exercise

英 ['eksəsaɪz] 美 ['eksərsaɪz]

• n. 运动；练习；作业
• vt. 运用
• vi. 锻炼

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C][U]运动,锻炼

   (a) use of any part of the body or mind so as to strengthen and improve it

2. [C]练习,习题

   a question or set of questions of

3. [U]使用,应用

   use or application

4. [P]演习,操练

   series of movements or operations for training troops, etc.

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 锻炼,训练,练习

   take exercise; go through exercises; train

2. vt. 运用,行使

   employ; make use of; carry out in action; perform

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 练习，习题
2. 操练，体操
3. 活动
4. （体力或智力上的）运动，锻炼，训练
5. 典礼，仪式
6. 运用，使用，行使
7. 实行，执行，履行
8. 传统做法
9. 【军】演习
10. 行动
11. 宗教仪式，礼拜

v. 动词

1. 锻炼（身体）
2. 练（兵），操练
3. 练习，实习，训练
4. 实现，实践，履行，贯彻，执行，实行，完成
5. 行使，运用
6. 施加或产生(影响、作用)，影响，发挥(威力)
7. 使忙碌，占去…的精力和注意力
8. 使担忧，使忧虑，使焦虑，使不安，使操心，使烦恼
9. 锻炼，运动

英英释义

Noun:

1. the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit;

   "the doctor recommended regular exercise"
   "he did some exercising"
   "the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit"
   

2. the act of using;

   "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"
   "skilled in the utilization of computers"
   

3. systematic training by multiple repetitions;

   "practice makes perfect"
   

4. a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding;

   "you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook"
   

5. (usually plural) a ceremony that involves processions and speeches;

   "academic exercises"
   

Verb:

1. put to use;

   "exert one's power or influence"
   

2. carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions;

   "practice law"
   

3. give a workout to;

   "Some parents exercise their infants"
   "My personal trainer works me hard"
   "work one's muscles"
   "this puzzle will exercise your mind"
   

4. do physical exercise;

   "She works out in the gym every day"
   

5. learn by repetition;

   "We drilled French verbs every day"
   "Pianists practice scales"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. Exercise is good for your heart and lungs.
   对您的心脏和肺,运动也是有益的。
2. I suggest you go on a diet and take more exercise.
   我建议你节食,多做运动。
3. Next I'd like you to do the exercises on page 10.
   下面我让你做第10页上的练习。
4. She does her piano exercises in the afternoon.
   她每天下午练习钢琴。
5. The pupil's exercise was full of erasures.
   这个学生的作业练习到处都是擦拭的痕迹。
6. Should I hand in my exercise book tomorrow?
   我是否该明天交作业？

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. You should learn how to exercise self-control.
   你要学会运用自制力。
2. You can exercise your right as a citizen.
   你能行使公民权利。
3. You should try to exercise patience.
   你应当努力运用忍耐力。

用作不及物动词 (vi.)

1. You should exercise more so as to keep energetic.
   你应当多锻炼以保持精力充沛。
2. He exercises in the morning every day.
   他每天早晨锻炼。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Moderate exercise will benefit you.
   适当的锻炼对你有好处。
2. A child's exercise and rest should balance each other.
   孩子的运动和休息应彼此均衡。
3. He advises that she take more exercise.
   他建议她多锻炼身体。
4. I've disciplined myself to do two hours of exercise every day.
   我坚持每天锻炼两个小时。
5. He believes in getting plenty of exercise.
   他相信充分的运动必有益处。
6. His back strengthened with exercise.
   经过锻炼,他变得腰背结实。
7. The underweight child has begun to fill out after regular exercises.
   这个偏瘦的孩子在进行了一段有规律的锻炼后开始长壮了。
8. We benefit from daily exercise.
   我们从每天做操中得到益处。
9. The prisoners are allowed out for half an hour's exercise each day.
   囚犯们每天可以在户外活动半小时。
10. You've fattened out during the winter, you should take some exercises to lose weight.
    经过一冬天,你又长胖了,该运动运动减减肥了。
11. Doing crosswords gives the mind some exercise.
    做纵横字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋。
12. Bring your running shoes along, and we'll get some exercise.
    把你的跑鞋带来,我们要进行训练。
13. Check your exercises against the key after finishing them.
    做完练习后对照正确答案检查一下。
14. We don't remember the teacher assigning these exercises.
    我们不记得老师布置过这些练习。
15. The teacher rubbed the exercises off.
    老师把练习擦掉了。
16. It will save the student from wasting his time in exercises.
    这可使学生不至于把时间浪费在做练习上。
17. Let's go through the exercises.
    咱们把这些练习做完。
18. The teacher set the class various exercises.
    老师叫学生们做各种练习。
19. Skill comes by exercise.
    熟能生巧。
20. Cage forgave her brother for tearing off a page from her exercise book.
    凯奇的弟弟从她练习本上撕了一页,她原谅了他。
21. The exercise of patience is essential in diplomatic negotiations.
    在外交谈判中,重要的是要有耐性。
22. His stories showed considerable exercise of the imagination.
    他的故事颇具创意。
23. Voting is the exercise of a civil right.
    选举是行使公民权利。
24. The soldiers were sent to the north for two weeks on an exercise.
    士兵们被派往北方进行为期3周的演习。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. He exercised and his health gradually improved.
   他进行锻炼,身体慢慢好了起来。
2. You don't exercise enough.
   你运动不够。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. We should constantly exercise our muscles.
   我们应当经常锻炼肌肉。
2. He tried to exercise his stiff leg.
   他努力锻炼他那条僵直的腿。
3. We should exercise our strength.
   我们应该锻炼体力。
4. The mayor exercises the duties and powers of his office.
   市长履行其职责,行使其职权。
5. The problem is exercising our mind.
   这个问题使我们伤脑筋。
6. This problem exercised the best brains in the tourist industry.
   这个问题使旅游业最好的谋划组织者大伤脑筋。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. He exercised his ingenuity to devise a time-saving method.
   他开动脑筋去想一个节省时间的办法。

