discipline

英 ['dɪsəplɪn] 美 ['dɪsəplɪn]

• n. 纪律；训练；学科
• vt. 训练；惩罚

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 训导,训练

   keep under control; train

2. vt. 惩罚

   punish

n. (名词)

1. [U]训练; 锻炼; 训导

   training; aimed at producing self-control; obedience

2. [U]纪律

   result of such training

3. [U]处罚,处分

   punishment

4. [C]学科

   subject of instruction

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 纪律（性），风纪，军纪
2. 训练，训导，教导
3. 学科
4. 教养，修养
5. 惩罚，惩戒，戒律，训诫
6. 【宗】教规，宗规
7. 锻炼，磨炼
8. 训练方法
9. 行为准则
10. 符合准则的行为

v. 动词

1. 训练，训导
2. 使有纪律，使守纪律，强使守纪律
3. 使有条不紊
4. 惩戒，惩罚，处罚，训戒
5. 管教，管制
6. 锻炼， 操练
7. 限制，阻止
8. 对...加以约束
9. 自我控制， 严格要求（自己）

英英释义

Noun:

1. a branch of knowledge;

   "in what discipline is his doctorate?"
   "teachers should be well trained in their subject"
   "anthropology is the study of human beings"
   

2. a system of rules of conduct or method of practice;

   "he quickly learned the discipline of prison routine"
   "for such a plan to work requires discipline"
   

3. the trait of being well behaved;

   "he insisted on discipline among the troops"
   

4. training to improve strength or self-control

5. the act of punishing;

   "the offenders deserved the harsh discipline they received"
   

Verb:

1. develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control;

   "Parents must discipline their children"
   "Is this dog trained?"
   

2. punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience;

   "The teacher disciplined the pupils rather frequently"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. She is strict in the matter of discipline.
   她对纪律的要求是严格的。
2. It takes years of discipline to become a pianist.
   要成为钢琴家需经多年训练。
3. Applied linguistics is a new and independent discipline.
   应用语言学是一门新兴的独立学科。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. It showed that they had been well disciplined.
   这表明他们受过良好的训练。
2. The dog was disciplined by a professional trainer.
   那条狗由一位专业训练师训练。
3. He never disciplined his apprentices with violence.
   他从来不用暴力惩罚学徒。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. You must learn to discipline yourself.
   你要学会控制自己。
2. The teacher disciplines the new comers at the beginning of the new term.
   新学期开始时教师都要对新生进行训练。
1
3. She must have been well disciplined for her orderliness.
   她有条不紊,一定受过良好的训练。
4. The boy was often disciplined for staying away from school.
   那孩子常因为逃学而受到处罚。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ pron. +to- v

1. I've disciplined myself to do two hours of exercise every day.
   我坚持每天锻炼两个小时。

用作名词 (n.)

1. She needs the discipline of having to write an essay every week.
   她需要进行每周写一篇文章的训练。
2. Our soldiers showed perfect discipline under heavy fire from the enemy's guns.
   在敌人的炮火下,我们的士兵表现出良好的纪律。
3. That child needs discipline.
   必须对这个孩子加以惩罚。
4. Mathematics and physics are related disciplines.
   数学和物理是相关学科。

经典引文

• If any be found unchast, she receives three Disciplines or scourgings.

  出自： J. Sergeant

• Has he disciplin'd Aufidius soundly?

  出自：Coriolanus , Shakespeare

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• discipline a child 教训孩子

～+副词

• discipline admirably 管教地极好
• discipline conventionally 按常规训练
• discipline faithfully 全心全意地训练
• discipline highly 纪律严明
• discipline patiently 有耐性地训练
• discipline soundly 静静地训练
• discipline unflaggingly 悄悄地训练

～+介词

• discipline for 因…而处罚
• discipline for arriving late 因迟到而罚
• discipline sb for bad behavior 因某人行为不端而予以处罚

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• corrupt discipline 败坏风纪
• keep〔observe〕 discipline 遵守纪律
• maintain discipline 维持纪律
• violate the law and discipline 违法乱纪

形容词+～

• enough discipline 充分训练
• good discipline 很好的训练
• firm〔severe〕 discipline 严格的纪律
• lax discipline 松弛的纪律
• rigid discipline 严厉的纪律

名词+～

• class discipline 班纪
• party discipline 党纪
• school discipline 校规

介词+～

• the maintenance of discipline 维护纪律
• the violations of discipline 违反纪律

～+介词

• the discipline of adversity 逆境的锻炼

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. discipline的基本意思是“训导”“训练”,指某人被控制、管教在某事物下或某人在“训练”下,使之学到知识或技能。
2. discipline用作及物动词,其宾语多为受“管教”“训练”的人。
3. discipline的宾语是反身代词时,其后可接动词不定式作补足语。

词义辨析

drill，exercise，practice，training，discipline

• 这些名词都有“练习、训练、锻炼”之意。
• drill侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。
• exercise主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。
• practice指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。
• training普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。
• discipline既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行约束。

词源解说

• ☆ 13世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的descepline；最初源自拉丁语的disciplina，意为有必要的惩戒。

近反义词

【近义词】

• punish
• train
• drill
• exercise
• order
• practice
• training

【反义词】

• sloppiness