subject

英 ['sʌbdʒɪkt] 美 ['sʌbdʒɪkt]

• n. 话题；科目；主题；题材；主观；[语]主语
• n. 实验对象；(君主国)国民
• adj. 易患的；服从的
• vt. 使服从；使隶属；使遭遇

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C] 主题,题目

   the thing that is dealt with or represented in a piece of writing, work of art, etc.

2. [C] 话题,考虑的问题

   sth being talked about or considered

3. [C] 学科,科目; 课程

   a branch of knowledge studied, especially in a system of education

4. [C] 主语,主词

   (in grammar) a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun, person or thing that performs the action of the verb or about which sth is stated

5. [C] 臣民,国民

   person who lives in the land of, is protected by, and owes loyalty to a certain state or especially royal ruler

v. (动词)

1. vt. 征服; 使服从

   bring, get (a country, nation, person) under control

2. vt. 使遭受; 经历

   cause to undergo or experience

adj. (形容词)

1. [P] 易受…的,倾向于…的,易患…的,可能(有)…的

   tending or likely (to have)

2. 隶属于…的,受…支配的

   governed (by) or dependent (on)

3. 受约束〔管辖〕的,不独立的

   governed by sb else, not independent

4. 取决于…,有待于

   … depending on

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 臣民，国民
2. 对象
3. 话题，主题，论题，问题
4. 科目，学科
5. 原因，主因，起因
6. 主旋律
7. 主旨
8. 主人翁
9. 【语法】主语
10. 【哲】主观；我，自我
11. 【逻】主位

adj. 形容词

1. 易受...的，易患...的，易遭...的，动不动就...的
2. 受支配的，低人一等的
3. 以...为条件的
4. 隶属的，附属的，从属的
5. 有关本题目的，有关本科目的
6. 必须得到...的
7. 须经...的

adv. 副词

1. 在...条件下

v. 动词

1. 使服从，使隶属，使附属
2. 使遭遇，使蒙受，使受... ，使患... ，使遭受...
3. 提供，呈交，交给
4. 在...下面
5. 加
6. 提出， 呈核
7. 进行
8. 察看

英英释义

Noun:

1. the subject matter of a conversation or discussion;

   "he didn't want to discuss that subject"
   "it was a very sensitive topic"
   "his letters were always on the theme of love"
   

2. something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation;

   "a moving picture of a train is more dramatic than a still picture of the same subject"
   

3. a branch of knowledge;

   "in what discipline is his doctorate?"
   "teachers should be well trained in their subject"
   "anthropology is the study of human beings"
   

4. some situation or event that is thought about;

   "he kept drifting off the topic"
   "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"
   "it is a matter for the police"
   

5. (grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated

6. a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation;

   "the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly"
   "the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities"
   

7. a person who owes allegiance to that nation;

   "a monarch has a duty to his subjects"
   

8. (logic) the first term of a proposition

Adjective:

1. possibly accepting or permitting;

   "a passage capable of misinterpretation"
   "open to interpretation"
   "an issue open to question"
   "the time is fixed by the director and players and therefore subject to much variation"
   

2. being under the power or sovereignty of another or others;

   "subject peoples"
   "a dependent prince"
   

3. likely to be affected by something;

   "the bond is subject to taxation"
   "he is subject to fits of depression"
   

Verb:

1. cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to;

   "He subjected me to his awful poetry"
   "The sergeant subjected the new recruits to many drills"
   "People in Chernobyl were subjected to radiation"
   

2. make accountable for;

   "He did not want to subject himself to the judgments of his superiors"
   

3. make subservient; force to submit or subdue

4. refer for judgment or consideration;

   "The lawyers submitted the material to the court"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. She dare not mention the subject again.
   她不敢重提那个话题。
2. Mathematics is her favorite subject.
   数学是她喜欢的科目。
3. He is said to be writing a paper on this subject.
   据说他正在写一篇关于这个主题的论文。
4. Hawthorne concedes that normal life can be a subject for art.
   霍桑承认日常生活可以作为艺术的题材。
5. Art is the object of feeling, and the subject of nature.
   艺术是情感的客观表现。也是本性的主观反映。
6. The subject of a sentence and its verb must agree in number.
   句子的主语和动词的数必须一致。

用作名词 (n.)