经典引文

• Reconstructed historically, often not without the exercise of considerable historical skill.

  出自： R. G. Collingwood

• The exercise of the right of self-determination cannot be denied.

  出自：New York Times

• He exercised great ingenuity in disguising old sets so that they looked new.

  出自： W. S. Maugham

• Kerensky's final defeat exercised a highly divisive effect on Western opinion.

  出自： G. F. Kennan

• Garrick and Kean exercise a spell on us.

  出自： R. Lynd

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

be exercised about

为…担忧 worry about

exercise oneself in( v.+pron.+prep.)

训练〔练习〕… make oneself practise regularly
exercise oneself in sth/v-ing
He exercises himself in fencing every day.

他每天练习剑术。
He exercises himself in boxing once a week.

他每星期练习一次拳击。
She exercises herself in drawing every day.

她每天练习画画。
All student teachers should be exercised in the new methods of reading instruction.

所有实习教师都应该练习使用新阅读讲授法。
If the horses are exercised in jumping the fences every day, they will give no trouble in the actual race.

如果每天让马练习跳横栏,这样这些横栏在实际赛马中就不会形成什么障碍了。

exercise over( v.+prep. )

控制 control
exercise sth over sb/sth
Can't you exercise your influence over the boy to get him to behave better?

难道你不能对这个孩子严加管教,让他规矩点吗?
Many people think that the government exercises too much power over people's ordinary activities.

很多人认为政府对人们的日常生活限制太多。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• carry out an exercise 进行练习
• come by exercise 来自练习
• do exercises 做练习
• engage in exercise 从事体育训练,进行操练
• get exercise 进行运动
• go in for exercise 参加体育运动
• have an exercise 做练习
• need more exercise 需要多锻炼
• neglect one's exercise(s) 忽视练习
• perform an exercise 表演操
• practise vocal exercises 练声
• repeat an exercise 反复练习
• work at one's exercises 做练习

形容词+～

• bodily exercise 身体训练
• daily exercise 日常练习,日常锻炼
• free exercise 自由体操
• fruitful exercise 有功效的练习
• gymnastic exercises 体操
• hard exercise 刻苦练习
• mental exercise 智力训练
• military exercises 军事演习
• open-air exercises 户外运动
• painful exercise 苦练,艰苦的训练
• physical exercise 体育锻炼,体操
• pointless exercise 无针对性的练习,无意义的练习
• profitable exercise 有益的练习
• regular exercise 经常操练
• setting-up exercise 热身操
• vocal exercise 声乐练习
• closing exercises 结业式,闭幕式
• graduating exercises 毕业典礼
• opening exercises 开幕仪式

名词+～

• broadcast exercises 广播操
• field exercise 野外练习
• flexibility exercise 柔软操
• floor exercise 自由体操
• morning exercises 晨操
• relaxation exercise 放松操
• setting-up exercises 健身操
• spelling exercise 拼写练习
• commencement exercises 学位授予典礼
• graduation exercises 毕业典礼

