teach

英 [tiːtʃ] 美 [tiːtʃ]

• vt. 教；教导；教授；教训
• vi. 给予指导

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 教

   help to learn; show how to do

2. vi. 教书

   give lessons in a subject

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 教师

v. 动词

1. 教（书）、（被）讲授，教学，教授
2. 使某人学会做某事
3. 教育、教导（某人）
4. 可以讲授，可以教，可以讲解
5. 教起来（如何如何）
6. 告诫…不要
7. 使领悟，使懂得（道理），使明白
8. <口>教训，惩戒
9. 当老师
10. 在能人面前逞强
11. 训练
12. 使引以为戒
13. 使习惯于
14. 上课，讲课

英英释义

Noun:

1. an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

Verb:

1. impart skills or knowledge to;

   "I taught them French"
   "He instructed me in building a boat"
   

2. accustom gradually to some action or attitude;

   "The child is taught to obey her parents"
   

例句

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. I taught her to ride a bicycle.
   我教她骑自行车。
2. His parents employed a tutor to teach him Greek.
   他父母雇佣了一位家庭教师来教他希腊语。
3. Parents should teach their children table manners.
   双亲应该教导他们的小孩餐桌礼仪。
4. I've been invited to teach Chinese at the University of New York for one year.
   我应聘去纽约大学讲授一年汉语。
5. I'll teach you to call me a liar!
   你说我说谎，我就要教训你！
6. My purpose is to teach them a lesson.
   我的目的是给他们一个教训。

用作不及物动词 (vi.)

1. I am going to teach until my son can earn money.
   我教书要教到我儿子能够赚钱。
2. It is one thing to learn, and another to teach.
   学是一回事，教是另一回事。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. She's decided to teach.
   她决定教书。
2. Where does he teach?
   他在哪里教书?
3. I have a book that teaches easily.
   我有一本好教的书。
4. This course teaches easily.
   这门课容易教。
5. Both of her parents teach at a middle school.
   她的父母都在一个中学任教。
6. My husband teaches at a local school.
   我丈夫在本地一所学校教书。
7. He teaches for a living.
   他靠教书过活。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Who teaches these children?
   谁教这些孩子?
2. He teaches foreigners.
   他给外国人上课。
3. Nobody taught me,I learnt it by myself.
   没有人教过我,我自己学会的。
4. What are you teaching this term?
   你这学期教什么课?
5. He has been teaching mathematics for more than twenty years.
   他一直教了20多年数学。
6. He teaches both physics and chemistry.
   他兼教物理和化学。
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7. The boy must be taught.
   这男孩必须有人教导。
8. I was taught by Mr. Green.
   我由格林先生教课。
9. English is taught in the school.
   这所学校开设英语课程。
10. He was well taught in many things.
    他在许多事物上受过良好教育。
11. He was taught by this incident.
    他因这次意外事故而得到了教训。

S+～+ v -ing

1. Some schools also teach swimming and skating.
   有些学校还教游泳和滑冰。

S+～+that-clause

1. The Bible teaches that we should all love each other.《
   圣经》教导我们大家要互爱。
2. He taught that wars can be just or unjust.
   他教导说：战争有正义和非正义之分。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. This will teach you to speak the truth.
   这就是撒谎的教训。
2. That'll teach you to go out without an umbrella.
   那是对你出门不带雨伞的教训。
3. I wish someone would teach him not to drive as he did.
   我希望有人给他点苦头吃,使他不至于像以前那样鲁莽地开车。
4. I will teach you to spoil our good name.
   要是你破坏我们的好名声,我就要不客气了。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. Mr. Smith teaches us French.
   史密斯先生教我们法语。
2. I taught myself German.
   我自学德语。
3. Please teach us the words of the song.
   请教给我们歌词。
4. The experience taught him a good lesson.
   这次经历给了他一个有益的教训。
5. The burns Tom got from playing with matches taught him a lesson.
   汤姆因玩火柴而烧伤使他得了一个教训。
6. That would teach them a little courtesy.
   那会叫他们懂得,应该有点礼貌才对。
7. Our experience teaches us our limitations.
   我们的经验使我们懂得,我们的能力是有限的。
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8. He was taught a lesson for it.
   他因此而得到教训。

S+～+ n./pron. +to pron./n.

