spring

英 [sprɪŋ] 美 [sprɪŋ]

• n. 春天；春季；弹簧；弹力；跳；泉水；源头
• v. 跳；弹；快速站起；突然提出；触发捕捉器；(使)裂开；爆炸；释放；涌出；生长；出现；耸立；(风)开始吹

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [U] [C] 春,春天

   the season between winter and summer; the part of the year when leaves and flowers appear

2. [C] 弹簧,发条

   an object usually a length of metal wound round, which can be forced together or pressed down, and will return to its original shape when let go

3. [C] 泉,源泉

   a place where water comes up naturally from the ground

4. [C] 跳,跃

   an action to move quickly and suddenly upwards or forwards as if by jumping

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 跳跃; 惊起

   leap, jump; surprise; alarm

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 泉
2. 弹簧
3. 动机，原动力
4. 活力
5. 春天，春季
6. 弹力，弹性
7. 跳跃
8. 旺盛时期，青春年少时期，青春
9. 根源，源泉，源头
10. 初期
11. 大潮时期

v. 动词

1. （使）爆炸
2. 突然提出，冷不防地问， 突然说
3. 飞快地行动
4. 一跃而成，迅速生长
5. 很快产生
6. <美>请客
7. 使弹成某种状况
8. （使）裂开，破裂，使炸裂
9. 扭伤
10. （使）弹起，（使）弹开，（使）反弹
11. 跳，跃，蹦
12. 突然出现，涌现
13. 源（于）来（自），发源
14. 给…上发条
15. <口>花（钱）
16. 使跳起来，惊起，跳出
17. 使弯曲，使折断
18. 借机械装置操作

英英释义

Noun:

1. the season of growth;

   "the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring"
   "he will hold office until the spring of next year"
   

2. a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed;

   "the spring was broken"
   

3. a natural flow of ground water

4. a point at which water issues forth

5. the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

6. a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

Verb:

1. move forward by leaps and bounds;

   "The horse bounded across the meadow"
   "The child leapt across the puddle"
   "Can you jump over the fence?"
   

2. develop into a distinctive entity;

   "our plans began to take shape"
   

3. spring back; spring away from an impact;

   "The rubber ball bounced"
   "These particles do not resile but they unite after they collide"
   

4. develop suddenly;

   "The tire sprang a leak"
   

5. produce or disclose suddenly or unexpectedly;

