drill

英 [drɪl] 美 [drɪl]

• n. 钻孔机；钻子；反复操练；播种机
• v. 练习；钻孔；(军事)训练

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C]钻头,钻床

   a tool or machine for making holes

2. [U]操练,训练

   training and instruction in a subject of for a purpose, especially by means of repeating and following exact order

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 钻(孔); 钻除

   make a hole or remove sth with a drill

2. vt. & vi. 操练

   train and exercise soldiers, students, etc. under instruction

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 钻床，钻机
2. 【军】操练 ，训练
3. 条播机
4. 钻，钻头
5. 演习
6. 条播沟，沟畦
7. 条播种子，条播作物
8. <英口>规定的步骤
9. 【动】鬼狒
10. 【纺】斜纹棉布，厚斜纹布
11. 盘练

v. 动词

1. （军事）训练，操练，练习，培训
2. 通过练习传授
3. 钻穿，钻通
4. 钻（孔），穿孔
5. 教练
6. 使牢记
7. 做体操
8. 条播（作为），在（土地）上条播，条播种子
9. 条植
10. 在...上（用钢钻）钻孔，打（眼）
11. 钻除，钻出
12. <美俚>用子弹打穿，枪杀
13. 作…演习
14. 反复训练某人
15. 向某人反复灌输

英英释义

Noun:

1. a tool with a sharp point and cutting edges for making holes in hard materials (usually rotating rapidly or by repeated blows)

2. similar to the mandrill but smaller and less brightly colored

3. systematic training by multiple repetitions;

   "practice makes perfect"
   

4. (military) the training of soldiers to march (as in ceremonial parades) or to perform the manual of arms

Verb:

1. make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool;

   "don't drill here, there's a gas pipe"
   "drill a hole into the wall"
   "drill for oil"
   "carpenter bees are boring holes into the wall"
   

2. train in the military, e.g., in the use of weapons

3. learn by repetition;

   "We drilled French verbs every day"
   "Pianists practice scales"
   

4. teach by repetition

5. undergo military training or do military exercises

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The dentist's drill made a lot of noise.
   牙钻发出很大的噪音。
2. Jack used a drill to bore a hole in the wall above the fireplace.
   杰克用钻子在壁炉上方的墙上钻孔。
3. Today's art lesson came to an abrupt end when the gongs sounded for a fire drill.
   今天的美术课因火灾演习的铃声大作而突然结束。
4. You'd better set a goal before you start the drill.
   练习开始前，你最好设定一个目标。
5. There'll be a fire-drill this morning.
   今天上午有消防演习。
6. You should finish your English grammar drills in the class.
   你应该在课堂上完成语法练习。
7. A plow equipped with a double moldboard that turns up the soil on each side of the furrow,often having an attached drill for seed planting.
   双壁开沟犁，犁头后部有两块曲面铁板的犁，可翻开犁沟两边的泥土，常附有播种机。

用作动词 (v.)