1. He teaches chemistry to the students.
   他给学生们讲授化学。
2. Will you teach English to me?
   你将教我英语吗?
3. She is teaching the piano to several of the village children.
   她教几个乡村儿童弹钢琴。
4. I found a job teaching English to a group of adults in Paris.
   我在巴黎找到了一份教成年人英语的工作。

S+～+ n./pron. +wh-to- v

1. He taught the boy how to build a small boat.
   他教这男孩如何制作小船。
2. The worker taught them how to build a canoe.
   那位工人教他们如何造独木舟。
3. She taught us how to knit.
   她教我们怎样编织。
4. I taught him how to do the job.
   我曾教他如何做这项工作。
5. The older children are teaching the young ones how to read.
   大孩子们教小孩子们认字。
6. All this taught us how to deal with the enemy.
   所有这些都教育了我们应如何对付敌人。
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7. They must be taught how to use their speech organs.
   必须教他们如何使用发音器官。

S+～+ pron./n. +that-clause

1. Experience has taught her that it is dangerous to do it.
   经验使她认识到这样做是危险的。
2. Mother often teaches me that I must not show my feelings.
   妈妈时常教导我不应当表露我的感情。
3. Facts taught us that genuine knowledge comes from practice.
   事实告诉我们：实践出真知。
4. It has taught us that unity means strength.
   这件事使我们认识到团结就是力量。
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5. I was taught that two sides of a triangle were greater than the third.
   我学会了三角形的两边之和大于第三边。

S+～+ pron./n. +wh-clause

1. He taught them where they could gather the medicinal herbs.
   他教他们在什么地方能采到这种草药。
2. Tom taught us where we could find the best mushrooms.
   汤姆教给我们在哪里可以找到最好的蘑菇。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. The teacher is teaching his students to read.
   老师在教学生阅读。
2. Tom had taught me to drive.
   汤姆已经教我驾驶。
3. The girl taught me to sing the song.
   那女孩教我唱这支歌。
4. He teaches us to serve the people heart and soul.
   他教导我们全心全意为人民服务。
5. Who taught you to ride a bicycle?
   谁教你骑自行车?
6. He will teach his boy to swim.
   他要教儿子游泳。
7. He has taught his dog to perform some clever tricks.
   他已经训练他的狗玩几套灵巧的把戏。
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8. Soldiers are taught to obey orders.
   士兵们被训练学会服从命令。

S+～+ pron./n. + v -ing

1. He taught me playing table tennis.
   他教我打乒乓球。

经典引文

• Go on teaching Heart of Darkness with Achebe's essay as accompaniment.

  出自：Times Literary Supplement

• The British Council is concentrating..on retraining redundant teachers of Russian to teach English.

  出自：New Scientist

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• teach a person 教某人
• teach a subject 教一门课
• teach boys 教孩子们
• teach English 教英语
• teach German 教德语
• teach history 教历史
• teach mathematics 教数学
• teach prepositions 教介词
• teach sb a lesson 给某人一个教训
• teach student 教学生
• teach the pupils 教小学生

～+副词

• teach competently 胜任教学工作
• teach conscientiously 教学认真
• teach dispassionately 冷静地教学
• teach easily 容易教
• teach effectually 教学有效果
• teach exclusively 限制严格地教学
• teach explicitly 讲授清楚
• teach extensively 泛讲
• teach laboriously 辛苦地教学
• teach poorly 教学质量差
• teach professionally 职业教育
• teach scrupulously 教学一丝不苟
• teach strictly 严格教学
• teach systematically 系统讲授
• teach wrongly 教错
• teach zealously 教学热情

～+介词

• teach at a primary school 在小学教书
• teach by example 以示范方式教
• teach children by example 用榜样教育儿童
• teach by correspondence 函授
• teach for a living 以教书为生
• teach through composition 通过写作讲授
• teach English to one's pupils 教学生英语
• teach composition with much success 作文课上得很成功

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. teach的基本意思是以训练或授课的方式“传授知识或技能”。可引申指“教书,教人,教学,授课”“使某人学会做某事”“以某事或某经验教训或教育某人”“教训〔告诫〕某人别做某事”“使…学习”“做…的教师”等。
2. teach既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语,也可接双宾语,其直接宾语可由名词、带疑问词的动词不定式或that/wh-从句充当; 其间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。teach还可接由动词不定式或动名词充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. teach后可接“sb+to- v ”结构。作“教(导)某人做…”解时,动词不定式是宾语补足语; 作“因做某事而教训某人”解时,动词不定式是原因状语,这时常与will连用。
4. teach有时可用主动形式表达被动意义,常作“(课程等)被讲解”“被教起来”解。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

teach, teach school

• teach用作不及物动词时,意思是“教书”,美式英语则常把teach用作及物动词,以school作宾语来表示“教书”的意思。试比较下面两个句子：
• Miss Yang is teaching at a school in Bei- jing.(BrE)
• Miss Yang is teaching school in Beijing.
• (AmE)
• 杨小姐在北京的一所学校里教书。