1. We need some male subjects for a psychology experiment.
   我们需要几个男子作心理学实验对象。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. Mary is very subject to colds.
   玛丽很容易患感冒。
2. Students should be subject to the discipline of their university.
   学生们应该服从学校的纪律。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe
   古罗马帝国征服了欧洲大部分。
2. Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe
   古罗马帝国征服了欧洲大部分。
3. He was subjected to the harshest possible conditions
   他遭遇了最艰苦的条件。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. This is a book on the subject of love.
   这是一部以爱情为主题的书。
2. We sort books by subject.
   我们按主题对书进行分类。
3. Why didn't you select a nice subject?
   你为什么没选一个好题目?
4. What is the subject of the poem?
   这首诗的题目是什么?
5. The subject of the composition is “Holidays in the Country”.
   作文的题目是“在乡间度假”。
6. I could hear father sounding off to his class on his favourite subject again.
   我听见父亲又在班上对学生们滔滔不绝地谈起他所喜欢的话题。
7. She managed to steer the conversation towards the subject of her birthday party.
   她把话题引向了她的生日宴会。
8. Don't try to skate over the question by changing the subject.
   别想以改变话题来回避这个问题。
9. Every time that delicate subject was mentioned, he would sheer off from it.
   每当提到那个微妙的话题时,他都要避开。
10. He cast me a glance, reminding me that I was off the subject.
    他看了我一眼,暗示我已经离了题。
11. He handled the subject in a masterly way.
    他巧妙地论述了这个问题。
12. His speech showed that he didn't understand the subject.
    他的发言说明他对这个问题并不了解。
13. The class separated into several smaller groups to talk about the subject.
    这个班的学生分成了几个小组讨论这个问题。
14. We didn't get to the core of the subject.
    我们没触及问题的核心。
15. He was the subject of much criticism.
    他是许多批评的对象。
16. History is my favourite subject at school.
    历史是我在学校最喜欢的科目。
17. The subject is taught in a slipshod manner.
    那门课没有用认真的方式教。
18. How many subjects are you studying this semester?
    这学期你们要学几门课?
19. A sentence is composed,usually,of two parts,the subject and the predicate.
    句子通常由两部分构成,即主语和谓语。
20. The tyrant's oppressed subjects cry out for their liberty.
    被暴君压迫的臣民呼吁给予他们自由。
21. French by birth and a British subject by marriage.
    出生时是法国人,因结婚成为英国臣民。

～+for n./pron.

1. He proposed a subject for the debate.
   他提出一辩论题目。
2. This is certainly a subject for further investigation.
   这肯定是一个进一步研究的课题。
3. His strange clothes were the subject for great amusement.
   他奇特的服装引起人们发笑。
4. His appearance was the subject for critical comment.
   他的外表是引起某种非议的原因。
5. Lateness and carelessness are subjects for complaint.
   迟到与粗心会引起埋怨。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The Aztecs subjected the neighbouring tribes.
   阿兹特克人征服了邻近的部落。
1
2. These people have been subjected by another tribe.
   这些人一直受另一个部落的统治。

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. This is a subject tribe
   这是个受他人统治的部落。
2. This is a subject province.
   这是个附属省。

用作表语

S+be+～+to n.

1. He is subject to fever.
   他易发烧。
2. Are you subject to colds?
   你易患感冒吗?
3. Organic substances are always subject to slow attack by oxygen.
   有机物暴露在空气中都易受氧的侵袭。
4. Japan is subject to earthquakes.
   日本常遭地震。
5. You must realize,John, that you must be subject to government policy.
   约翰,你必须认识到你必须服从政府的政策。
6. We are all subject to the rules of the school.
   我们大家都受校规的约束。
7. This party is subject to government supervision.
   这个党受政府的监督。
8. Not all income is subject to taxation.
   不是所有的收入都需交税。
9. The plan is subject to the approval of the committee.
   这个计划需经委员会同意。

用作状语

1. Subject to your consent,I will try again.
   你要是同意,我再试一试。
2. Subject to your approval, we'll go ahead.
   只要你同意,我们就会做起来。
3. This can only be done subject to the consent of the author.
   这只有经作者同意才能做。

经典引文

• Many..Lebanese residing in Egypt became French subjects.