1. Listen to the first paragraph, then let them drill in teams.
   听第一段,然后分组练习。
2. Let's drill them in English pronunciation.
   我们来给他们做英语发音训练。
3. The workman is drilling in the wall.
   工人正在墙上打孔。
4. We had to drill down 200 feet to find water.
   我们只好往地下钻两百英尺找水。
5. The soldiers drill every morning.
   士兵每天早上操练。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. He used a drill to bore a hole in the door.
   他用钻在门上钻孔。
2. The next year saw them make a new record by boring a well with one drill in a single day.
   第二年,他们创造了一台钻机一天打一口井的新纪录。
3. I need a drill to make a hole for the rod.
   我需用钻在杆上钻个孔。
4. An enormous drill was being used to look for oil in the seabed.
   一个巨大的钢钻正在用来寻找海底石油。
5. The drill ship for marine geological prospecting has successfully drilled a well for deep water oil prospecting in the Yellow Sea.
   这艘海洋地质钻探船已成功地在黄海打了一口深水石油勘探井。
6. To do drills is important in language learning.
   做练习对语言学习来说很重要。
7. The teacher told us to put aside our books and get ready for the weekly drill.
   老师叫我们放下书本,做好准备进行每周的练习。
8. When the fire drill starts, students will evacuate the building.
   当消防演习开始时,学生们将从大楼里撤出。
9. A fire drill interrupted the lesson.
   一场火警演习中断了上课。
10. This is a good drill for learning how to use English verbs.
    这是一个学习英语动词的好练习。
11. She paired the pupils in question and answer drills.
    她把小学生组成一对来做问答练习。
12. What is the drill for claiming expenses?
    领取费用有哪些具体的手续?
13. What is the drill for filling out this form?
    应该怎样正确地填写这张表?
14. He was told to give his name, age and address—that was the drill.
    他要求说出姓名、年龄和地址——那是常规。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The worker was drilling.
   那工人在用钻孔机钻孔。
2. Don't drill, please.
   请别用钻孔机钻孔。
3. The workmen are drilling in the road.
   工人们在路面上钻孔。
4. A bullet drilled through his stomach.
   一颗子弹打穿了他的腹部。
5. They intend to drill for oil.
   他们打算钻探石油。
6. A group of students were drilling in the early morning.
   一群学生在清早进行操练。
7. After a break they went on drilling.
   休息一会儿后,他们又继续操练。
8. I could hear birds whistling at the edge of the woods and the Prussians drilling in the meadow behind the sawmill.
   我可以听到鸟儿在树林边的叫声和普鲁士士兵在踞木厂后边草地上操练的声音。
9. The sportsmen are all out drilling for the National Games.
   运动员们都努力训练,准备参加全国运动会。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The bullet drilled him right between the eyes.
   子弹正好穿过他的眉心。
2. The dentist drilled my tooth.
   牙医在我的牙齿上钻孔。
3. They drilled rocks for inserting dynamite.
   他们在岩石上钻孔,以便填装炸药。
4. The dentist is drilling my tooth for a filling.
   牙科医生给我的牙齿钻孔以便填补。
5. The dentist drilled the bad bits out of her tooth.
   牙医把她牙齿上蛀坏的部分钻掉。
6. The workmen have been drilling the road all day.
   工人们整天在路上钻孔。
7. In less than a year they drilled a high-production oil well.
   在不到一年的时间里,他们钻出了一口高产油井。
8. The sergeant is drilling the recruits on the square.
   军士在广场上训练新兵。
1
9. In the steel plate five holes were drilled an inch apart.
   在这块钢板上钻了五个相距一英寸的孔。

经典引文

• Loading drill on the five-inch gun.

  出自： T. Heggen

• The days were taken up with a succession of drills and parades and inspections.

  出自： S. Hill

• Just ordinary drills of cabbages.

  出自： C. S. Lewis

• Farmers' wives in white drill overalls.

  出自： W. Holtby

• Purposely drilling out the time, hoping to encline the Senate to favour his designe.

  出自： J. Ussher

• Rabbit-holes drill the bank everywhere.

  出自： R. Jefferies

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

drill down (v.+adv.)

在地面上打洞 make a deep hole in the ground
drill down
We had to drill down 200 feet to find water.

我们得钻200英尺深才能找到水。

drill in¹ (v.+adv.)

反复教授,灌输 teach (sth) with force and repetition
drill sth ⇔ in
The speaker tried to drill in his point but the crowd was not interested.

发言人力图把他的观点灌输给听众,然而听众却不感兴趣。

drill in² (v.+prep.)

指导反复练习 instruct and exercise (students) by the repeating of words, actions, etc.
drill sb in sth
The teacher drilled the class in pronunciation of Latin words.

教师教这个班的学生练习拉丁字母的发音。
The teacher drilled his students in sentence patterns.

教师对学生进行句型训练。
The mother drilled her daughter in all that she should do at the wedding ceremony.

母亲对女儿在婚礼上该做些什么一一进行训练。
She has been drilled in the art of courtesy.

她学过礼仪。
A girl should be drilled in all that she should do.

应教会女孩子所有她应该做的事情。
They are thoroughly drilled in English grammar.

他们在英语语法方面受到严格训练。

drill into (v.+prep.)

反复地将…教授〔灌输〕给(某人) teach (sth) by force and repetition to (sb)
drill into sth
The violent daylight drills into the room.

强烈的日光射进房间里来了。
He sensed that the eyes of the men were drilling into the back of his neck.

他感到人们的目光狠狠地盯着他的脖子后面。 drill sth into sb
Can't you drill some manners into the boy?

难道你不能教这孩子懂点礼貌吗?
I simply don't believe that spoken skills can be drilled into learners in a language laboratory.

我简直不相信在语言实验室里能够把说话的技能传授给学生。 drill into sb that/wh-clause
She drilled into the children that they must say “thank you” to their hostess.

她反复叮嘱孩子们要记住对女主人说声“谢谢”。
Parents often try to drill into their children how much they owe them.

