establish

英 [ɪ'stæblɪʃ] 美 [ɪ'stæblɪʃ]

• v. 建立；确立；创办；安顿

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 建立; 成立

   set up on a firm or lasting basis

2. vt. 安置

   settle, place a person, oneself in a position, office, place, etc.

3. vt. 确定; 证实

   find out or make certain of

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 建立，创立，设立，创办，成立，开设
2. 证实，表明，确定
3. 确立，树立，使得到承认
4. 建设
5. 制定，规定
6. 移植生长
7. 安顿，安置，安排
8. 使开业，使定居， 使立足于
9. 使固定，使稳固
10. 定...为国教
11. 获得接受

英英释义

Verb:

1. set up or found;

   "She set up a literacy program"
   

2. set up or lay the groundwork for;

   "establish a new department"
   

3. establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment;

   "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound"
   "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture"
   

4. institute, enact, or establish;

   "make laws"
   

5. bring about;

   "The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth"
   

6. place;

   "Her manager had set her up at the Ritz"
   

7. build or establish something abstract;

   "build a reputation"
   

8. use as a basis for; found on;

   "base a claim on some observation"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. We have established trade ties with these regions.
   我们和这些地区建立了贸易关系。
2. There is an urgent need to establish a strict responsibility system.
   急需建立严格的责任制度。
3. He has established his theory.
   他确立了他的学说。
4. The framework of a social security system was established by and large.
   社会保障体系框架基本确立。
5. The company was established in 1860.
   这家公司创办于一八六零年。
6. He decided to establish a new school.
   他决定建一所新学校。
7. They established themselves in their new house.
   他们在新居安顿了下来。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Every possibility has been exploited to establish a number of schools.
   利用一切可能性建立了许多学校。
2. We have established diplomatic relations with many countries.
   我们已和许多国家建立了外交关系。
3. The company has established a new system for dealing with complaints.
   这家公司建立了处理意见的新制度。
4. They established themselves between the Danube and Greece.
   他们在多瑙河和希腊之间定居下来。
5. Newton conclusively established the law of gravity.
   牛顿确定了万有引力定律。
6. He succeeded in establishing a claim to the title.
   他成功地确立了对此权利的要求权。
7. We've established a rule in this club that everyone buys his own drinks.
   我们在这个俱乐部里制定了一条大家都要自己买饮料的规矩。
8. The university has established new rules and regulations.
   这所大学制定了新的规章。
9. He established his innocence by showing that he was in another city when the theft was committed.
   他以窃案发生时他在另一城市这个事实来证明自己是无罪的。
10. Only when he spoke off the cuff did he establish report with his audience.
    只有他即席致词时,他才能打动他的听众。
1
11. Our university was established in 1948.
    我们的大学是在1948年创办的。
12. On January 1 diplomatic ties between the United States and China were at last established.1
    月1日中美终于建立了外交关系。
13. This tradition has long been established.
    这一传统早已建立起来了。
14. These idioms have long been established in the English language.
    这些惯用语早已在英语中形成了。
15. Her reputation is established among us.
    她的威望已在我们中间树立起来。
16. A new article of law has just been established.
    一条新的法令刚刚出台。
17. The theory is not yet scientifically established.
    这个理论尚未被科学证实。

S+～+that-clause

1. The police established that she was innocent.
   警察查明她是无罪的。
2. He has established over and over again that Mr. Lowden accepted a bribe.
   他再三确认洛登先生曾受贿。

S+～+wh-clause

1. It will be difficult to establish what has happened.
   很难让人相信发生了什么事。
2. Before taking the train he had to establish whether it went to Beijing.
   在乘车前他不得不弄清楚列车是否去北京。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +as n.

1. He established himself as governor of the province.
   他受命当这个省的省长。
2. She established her fame as a film star.
   她使得自己的电影明星的声望为人所公认。
1
3. Mr. X was established as governor of the province.X
   先生被任命为省主席。
4. She has been established as a qualified teacher.
   她已经被确认为是一个合格的教师。

其他

1. With these facts established, we can proceed to the next point.
   这些事实既已确立,我们可以进行下一项。

经典引文

• This edict was established, for the regulation of the Christian army..during the Crusade.

  出自： Joseph Strutt

• Having first established that they should quit the work at nights.

  出自： J. Smeaton

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

establish in (v.+prep.)

使立足于 place or cause sb to settle firmly in
establish sb/oneself in sth
The director tends to establish his relatives in the best jobs.

主任总想安插他的亲戚干最好的工作。
He established his son in business.

他使他的儿子立足于商界。
A new doctor has established himself in this street.

一位新来的医生在这条街上开业了。
He has established himself in Beijing.

他已定居在北京了。
Miss Baker was established in the educational field.

贝克小姐已在教育界安身立业。
How long did it take you to become established in the office?

你用了多长时间才在这个办公室站住了脚?
Many teachers are now comfortably established in their new houses.

许多教师现在都很舒适地住在他们的新房子里。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• establish an empire 建立一个帝国
• establish equality 实行平等
• establish a stable economy 建立稳定的经济

～+副词

• establish well 稳固地建立
• establish comfortably 舒舒服服安顿下来
• establish conclusively 确立
• establish definitely 确定无疑
• establish firmly 牢固地确立
• establish officially 正式建立
• establish scientifically 科学证实
• establish solidly 牢固确立
• establish splendidly 辉煌地建立
• establish sufficiently 有效地建立

～+介词

• establish sth as a fact 确认…为事实
• establish by laws 被法律所规定
• establish sb in the best job 给某人安排最好的工作
• establish oneself near the fire 靠近火炉坐下
• establish sth on its base 把某物固定在其支架上

词语用法

1. establish指“建立”，属于一时的，短暂性动作，不可以用在完成时态中。

   He has established the school for ten years.
   第一句话的表达是错误的，第二句才是正确的。

2. establish用于被动时态时，可用于完成时。

   The school has been established for ten years.