介词+～

• by exercise 靠练习
• by the exercise of industry 依靠勤奋
• in the exercise of one's duties 在执行任务时
• a form of exercise 某种运动方式

～+介词

• exercise in 在…方面的练习
• exercise in grammar 语法练习
• exercise in spelling 拼写练习
• exercise of local initiative 地方积极性的发挥
• exercise of the memory 记忆力的训练
• exercise on the piano 钢琴练习

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• exercise authority 行使职权
• exercise brain 动脑筋
• exercise duty 履行责任
• exercise influence 施加影响
• exercise initiative 发挥主动性
• exercise intelligence 运用智慧
• exercise judicial power 行使司法权
• exercise mutual supervision 实行相互监督
• exercise one's muscles 锻炼肌肉
• exercise one's power 行使权力
• exercise one's special talents 发挥专长
• exercise pressure 施加压力
• exercise recruits 训练新兵

～+副词

• exercise constantly 经常锻炼
• exercise enough 运动量够
• exercise greatly 极为忧伤
• exercise hard 刻苦锻炼
• exercise more 多运动
• exercise strenuously 刻苦锻炼
• exercise unremittingly 坚持不懈地锻炼
• exercise vigorously 刻苦锻炼

～+介词

• be exerciseed about 为…而担忧
• exercise in 练习…
• exercise in skating 练习滑冰

词语用法

1. exercise作名词统指“运动”时，前面加冠词特指“某项运动”。

   We take exercise every morning.
   Walking is a good exercise.

2. exercise作名词指“习题”时，后面跟in和科目名称，或on/in和科目的部分的名称，如an exercise in English grammar（英语语法习题），an exercise on/in the construction of conditional sentences（条件句结构的习题）；
3. graduation/graduating exercises指“毕业典礼”，是美式英语，相当于英式英语中的ceremony；
4. take exercise和exercise作不及物动词指“运动”或“体操”，而不是普通的练习。

n. (名词)

1. exercise用作名词的基本意思是“运动,锻炼”。指适用于正常人的一般性的以健身为目的的“体质锻炼”,也可指脑力方面的锻炼,还可指适用于运动员的“专业训练”。
2. exercise作“练习,习题”解有时可用作定语; 作“使用,应用”解时,其结果常常是有效的; 作“演习,操练”解时常用复数。

v. (动词)

1. exercise的基本含义是反复地进行某一动作或一系列动作,以发展和加强某种能力,尤指为了身体健康或精力充沛而进行的活动。引申可表示“运用”“行使”或“实行”“执行”等。
2. exercise可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。
3. exercise作“练习”解时,其后常接“反身代词+in+ n./v -ing”,其主语既是动作的执行者,又是动作的承受者。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

exercise, practice

• 这两个词都有“练习”“训练”“锻炼”的意思。其区别是：
• exercise多指通过体力上的锻炼而获得力量或活力,也指学校作业练习; practice常指为了求得完善或达到熟练而有规则地、反复地做某事。例如:
• If you don't take more exercise, you will get fat.如果不多锻炼身体,你就会发胖。
• He is doing exercises in English.他在做英语练习。

v. (动词)

exercise, drill, practise, train

• 这组词都有“练习,操练”的意思。其区别是：
• drill指有组织、有指导地反复进行练习、操练,使形成条件反射或习惯。exercise指为发展智力或锻炼身体而进行的练习,例如:
• We should constantly exercise our muscles.我们应该经常锻炼肌肉。
• practise指为了达到熟练或完善的程度而反复进行的练习(尤指在艺术、手艺或技巧方面的实践与练习),例如:
• You should practise playing the piano regularly.你应该按时练习弹钢琴。
• train指针对某种目标而进行的训练,例如:
• Their early training programmes them to be obedient and submissive.他们早先受过的教育把他们训练得俯首帖耳、唯命是从。

drill，exercise，practice，training，discipline

• 这些名词都有“练习、训练、锻炼”之意。
• drill侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。
• exercise主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。
• practice指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。
• training普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。
• discipline既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行约束。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 我想练习扔手榴弹。

   误 I want to exercise throwing hand-grenades.

   正 I want to exercise myself in throwing hand-grenades.

   析 exercise作“练习”解时,其宾语应为人(多为反身代词),而练习内容应由介词in引出。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪中期进入英语，直接源自古法语的exercice；最初源自拉丁语的exercitium：ex (离开） + arcere (分离，防止），意为取消限制。

近反义词

【近义词】

• training
• practice
• application
• employment
• exertion
• operation
• use
• drill
• drill
• practise
• train