  出自：Times

• His Majesty replied that he could not possibly sit down with a subject.

  出自： E. Longford

• I am a subject of the British Crown. You can't put me under arrest.

  出自： A. Burgess

• The freest of all the states..became subject to a despot.

  出自： M. Howitt

• Perpetual conflict between the ruling class and the subject class.

  出自： T. B. Bottomore

• The city had been subjected to Macedonian rule, first by Philip, then by Alexander.

  出自： J. Heller

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

subject matter

主题,内容 content of a book, speech, etc., especially as contrasted with the style

用作动词 (v.)

subject to( v.+prep. )

使(自己)接受〔容忍〕… allow (oneself) to receive and accept (sth)

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• address a subject 提出问题
• avoid a subject 回避问题
• bring up a subject 提出问题〔主题,学科〕
• change the subject 改变话题〔主题〕
• choose a subject 选择题目〔学科〕
• comment on a subject 评论问题〔学科〕
• consider a subject 考虑问题〔题目〕
• deal with a subject 处理〔论述〕某一问题
• discuss a subject 讨论题目〔问题,学科〕
• drop a subject 放弃一个题目
• form subjects of daily debate 成为每日谈论的话题
• give up a subject 放弃一个题目,学科
• go into a subject 探究某问题
• grasp subject 抓住问题〔主题〕
• handle the subject 处理这问题
• introduce a subject 引进话题,介绍课题
• leave this subject 抛开这个题目
• master a subject 掌握某门课程
• return to a subject 回到话题〔问题〕上来
• see the subject 看待这个问题
• set the subject (作文)命题,出题
• study the subject 研究这个问题
• tackle a subject 着手处理〔解决〕某问题,着手学习某门课
• take a subject 着手处理某问题,学习某科学
• treat a subject 论述某问题

形容词+～

• attractive subject 有吸引力的话题〔题目,学科〕
• basic subject 基础科学
• British subject 英国臣民
• complex subject 复杂的问题
• compound subject 复合主语
• delicate subject 需要慎重处理的事情,微妙〔棘手〕的问题
• difficult subject 难搞的题目〔学科〕
• disagreeable subject 不愉快的话题
• impersonal subject 非人称主语
• interesting subject 有趣的题目〔学科〕
• loyal subject 忠诚的子民
• main subject 〈英〉主要科目〔问题〕
• major subject 〈美〉主要科目
• medical subject 内科病人
• minor subject 〈美〉副科
• naturalized subject 归化的臣民
• pleasant subject 令人愉快的话题
• separate subject 独立的学科
• simple subject 简单的问题
• suitable subject 合适的主题
• surgical subject 外科病人
• thorny subject 棘手的问题
• vital subject 极其重要的问题

名词+～

• composition subject 作文题
• school subjects 学校的学习科目

～+名词

• subject matter 主题,要点,题材

介词+～

• beside the subject 离题
• on the subject 关于这个问题
• on the subject of 谈到,论及,关于
• on the subject of money 谈到钱
• work on this subject 有关这问题的著作

～+介词

• subject for 供…的题目
• subject for complaint 抱怨的理由
• subject for congratulation 值得庆贺的事
• subject for debate 供争论的题目
• subject of a sentence 句子的主语
• subject of public interest 公众关心的问题

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• subject a country 征服一个国家
• subject a tribe 征服一个部落
• subject the world 征服世界

～+副词

• subject absolutely 完全征服
• subject willingly 心甘情愿地接受

～+介词

• subject to 经受…,处于…的统治之下

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• subject province 附属省
• subject tribes 受统治的部落

副词+～

• no longer subject 不再取决于…
• exceedingly subject 常受制于…
• scarcely subject 几乎不受制于…

