punish

英 ['pʌnɪʃ] 美 ['pʌnɪʃ]

• vt. 惩罚；粗暴对待
• vi. 处罚

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 罚,处罚,惩罚

   hurt, imprison, fine, etc. sb for wrongdoing

2. vt. 粗暴地对待,痛打

   treat sb roughly, especially by giving hard blows

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 罚，惩罚，处罚
2. 损害
3. <口>折磨
4. <口>大量消耗，贪婪地吃喝
5. 严厉对付，严厉批评
6. 使大败，痛击（对手）
7. 吃大亏，吃苦头
8. 【赛马】乱糟踏（马）
9. 责备，处分，惩治
10. 降祸
11. 对…判罪，治罪
12. 判定…的处罚方式
13. 责怪（自己），自责
14. 粗暴地对待

英英释义

Verb:

1. impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on;

   "The students were penalized for showing up late for class"
   "we had to punish the dog for soiling the floor again"
   

例句

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. The teacher blazoned she would punish the bad student.
   老师宣布她将惩罚那个坏学生。
2. Their teacher punished them for their rudeness.
   老师因为他们态度粗鲁而责罚他们。
3. Dangerous driving should be severely punished.
   危险驾驶应受严惩。
4. The teacher warned them that she would punish anyone who stepped out of line.
   老师警告他们说谁要不守规矩就罚谁。
5. She was always reluctant to punish her opponent.
   她总是不情愿地粗暴对待她的对手。

用作不及物动词 (vi.)

1. I have a mind to punish you for stealing a cookie.
   我有意要处罚你偷饼干。
2. We wonder whom the teacher is going to punish.
   我们极想知道老师要处罚谁。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. We must firmly expose and punish embezzlers and grafters, speculators and lawbreakers.
   我们必须坚决揭露和惩处贪污盗窃、投机倒把、违法乱纪分子。
2. It wasn't your fault; stop punishing yourself!
   这不是你的过错,不要再怪自己了。
3. He punished his opponent with fierce punches to the body.
   他猛击对手的身体。
4. Chapman punished the bowling.
   查普曼连连得分。
5. The old man punished the cold beef.
   老人猛吃冷牛肉。
6. He punished my champagne.
   他大喝我的香槟。
1
7. He got off with a warning that he would be severely punished if he did it again.
   他没受处罚,但受到了警告,如果下次再犯,他将受到惩罚。

经典引文

• 'Tis against the Law of Nature, To punish the Innocent.

  出自： Hobbes

• We do not believe that God can create people only to punish them eternally.

  出自： S. Biko

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

punish as (v.+prep.)

作为…来惩罚 imprison sb/sth as sth
punish sb/sth as sb
They punished the idler as criminals.

他们把懒汉作为罪犯来惩罚。

punish for (v.+prep.)

为…惩罚… give (sb or an animal) a punishment because of sth or doing sth
punish sb/sth for sth/v-ing
He punished the children for their carelessness by making them pay for the damage.

他因孩子们粗心大意而让他们赔偿损失。
Their mother punished them for their rudeness.

母亲因为他们态度粗鲁而责罚他们。
You can't punish me for something I didn't do.

你不能为我没做过的事情而惩罚我。
He punished his son for lying.

他因儿子撒谎而处罚他。
The dog will have to be punished for biting the postman.

这条狗咬了邮递员,它必将为此受到惩罚。
The boy was punished for being late.

男孩因迟到而被罚。
Motorists should be severely punished for dangerous driving.

危险驾驶的开车人士应受到严惩。
He's sorry for what he did and he's been punished for it.

他为自己的行为难过,并因此而受到处分。

punish with〔by〕 (v.+prep.)

以…处罚… give sb a punishment consisting of sth
punish sb with/by sth/v-ing
They punished him with death.

他们判处他死刑。
The mother punished her child by not allowing him to go out.

母亲处罚自己的孩子,不准他出去。
The soldiers severely punished the enemy by machine guns.

战士们用机关枪痛击敌人。
Any sailor who disobeys will be punished with six strokes of the whip.

任何违令的船员将被打六鞭子。
The schoolboys are generally punished with some loss of their free time.

通常说来,学校总是用剥夺一些自由活动时间的方法来惩罚男同学。
Serious crime must be punished by longer terms of imprisonment.

重罪须处以长期监禁。
Any attempt to escape would be punished not only by death but by torture as well.

任何人企图逃跑都将受到惩罚,不仅处死,死之前还要受酷刑折磨。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• punish an offence 惩治犯罪
• punish an opponent 痛击对手
• punish beef 猛吃牛肉
• punish a child 惩罚孩子
• punish criminal 惩罚罪犯
• punish dangerous driving 制裁违章驾驶
• punish embezzler 惩处贪污者
• punish enemy 猛击敌人
• punish grafter 惩处盗窃者
• punish insurrections 打击暴力
• punish lawbreaker 惩罚违法乱纪者
• punish son 惩罚儿子
• punish speculator 惩罚投机倒把分子
• punish students 惩罚学生
• punish the football player 制裁足球运动员
• punish the thief 惩罚小偷

～+副词

• punish atrociously 凶暴地惩罚
• punish barbarously 野蛮地对待
• punish cruelly 无情地惩罚,残酷地惩罚
• punish harshly 严惩
• punish heavily 严厉惩罚
• punish ignominiously 不光彩地惩罚
• punish indiscriminately 不加区别地惩罚
• punish justly 正当地处罚
• punish lightly 轻微地惩罚
• punish mildly 轻微地惩罚
• punish nominally 有名无实地制裁
• punish officially 官方制裁
• punish pitilessly 无情地打击
• punish really 切实地打击
• punish sadly 惨痛地打击
• punish severely 严惩
• punish sparingly 轻微地处分
• punish summarily 立即惩处
• punish vindictively 报复性制裁

～+介词

• punish according to 根据…惩罚
• punish sb by〔with〕 fine 处予某人罚金,罚某人的款
• punish for 因…而惩办
• punish sb for carelessness 因粗心而处罚某人
• punish with 罚以…
• be punished with death 处以死刑

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. punish的基本意思是“罚,处罚”,指因践踏法律、违抗权威或一般地做错了事而对其强制的惩罚。引申可指“粗暴地对待,痛打”。punish用于口语中还可指“大量消耗,吃光”。
2. punish多用于及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。常用于被动结构。
3. punish后接介词for,表示处罚的原因,接with或by表示处罚的方式或手段。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

punish, correct

• 这两个词都可作“惩处”解。其区别是：
• 前者侧重“惩罚”; 后者意为“惩戒”,使受罚者改过自新。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他因驾车超速而被罚。

   误 He was punished with speeding.

   正 He was punished for speeding.

   析 表示“因…受罚”用punish for,而punish with表示“用…来惩罚”。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古法语的puniss-；最初源自拉丁语的punire，意为惩罚。

近反义词

【近义词】

• chasten
• discipline
• scold

【反义词】

• forgive 原谅

派生词

v.(动词)

• punishable adj. 可依法惩罚的，应惩处的确 ‖punishing adj. 十分吃力的；使人筋疲力尽的；严厉的