

～+介词

• scratch at 抓
• scratch at the door 在门上乱抓
• scratch for oneself 竭力独自谋生
• scratch on 在…上刻画
• scratch hand on a nail 手被钉子划伤
• scratch name on the wall 在墙上刻下名字

用作名词 (n.)

形容词+～

• nasty scratch 难看的划痕
• slight scratch 轻微的擦伤

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用带光(而非带刃)的东西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮线或穿孔。动作的发出者多没有明确的目的,而动作的承受者多受到一定程度的损害。引申可表示“刮伤”“勾掉”“刻画”“艰难地谋生”“退出比赛”等。
2. scratch既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

scratch, grind, scrape

• 这组词的意思相近。其区别是：
• scrape指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮〔擦〕掉某物; grind表示通过磨〔擦〕使工具、武器变得锐利或光滑; scratch指用利器在物体的表面上划出一道线或沟。

词源解说

• ☆ 1474年进入英语，直接源自中世纪英语的scratten and crachen，意为抓。

近反义词

【近义词】

• scrape 刮掉
• mark 记号
• cut 切
• graze 放牧
• score 得分
• grate 栅
• rub 擦
• abrasion 擦伤
• itch 痒
• nick 刻痕
• scuff 磨损
• cancel 取消
• abrade 擦伤
• pull out 拔出
• scar 疤痕
• engrave 雕刻
• scribble 潦草地书写
• scrawl 乱涂
• writing 写作
• sketch 速写
• tick 滴答作响
• starting line 起跑线
• dinero <美俚>钱
• strike 罢工
• chafe 擦痛
• expunge 擦掉
• lolly <英俚> 棒棒糖...
• fray 恼火
• lettuce 莴苣
• scrape up 凑集
• scraping 擦去
• grave 坟墓
• wampum 贝壳念珠
• dough 生面团
• boodle <俚>贿赂金
• cabbage 卷心菜
• prick 刺
• simoleons <俚>美元
• kale [植]羽衣甘蓝...
• scratching 刮东西时发出的刺耳声...
• gelt 阉割(删去)
• come up 上升，升起
• start 开始
• shekels <俚>钱
• scrub 用力擦洗
• cacography 拼写错误
• excise 货物税
• scratch up 拼凑
• chicken feed (俚语)小钱
• dent 凹痕
• incision 切口
• sugar 糖，食糖
• moolah moola的异体字...
• inscribe 题写
• loot 掠夺品
• scratch line 起跑线
• bread 面包
• lucre 钱财(尤指不义之财)...
• call off 取消
• excoriation 剥皮
• fret (使)烦恼
• slit 裂缝
• clams 动词clam的第三人称单...
• pelf 钱财