   "He sprang these news on me just as I was leaving"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. Spring is here.
   春天来了。
2. It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
   那里有时容易刮风,特别在春季。
3. When the box was opened, the spring jumped out.
   盒子一打开，弹簧就绷出来了。
4. There is too much spring in this bed.
   这张床太有弹性。
5. The cat made a spring at the mouse.
   猫向老鼠扑去。
6. The spring water is cold and crystal-clear.
   泉水清冽。
7. An ill marriage is a spring of ill fortune.
   不良的婚姻是恶运的来源。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The cat crouched ready to spring.
   那猫躬起背准备跳。
2. A clown will spring from the box.
   盒子里会弹出个小丑来。
3. Spring to attention when the captain enters.
   上尉一进来，就要迅速立正站好。
4. I hate to spring this on you at such short notice.
   很抱歉，向你突如其来提出这件事。
5. Why should you spring my cricket bat?
   你干吗非弄弯我的板球拍呢?
6. The barrel began to spring a leak.
   那个木桶开始破裂泄漏了。
7. He'd only get a mouthpiece to spring him.
   他只要找个辩护律师,就能把他释放出来。
8. Out of the sluice springs an inexhaustible supply of water.
   水从水闸中源源流出。
9. The wheat is beginning to spring up.
   小麦正开始迅速生长。
10. Many new factories have sprung up in my home town.
    我的家乡建了许多工厂。
11. The northwest wind will spring up this evening.
    今天傍晚将开始刮西北风。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. As winter gave way to spring, the days began to lengthen.
   当冬天过去春天来临的时候,白天开始变长了。
2. We have delayed publication of the book till spring.
   我们把这本书推迟到春季才出版。
3. The coming of spring often induces light-hearted foolishness in many people.
   春天的到来往往会使人产生一种无忧无虑的愚蠢意识。
4. Willow trees breaking out into buds foretell the coming of spring.
   柳枝绽青报春来。
5. Behind lay a terrible winter; ahead was promised spring.
   严冬已过,阳春在望。
6. Her mother had mentioned how colorful the yard was, now that spring had arrived.
   她母亲提到由于春天已经来到,院子里已是五彩缤纷,非常美丽。
7. It's good to fling off heavy clothing now that spring is here.
   春天到了,脱去笨重的冬装真让人高兴。
8. The bright flowers and warm winds announced that spring was here.
   鲜艳的花朵、和煦的风显示出春天来了。
9. The water was unusually high this spring and the river burst its banks.
   今春河水上涨得特别厉害,把河堤给冲坏了。
10. The bushes may have died back in this cold autumn, but they will grow again next spring.
    在这寒冷的秋天,灌木可能会枯死,但明年春天还会生长起来。
11. During the spring the river floods the valley.
    每到春天,河水都要淹没这个流域。
12. It often rains here all (the) spring.
    这里春天一般都在下雨。
13. On entering the garden I noted that spring had come round.
    一走进花园我就发现春天已经到了。
14. We hope for an early spring.
    我们希望春天早早到来。
15. As the spring is coming, all the trees are beginning to put out green buds.
    春天来了,树木都开始吐出绿色的嫩芽。
16. The cold weather has reached well into the spring.
    寒冷的气候延续到春天。
17. We propose an early holiday in the spring of next year.
    我们建议在来年早一些放春假。
18. Birds breed in the spring.
    鸟类在春季繁殖。
19. The government has announced that electricity charges will go up in the spring.
    政府已经宣布电费将于春天上涨。
20. The apple trees blossom in spring and are laden with fruit in autumn.
    苹果树春天开花,到秋天果实累累。
21. Trees put forth buds and leaves in spring.
    树木在春天发芽长叶。
22. Birds pair and build nests in spring.
    鸟在春天交配筑窝。
23. Some people use their cars only in spring, summer and autumn, and lay them up in garage during the winter.
    有些人只是在春天、夏天、秋天用车,在冬天把车停在车库里。
24. We sometimes have snow in spring.
    我们这儿有时春天也下雪。
25. He was in the spring of life.
    他正值青春年少。
26. It works by means of a spring.
    它是靠一根弹簧来工作的。
27. The spring of my watch is broken.
    我手表里的发条断了。
28. There is no spring left in these old rubber bands.
    这些旧的橡皮圈没有弹性了。
29. He had a spring in his walk.
    他走起路来很有精神。
30. I cannot say for certain how old Mary is, but she's obviously no spring chicken.
    我就说不准玛丽女士芳龄几何,但显然她已经不很年轻了。
31. The springs here are rich in mineral salts.
    这里的泉水含有丰富的矿盐。
32. The lion made a spring at the hunter.
    狮子向猎人扑过去。
33. He wears a new spring coat and a hat to match.
    他穿一件新的春装,还配上一顶帽子。
34. The horses are kicking up their heels in the spring air.
    马在春光里踢着跳着撒欢。
35. In the hot spring water is naturally heated at 106 .
    温泉里的水温达106华氏度。
36. During spring rains the river floods.
    春雨期间河水泛滥。
37. The flood came about as a result of the heavy spring rains.
    春雨大造成了洪水泛滥。
38. The rain greatly advanced the spring crops.
    那场雨使春季作物的成熟期大大提前。
39. One spring day the school arranged a picnic.
    有一年春天,学校安排了一次野炊郊游。
40. Flowers bloom in the spring time.
    花儿在春季开放。
41. A spring tide is an extra big one.
    春潮是一种特大的潮。
42. Fifty competitors have entered for the spring long distance race.
    已经有50名选手报名参加春季长跑。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. My table tennis bat has sprung.
   我的乒乓球拍裂了。

用作系动词

S+～+ adj.

1. The door of the safe had sprung open.
   保险柜的门已经开了。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He sprang the wall.
   他越墙而过。
2. The mouse sprang a mousetrap.
   这只鼠触动了捕鼠器。
3. He sprang a mine.
   他使地雷爆炸了。
4. The heavy weight sprang one of the beams.
   重物把一根横梁压得裂开了。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. He sprang the lock open.
   他打开了那把锁。
2. She lowered her eyelids, then sprang them open.
   她低垂着眼睑,然后突然睁开。

经典引文

• No good drinking water in that land, save..at a rare spring.