当父母的常常冲着孩子唠叨说,他们对儿女恩重如山。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• carry out drill 进行训练
• have drill 操练
• operate drill 操作钻机
• perform drill 进行训练
• receive a drill 接受训练
• use a drill 用钻孔机

形容词+～

• daily drill 每天训练
• electric drill 电钻
• pneumatic drill 风钻

名词+～

• air-raid drill 防空演习
• class drill 课堂操练
• close-order drill 紧密队形操练
• fire drill 消防演习
• lifeboat drill 救生艇训练
• bench drill 台钻
• dentist's drill 牙钻
• diamond drill 金刚石钻头
• hand drill 手钻
• power drill 电钻
• road drill 修路的钻机

～+后置定语

• drill to bore a hole 钻孔的钻孔机

介词+～

• at drill 在操练
• with a drill 用钻子

～+介词

• drill in grammar 语法练习
• drill in〔on〕 pronunciation 发音练习

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• drill English pronunciation 训练英语发音
• drill soldiers 训练士兵
• drill students 对学生进行训练
• drill troops 训练军队
• drill hole 钻孔
• drill rocks 钻岩石
• drill teeth 钻牙
• drill well 钻井

～+副词

• drill regularly 正常地操练
• drill thoroughly 全面地训练
• drill vigorously 强度很大地训练

～+介词

• drill for 钻探…
• drill for oil 钻探石油
• drill in 在…方面操练
• drill sb in spelling 对某人进行拼写训练
• drill into 反复向…灌输
• drill discipline into 向…反复讲解纪律
• drill through the chest 穿过胸膛

词语用法

n. (名词)

1. drill用作名词的基本意思是“钻头,钻床”,指的是一种用来钻孔的工具或机器,是可数名词。
2. drill还可作“操练,训练”解,在表示具体的“操练”时,用作可数名词。反复多次的“操练”可用复数形式; 在表示抽象意义的“操练”时,多用作不可数名词。
3. drill引申还可作“规定程序; 正确方法; 常规”解,主要用于英式英语中。

v. (动词)

1. drill可作“钻孔”解,指用装有尖锐旋转工具的器械在坚硬的物质上钻孔,此时既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词。
2. drill常用的意思是“操练,训练”,指严格地、反复地、系统地训练、操练等,有时特指军事操练,即“训练士兵的一系列动作”或“按照拟订模式重复练习某一学习内容”,强调养成某种身体上的或思想上的习惯,就像用钻钻得很深一样。
3. drill作“操作”“训练”解时可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,可接名词或代词作宾语,其宾语用来表示训练的对象,而训练的内容有时用介词in引出。
4. drill常用于被动结构。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

drill in, drill into

• 这两个短语的区别在于:
• 1.作“在…钻”解时,只能用drill into,不能用drill in。
• 2.作“反复灌输”解时,两者句型不同, drill in须用drill sb in sth; 而drill into须用drill sth into sb,即drill in的宾语是“灌输”的内容,而drill into的宾语是“灌输”的对象。另外,作此解时drill in中的drill可用作不及物动词,而drill into中的drill只能用作及物动词。

drill, exercise, practise, train

• 这组词都有“练习,操练”的意思。其区别是：
• drill指有组织、有指导地反复进行练习、操练,使形成条件反射或习惯。exercise指为发展智力或锻炼身体而进行的练习,例如:
• We should constantly exercise our muscles.我们应该经常锻炼肌肉。
• practise指为了达到熟练或完善的程度而反复进行的练习(尤指在艺术、手艺或技巧方面的实践与练习),例如:
• You should practise playing the piano regularly.你应该按时练习弹钢琴。
• train指针对某种目标而进行的训练,例如:
• Their early training programmes them to be obedient and submissive.他们早先受过的教育把他们训练得俯首帖耳、唯命是从。

drill，exercise，practice，training，discipline

• 这些名词都有“练习、训练、锻炼”之意。
• drill侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。
• exercise主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。
• practice指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。
• training普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。
• discipline既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行约束。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自中古荷兰语的drillen，意为钻孔。

近反义词

【近义词】

• practice 练习
• discipline 纪律
• train 列车
• instruct 教
• exercise 运动
• bore 使厌烦
• training 训练
• pierce 刺穿
• puncture 刺穿
• penetrate 渗透
• coach 教练
• school 学校
• instruction 指令
• preparation 准备
• teach 教
• tool 工具
• prepare 预备
• condition 条件
• recitation 背诵
• practise 练习
• practice session 实习期