teach, coach, educate, instruct, school, train, tutor

• 这组词的共同意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别：
• 1.teach的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而instruct, educate, train和school则各有其侧重点。instruct强调的是“系统性”; educate强调的是“总体性”; train强调的是“方向性”,而school强调的则是“严格性”。现分述如下：
• ①instruct与teach的区别在于其“系统性”,即“系统教授”,内容上是系统的知识,方法上是连续地、正式地。例如:
• Dr. Williams instructs classes in algebra.威廉博士教代数课。
• ②educate比teach更为正式,强调的是教育的总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如：世界观、性格、品质等。例如:
• The poor boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.这可怜的孩子只有在工作完以后的晚上自学。
• Some schools teach, but fail to educate their students.有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。
• We are educated under the Party.我们受党的教育。
• ③train指的“教育”带有明显的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上, train指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与instruct有些接近。例如:
• They were trained as animal doctors in this school.他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。
• He is specially trained for this kind of work.为了胜任这种工作,他曾受过特殊训练。
• The old farmer trained his horse to do farm work for him.老农夫训练他的马为他干农活。
• Mother tried to train the vines over the porch.母亲想引导葡萄藤爬到门廊上面。
• ④school强调教育和训练的严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如:
• She was schooled in foreign languages.她在外语方面受到过严格训练。
• His father was schooled in Harvard.他的父亲是在哈佛大学受教育的。
• The parents schooled their children in politeness.家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。
• He was schooled by life itself.生活本身锻炼了他。
• 2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同, teach接sb sth; 而instruct接sb in sth。试比较下面两个句子：
• Mr. Smith taught us English.
• Mr. Smith instructed us in English.
• 史密斯先生教我们英语。
• 另外,两词接to- v 时意思也不同：teach sb to- v 的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instruct sb to- v 的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如:
• He taught us to run the machine.他教我们开机器。
• We are instructed when to start.已有人通知我们何时出发。
• 3.tutor和coach的含义与上述五个词不同,强调的是“个别性”,向一位专门教师学习,或在某小组中学习,即进行个别辅导。其区别是：
• coach只指补习或辅导,不指教新课,而tutor既可指复习功课,也可指讲授新课。例如:
• I'll coach some of the students this evening.今晚我要辅导几个学生。
• He is coaching a basketball team.他正在指导一个篮球队。
• The teacher tutors him to play the piano.这位教师教他弹钢琴。
• I offered to tutor him in English.我建议替他补习英文。

下面两组句子中的意思相同：

• He taught me to dance.
• He taught me how to dance.
• He taught me dancing.
• 他教我跳舞。
• He is teaching at a school.
• He is teaching in a school.
• 他在学校教书。

下面两个句子的意思不同：

• My brother taught us not to lie.
• 我哥哥教导我们不要说谎。
• When I catch that boy,I'll teach him to tell lies to me.
• 要是我抓到那个小孩,我要好好治治 他,看他还敢不敢对我说谎。

teach，instruct，educate，coach，train，tutor

• 这些动词均含“教，教育，培养”之意。
• teach最普通用词，含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。
• instruct与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。
• educate较正式用词，指教育，内容比teach广泛，侧重动机或结果，或对潜在能力的开发。
• coach指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课。
• train指训练与培养。
• tutor指进行个别教学或课外辅导。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 她教她的孩子认字。

   误 She taught her child read.

   正 She taught her child to read.

   析 “教某人做某事”应为teach sb to do sth,不定式符号to在这里不能省略。

2. 她不喜欢教阅读。

   误 She doesn't enjoy teaching to read.

   正 She doesn't enjoy teaching reading.

   析 动词teach后面不可直接用动词不定式作宾语,可以接名词或动名词。

3. 当我撞见我的小兄弟在伤害我的猫以后,我决定教训教训他。

   误 I decided to teach my young brother lesson after I caught him hurting my cat.

   正 I decided to teach my young brother a lesson after I caught him hurting my cat.

   析 teach sb a lesson意为“教训某人”,属固定结构,其中a不可省略。

4. 她在幼儿园教书。

   误 She teaches a kindergarten.

   正 She teaches in a kindergarten.

   析 误句意为“她教幼儿园”,事实上教的只能是“人”,不能是表地点的名词。在某处教某人(或教书)应表示为teach (sb) in ...。

近反义词

【近义词】

• discipline
• educate
• impart
• inform
• instruct
• school
• train
• tutor

【反义词】

• learn 学会