  出自： H. Belloc

• Of one hill spring three great Rivers.

  出自： P. Holland

• The perspiration which sprung from his brow.

  出自： Sir W. Scott

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

spring back (v.+adv.)

弹回 move back
spring back
The ball sprang back and hit him.

球弹回打在他身上。

spring from (v.+prep.)

从…来 come from
spring from sth
Where did you spring from?

你从哪里来的?
The error sprang from carelessness.

这个错误是由于粗心造成的。
He springs from a poor peasant's family.

他出身于贫农家庭。 spring sth from sth
Eighteen months later Black was sprung from prison.18

个月后布莱克突然被释放了。

spring on (v.+prep.)

突然告知 make known so as to surprise
spring sth on sb
They are trying to spring a surprise on us.

他们打算告诉我们一个惊人的消息。
He sprang a new proposal on us.

他突然向我们提出了新的建议。

spring out of (v.+adv.+prep.)

从…猛跳了起来 move quickly upwards from sth
spring out of sth
He sprang out of bed when the alarm went off.

当警报响的时候他从床上猛跳了起来。

spring through (v.+prep.)

跳过 jump across
spring through sth
He sprang through the creek.

他跳过小河。
Grasshoppers were springing through the field.

蝗虫在田野里四处蹦跳。

spring to (v.+prep.)

在…出现 be expressed
spring to sth
I sprang to my feet, for anger had overtaken me.

我怒不可遏,猛地跳了起来。
Tears sprang to her eyes.

她的眼里泛起了泪花。
The words sprang to her lips.

她失声说出了这些话。

spring up (v.+adv.)

〈非正〉突然开始; 突然产生; 快速增加或增长 begin suddenly; increase quickly
spring up
In spite of his burns, he sprang up and rushed towards the fighting.

他不顾周身的灼伤,一跃而起,向激战的地方冲去。 spring up from sth
He sprang up from his seat.

他从座位上跳了起来。 spring up out of sth
The boy sprang up out of the chair as soon as he heard the doorbell ring.

那孩子一听到门铃响,就从椅子上跳起来。 spring up
How that plant has sprung up since I last saw it!

自从我上次看见那株幼苗以来,它长得可真快呀! spring up
A strong wind sprang up soon after we left the harbour.

我们离开港口不久,突然刮起了大风。
All of a sudden, a southeasterly wind sprang up and the sky was overcast.

忽然刮起东南风来,一时间天上布满了乌云。
Opposition to the plan has sprung up in some political groups.

某些政治团体对该项计划的反对猛然加剧。
What caused this doubt to spring up in your mind?

什么原因使你突然产生了这个疑问?
A suspicion sprang up in her mind after she heard what he'd said.

听完了他的话,她心头不由升起一团疑云。
In recent years, new buildings have sprung up like mushrooms in the city.

近几年来,新建筑物犹如雨后春笋般地出现在这座城市里。
A new custom has sprung up.

一种新的风尚出现了。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• devote one's spring to sth 把一个春天的时间用于某事
• enjoy a spring 愉快地度过春天
• expect spring 盼望春天
• have a spring 度过一个春天
• pass a spring 度过一个春天
• spend a spring 度过一个春天
• take sb a spring 占用某人一个春天的时间
• dig a spring 挖掘水源
• tap a spring 开出水源
• give a spring 跳跃
• lose spring 失去弹性
• make a spring at 向…扑去
• rise with a spring 一跃而起
• take a spring 跳
• take a spring over the fence 跳过篱笆

形容词+～

• all the spring 整个春天
• another spring 另一个春天
• coming spring 即将到来的春天
• dry spring 干旱的春天
• early spring 早春,初春
• last spring 去年春季
• next spring 明年春季
• this spring 今年春天
• unusual spring 不寻常的春天
• warm spring 温暖的春天
• whole spring 整个春季
• dead spring 没有弹性的弹簧
• hot spring 温泉
• mineral spring 矿泉