词语用法

1. 当subject解释为“题材”时，其意思并不表示“那题材的文字”(title)，例：Dictionary of English Usage，在这词典中subject是英语的惯用法，即English Usage，而title则是Dictionary of English Usage；
2. subject和citizen的区别，Chinese citizen和British subject，很明显可以看出，citizen一般指共和国的公民，subject一般指君主国的国民；
3. subject与object的区别：subject是动作的执行者，而object是动作的承受者。

   If you subject me to ridicule, I become the object of your ridicule.
   如果你使我受到奚落，我就是你奚落的对象。

n. (名词)

1. subject是可数名词,基本意思是“主题,题目”,指文章或其他作品的题目或主题,引申可表示“话题,考虑的问题”“科目,学科”。在语法术语中也可作“主语”解。
2. subject还可作“臣民,人民”解,一般指君主国的臣民百姓或国民。
3. subject接介词for可表示“…的原因或理由”。

v. (动词)

1. subject用作动词的意思是“征服,使服从”,指通过自身的权威使某人或某物处于自己的影响或控制之下或使某人或某物受自己的支配。引申可指“使遭受,经历”。
2. subject多用作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。
3. subject后接介词to可表示“遭受…”,也可以表示“处于…的控制下”。

adj. (形容词)

1. subject用作形容词的基本意思是“易受…的,倾向于…的,易患…的,可能(有)…的”,在句中只能作表语,常与to连用。
2. subject还可作“隶属于…的,受…支配的”解,指须服从某事物或某人或受某事物或某人支配,在句中常用作表语; subject还可指政治上“不独立的”,在句中常用作定语。
3. subject to引出的形容词短语,还可在句子中作状语,意为“在…条件下”“取决于…”。
4. subject无比较级和最高级形式。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

subject, theme, topic

• 这组词都含有“主题”的意思。其区别是：
• subject着重指文章、书籍、画或谈话等所涉及对象的题目或主题; topic指谈话的话题或文章的题目; theme则指谈话或文章的主题,即中心思想。例如:
• The article has not exhausted the subject.这篇文章并没有把这个问题讲透。
• The accident was the sole topic of conversation.那事故是谈话的唯一话题。
• All his articles seemed an expression of the same theme.他所有的文章好像反映了同一个主题。

subject, citizen

• 这两个词都含有“国民”的意思。其区别是：
• subject一般泛指君主国的臣民百姓或国民; citizen指民主国家的“国民,公民”。例如:
• She is a British citizen but lives in India.她是英国公民,但住在印度。
• Every British person is a subject of the queen.每个英国人都是女王的臣民。

subject, object

• 这两个词均可表示“对象”。其区别在于:object为行为、感觉、思索的对象; 而subject为待处理,用以实验的对象。例如:
• He is an object for scorn rather than for pity.他不是怜悯而是鄙视的对象。
• He was the subject of much criticism.他是许多批评的对象。

v. (动词)

subject, submit

• 这两个词的共同含义是“使服从”。其区别是：
• subject着重强调使对方处于权威的影响或控制之下; 而submit则强调使服从或屈服于某人的意志或权力。例如:
• He was losing the fight but he would not submit.他在拳击中正在节节败退,但绝不屈服。

issue，subject，theme，topic

• 这些名词均有“主题、话题”之意。
• issue指有争论、议论，急需讨论研究的热点话题。
• subject一般用词，使用广泛。指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等所隐含的、暗示的，需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题。
• theme系正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题，或论文、演说的主题。
• topic普通用词，含义广泛，但其范畴小于subject。既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。

liable，apt，likely，prone，subject

• 这些形容词均含“倾向于……的、易于……的”之意。
• liable指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒。
• apt口语中常用，指自然的或习惯的倾向，无特殊的褒贬意味，常指在一般情况下发生的事。
• likely侧重可能性，用于指将来，预言希望或所不希望的结果。
• prone多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。
• subject指确实可以察觉的倾向，也就是总结出来的规律。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的suget，意为平民，臣民；最初源自拉丁语的subjectus：sub （往下） + jacere (放置），意为放置其下。

近反义词

【近义词】

• argument
• matter
• motive
• text
• theme
• topic
• submit
• subjected
• exposed
• open

【反义词】

• independent