3. establish同erect的区别：前者既可指建立抽象的物体，也可以是具体的事物。而后者是指所建立的物体有一定的高度。

v. (动词)

1. establish的基本意思是“建立”,指采取最初步骤或措施把需要建立的事物建立起来并持续存在,而不论具体步骤或措施,如建立学校,可指筹资、设计、规划、施工、延聘师资、招生及开课均可说成establish。
2. establish还可表示“使其就位”,指使其存在或使其固定、稳定不动,即“确立”。
3. establish用作及物动词,可接名词、代词或从句作宾语,也可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语,可用于被动结构。
4. establish接that-clause或wh-clause是非正式用法。前者意为“让人相信”,后者意为“弄清楚”。这种用法中, establish的主体通常是人。
5. establish作“定居立业”解时,不是用于被动结构,就是搭用反身代词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

establish, build, construct, erect, found, set up

• 这组词的共同意思是“建造”“建立”。其区别是：
• build是本组词中最常用者,指一般的“建造,建立”,可以表示具体的、特殊的以及比喻的和抽象的意义; construct强调“复杂性”,不强调花费的劳动(特别是体力劳动),而侧重动脑筋解决建造过程中的问题,即“构思”;erect强调“高度”,即竖立起来;establish表示稳固、持久地建立起具体或抽象的事物;found着重在建立之前打下基础;set up着重起点。例如:
• The house was built of wood.这栋房子是用木头盖起来的。
• They are planning to construct an office building.他们正在计划建一栋办公楼。
• A skyscraper has been erected.一栋摩天大楼拔地而起。
• My father established this firm forty years ago.我的父亲40年前建立了这家公司。
• The house was founded on solid rock.这幢房子建在坚硬的岩石之上。
• When was this company set up?这家公司是什么时候成立的?

establish, fasten, fix, settle

• 这四个词的共同含义是“使稳定”“使固定”。其区别是：
• 1.fix强调使稳固于、固定于某一位置、地方或情况中,且难以改变或移动。
• 2.establish强调使稳固而持久地建立起。例如:
• Every possibility has been exploited to establish a number of schools.利用一切可能性建立了许多学校。
• The company has established a new system for dealing with complaints.这家公司建立了处理意见的新制度。
• 3.settle则指“将…置于稳固的、有秩序的或永远的地方或情况中”。例如:
• We have settled what we'll discuss at the next meeting.我们已决定下次会议讨论什么内容。
• Their grandparents settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈于1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• 4.fasten只说明“系”“(使其)固定”这一动作,不强调动作的结果。也可指因出于好奇或向某人征求意见而目不转睛地看。例如:
• Please fasten the seatbelt when the plane is about to take off.飞机起飞时请系好安全带。
• The stranger fastened on my arm.那个陌生人紧紧抓住我的胳膊。
• His eyes fastened upon the beautiful lady.他的眼睛盯住那位美丽的妇人。

build，construct，found，erect，establish，set up

• 这些动词均有“建设，建立，建造”之意。
• build普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。
• construct较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂，要求较高技术的建造。
• found侧重打下基础或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用。
• erect侧重指对高而垂直物的建造。使用不如build广泛。
• establish着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。
• set up作“建立”用时，侧重于“开始”。可指具体或抽象的建立。

prove，certify，demonstrate，establish，testify

• 这些动词均含有“证明、证实”之意。
• prove普通用词，指通过某种手段或方式提供证据以验证某事物真实与否，某结论正确与否等情况。
• certify较正式用词，多指有签字盖章的、合符法律程序的书面证明。
• demonstrate指通过推理、辩论、实验或以实例来确定事物的正确与否。常用于理论、学说、定律等的证明上。
• establish指证实事实或理论的真实性与正确性，使其能长期存在或为人们所接受。
• testify较正式用词，既指出庭作证，提供证据，又指为某人或某事的是否真实提供证据或证明。

词源解说

• ☆ 15世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的establiss，意为使它坚固；最初源自古典拉丁语的stabilire，意为使稳定。

近反义词

【近义词】

• found 建立
• prove 证明
• show 证明
• institute 学院
• confirm 证实
• create 创造
• start 开始
• determine 决定
• corroborate 确证
• set up 建立
• organize 组织
• launch 发起
• set 放置
• begin 开始
• demonstrate 证明
• bring about 带来
• form 形式
• ascertain 确定
• find out 发现
• fix 使 ... 固定
• settle 解决
• verify 核实
• authenticate 证明...为真
• build 建造
• testify 作证
• constitute 构成
• install 安装
• make 做
• plant 植物
• locate 找出
• open 开着的
• clinch 钉牢
• conceive 设想
• bed 床
• define 规定
• specify 详细说明
• seat 座位
• base 底部
• ground 地面
• impress 印记
• lay down 放下（武器）...
• erect 使竖立
• instal 安装
• certify 证明
• construct 建造
• give 给
• shew <古>=show

【反义词】

• ruin 毁灭
• abolish 废除
• demolish 拆毁
• destroy 破坏