名词+～

• air spring 气垫

～+名词

• spring break 春假
• spring flood 春汛
• spring outing 春游
• spring wheat 春小麦

介词+～

• in (the) spring 在春天
• a touch of spring in the air 空气中带着点春意
• the mild days of spring 春暖花开的日子

～+介词

• spring of conduct 行为的动机
• spring of human happiness 人类幸福的源泉
• spring of life 青春(时代)
• spring of muscles 肌肉的弹力
• spring of water 一股泉水
• spring to… 的弹性

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• spring a mine 使地雷爆炸
• spring a mousetrap 触发捕鼠器
• spring a new proposal 突然提出了新的建议
• spring the racket 把球拍打裂
• spring wall 跳墙

～+副词

• spring actively 积极跳跃
• spring agilely 机敏地跳跃
• spring agreeably 令人愉快地跳跃
• spring amazingly 令人惊异地跳跃
• spring constantly 不断地跳跃
• spring conventionally 按常规跳跃
• spring impartially 不偏不倚地跳跃
• spring impetuously 鲁莽地跳跃
• spring impulsively 冲动地跳跃
• spring inconceivably 难以置信地跳跃
• spring independently 独立跳跃
• spring insanely 疯狂跳跃
• spring laboriously 吃力地跳跃
• spring persistently 执意跳跃
• spring powerfully 有力地跳跃
• spring prematurely 过早跳跃
• spring primarily 初步跳跃
• spring safely 安全跳跃
• spring silently 默默地跳跃
• spring specially 特别地跳跃
• spring spontaneously 自发地跳跃
• spring steadily 稳稳地跳跃
• spring unhesitatingly 毫不犹豫地跳跃
• spring viciously 恶意跳跃
• spring victoriously 成功地跳跃
• spring back 弹回
• spring up 跳跃,迅速长高或生长,突然产生

～+介词

• spring through 跳过
• spring to 在…出现

词语用法

2. sprung作不及物动词的过去分词时可作形容词。

   He is sprung from a peasant family.
   他出身于农民家庭。

3. spring前可带介词in，during等，如in spring，in the spring，during the spring（the不可省略）。当表示某个季节来临时，不带the，如Spring has come；
4. 在民间，英国人习惯把2，3，4三个月当春天，8，9，10三个月当秋天，而美国人则习惯把9，10，11三个月当秋天，其他的依次类推；
5. 在中国，民间习惯将春夏秋冬四季从立春，立夏，立秋和立冬算起，而天文学角度上来说spring，summer，autumn和winter是从春分，夏至，秋分，冬至开始算四季，而从立春到春分是“春天”，但不是spring而是winter，所以从表面上看，spring，summer，autumn和winter四个词可译为四季，实际不然。

n. (名词)

1. spring的基本意思是“春天,春季”,引申可指“青春”。
2. spring还可作“跳”“跳跃”解,引申可指“弹簧,发条”“泉水”,是可数名词。
3. spring跟带有延续性的介词(如during, throughout, etc.)时,前面要加定冠词the。
4. spring表示“春季”时,如有this, that, last, next, every等词修饰,其前不能加介词in。
5. in (the) spring可以在spring前面加定冠词,也可以不加冠词。但当spring表示“春季”意义后接of短语时,名词前一定要加定冠词,表示特指。
6. spring还可作“弹性”“走起路来有精神”解,是不可数名词。
7. spring在句中可用作定语修饰其他名词。

v. (动词)

1. spring的基本意思是“跃”,指经过一段时间潜伏或准备后突然而迅速地从某处跳起或出现,强调跳得轻、快、美或突然,给人一种弹性感,引申可表示“泛起(泪花)”“失声说出”“速长”“发生”“出身”“(地雷等)炸开”“(木材等)裂开”“突然提出(宣布)”等。
2. spring既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语,有时可接由形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. spring偶尔也可用作系动词,接形容词作表语。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

下面两个句子的意思不同：

• There is a spring to her step.
• 她走起路来蹦蹦跳跳,像有弹性似的。
• There is a spring in her step.
• 她的脚步轻快有力。

下面两个短语的意思相同：

• walk with a spring in one's step
• walk with a spring in one's heels
• 走路轻快有力

v. (动词)

spring, bound, hop, jump, leap, skip

• 这组词都可以表示“跳”。其区别是：
• jump表示从地面或其他平面上跳起或跳下,也可指从一点跳过另一点,即垂直方向,是最普通用词。bound多用以表示“跳着往前运动”,即水平方向,强调跳动的连续性。例如:
• A herd of antelope bound gracefully across the plain.一群羚羊优雅地跳过了平地。
• leap则强调腾空跳起或跳至某地点,即从一点越过相当距离跳到另一点,暗示动作优美、轻捷,含有“连跑带跳”的意思。例如:
• She leaped lightly to the opposite bank of the stream.她轻盈地跳到小溪的对岸去了。
• spring指突然而迅速地从某处跳起,强调跳得轻、快或突然,给人一种弹性感。例如:
• He sprang to his feet.他突然一跃而起。skip指轻快地跳,两脚相互交叉地跳。例如:
• The children skipped down the street to the sweet shop.孩子们蹦蹦跳跳地上街买糖去了。
• hop用于人时,指单足跳; 用于动物时,指所有的足一齐跳。例如:
• The wounded soldier hopped across the street.受伤的士兵跳过了大街。

spring, arise, derive, emanate, originate, proceed, stem

• 这组词均可表示“出现”,其区别在于：
• 1.spring强调经过一段时间或准备后突然出现。
• 2.arise强调产生的事实,暗示从无到有,也指某事物导致的结果。例如:
• I think there's a storm arising gradually.我看风暴即将来临。
• There's trouble arising gradually at the meeting.会上一场纠纷正在酿成。
• 3.originate指来源于特定的根源或起点。例如:
• All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.任何理论都来源于实践,反过来为实践服务。
• The style of architecture originated with the ancient Greek.这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。
• 4.derive指由另一形式的事物衍生而出或者从另一些人处取得。例如:
• The word derives from French.这个词来自法语。
• English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock.英语主要源于日耳曼语族。
• 5.emanate指从一事物转变为另一事物。例如:
• Can we emanate to the next question?我们能转入下一个问题吗?
• 6.proceed指自某处发出或产生,强调根源或原因。例如:
• His mistake proceeded from his ignorance of it.他的错误是出于他对那件事的无知。
• Wrong opinions often proceed from lack of information.错误的看法往往产生于不了解情况。
• 7.stem指合乎自然规律地产生,也指在某人或某事物的影响下产生或从属于某人或某物发展。例如:
• We can stem great pleasure from our studies.我们可以从读书研究中获得极大的乐趣。
• He stemmed his enthusiasm for literature from his father.他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。

下面两个句子的意思相同：

• He springs from a poor farmer's family.
• He is sprung from a poor farmer's family.
• 他出生在一个贫苦的农民家庭。

jump，leap，spring，hop，bound，skip

• 这些动词均有“跳、跳跃”之意。
• jump是普通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。
• leap常可与jump换用，但侧重身体猛力向上升起并朝前急冲的动作，有时含突然的意味。
• spring更强调有力和弹跳的运动。
• hop指单脚短跳或双足猛力的动作。也指小鸟、青蛙等的跳。
• bound多指向前向上或向下跳跃、奔跳。
• skip指两脚交替轻轻地跳或跨的动作。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 一年有四季：春、夏、秋、冬。

   误 There are four seasons in the year:Spring,Summer,Autumn and Winter.

   正 There are four seasons in the year:spring, summer, autumn and winter.

   析 表示“季节”的名称一般不大写。

2. 他在1969年春天回到了故乡。

   误 He returned to his hometown in spring of 1969.

   正 He returned to his hometown in the spring of 1969.

   析 表示“季节”意义的名词后接of短语时是特指,该名词前要加定冠词。

3. 他今年春天去日本了。

   误 He went to Japan in this spring.

   正 He went to Japan this spring.

   析 当表示“季节”意义的名词前有this, that, last, next, every等词修饰时,不能加介词in。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的springan；最初源自原始日耳曼语的sprenganan，意为跳跃，飞起。

近反义词

【近义词】

• beginning
• cause
• origin
• root
• source
• appear
• arise
• bound
• come
• dance
• derive
• issue