lecture

英 ['lektʃə(r)] 美 ['lektʃər]

• n. 讲课；演讲；训话
• v. 训斥；讲课；教导

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C]演讲,讲课

   talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class, often as part of a teaching programme

2. [C]冗长的训斥或谴责

   long reproach or scolding

v. (动词)

1. vi. & vt. (向…)演讲;(给…)讲课

   give a lecture or course of lectures

2. vt. 责骂;谴责

   scold;reprove

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 演讲，讲演，讲座，演说，讲话，作报告，授课，讲课
2. 教训，训斥，说教，冗长的训话，告诫，责备
3. 讲义，讲稿
4. 教条，教义

v. 动词

1. 演讲，讲演，开讲座（+on/about）
2. 讲学，讲课
3. 讲道
4. 向...演讲
5. 给...讲课，给…上课
6. 教训，教导，训导，训斥，训诫，告诫，叱责，责备，指责

英英释义

Noun:

1. a speech that is open to the public;

   "he attended a lecture on telecommunications"
   

2. a lengthy rebuke;

   "a good lecture was my father's idea of discipline"
   "the teacher gave him a talking to"
   

3. teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class)

Verb:

1. deliver a lecture or talk;

   "She will talk at Rutgers next week"
   "Did you ever lecture at Harvard?"
   

2. censure severely or angrily;

   "The mother scolded the child for entering a stranger's car"
   "The deputy ragged the Prime Minister"
   "The customer dressed down the waiter for bringing cold soup"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. She ran over her notes before giving the lecture.
   她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍。
2. His lecture covered various aspects of language.
   他的讲课涉及到语言诸方面的问题。
3. They could not follow the lecture.
   他们听不懂这次演讲。
4. He wrote down the outline of his lecture.
   他写下演讲的提纲。
5. I don't need any lecture from you about being late!
   我迟到也不需要你来训斥。

用作动词 (v.)

1. It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.
   当着整个班级的面被训斥了一顿，真让我感到羞辱。
2. He lectured to his students on modern writers.
   他给学生们讲了关于现代作家的一课。
3. Your talk at home will lecture on your children.
   你在家里的谈话会引导孩子。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Be punctual for the lecture.
   要准时来听课。
2. I anticipate deriving much instruction from the lecture.
   我期望从这演讲中获得很多收效。
3. I should have attended the lecture yesterday, but I was not fit.
   昨天我本应去听讲座,但身体不好没有去。
4. His lecture was not relevant to the topic.
   他的讲座与题目无关。
5. He adapted his lecture to his audience.
   他使自己的演讲适合听众的口味。
6. I take it as a pleasure to attend your lecture.
   我很愿意听你讲课。
7. The professor's lecture excited our interest.
   那个教授的讲课引起了我们的兴趣。
8. Our teacher's lecture aroused the interest of us all.
   老师的讲课引起了大家的兴趣
9. The agriculturist is going to give a lecture to the students in the agricultural college.
   这位农学家将要给农学院的学生们讲学。
10. It was requested that a lecture should be given.
    请求举行一次讲座。
11. Professor Wang is sure to give us a lecture this afternoon.
    王教授今天下午一定会给我们作报告。
12. He is giving a lecture at a school on Irish Fairy Tales.
    他正在一所学校里作爱尔兰神话故事方面的讲座。
13. Books and lectures may have value in answering specific questions and doubts.
    书和讲座在解答专门问题与释疑方面可能是有价值的。
14. It is difficult to understand his books, much more his lectures.
    他的书很难理解,他的讲演更难理解。
15. He gave the child a lecture on the importance of punctuality.
    他教训孩子们严守时间的重要性。
16. My father gave me a lecture for smoking.
    我父亲因我吸烟而训斥我。
17. The teacher gave the children a lecture for running in the corridor.
    老师因孩子们在走廊里奔跑而训斥他们。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. He was asked to lecture in America.
   他被邀请到美国讲学。
2. After you have been lecturing for an hour, you would get thirsty and tired.
   作一个小时报告之后,你会又渴又累的。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He's lecturing a group of tourists.
   他在向一群观光者作报告。
2. Don't lecture the child.
   不要责备孩子。

经典引文

• He had evolved from the lecture of the letters a definite conviction.

  出自： J. Conrad

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

lecture about〔on〕 (v.+prep.)

就(某题目)作报告,办讲座 give a serious and often long talk about (a subject), as when teaching in a college or university
lecture about〔on〕 sth
Tom has been invited to lecture about his method of writing to a class of English students.

汤姆已应邀去给一个英语班作报告,谈他的写作方法。
He lectured on public hygiene.

他作了场关于公共卫生的讲演。
The explorer lectured on life in the Arctic.

那位探险家演讲北极的生活。
What's he lecturing on tomorrow?

他明天讲授什么? lecture sb about〔on〕 sth
He lectured the children on good manners.

他向孩子们作关于礼貌行为举止的演讲。

lecture at (v.+prep.)

对(某人)进行说教,教训(某人) scold or warn (sb), often at length
lecture at sb
Don't lecture at me,I don't have to do what you say!

别教训我,我可不是非听你的不可。
Older children don't like being lectured at.

大点的孩子不喜欢听人说教。

lecture for (v.+prep.)

因…教训(某人) scold (sb) at length for (a fault of doing sth wrong)
lecture sb for sth/v-ing
She lectured us for coming home late every night.

我们由于每天晚上回家太晚而受到她的训斥。
The director is always lecturing Jim for being late.

主任老为吉姆迟到训斥他。
The teacher lectured John for being lazy.

老师责备约翰懒惰。
Peter was severely lectured for lack of consideration for his mother.

彼得因毫不体贴母亲而受到严厉训斥。
The new secretary was being lectured for the poor quality of her work.

新来的秘书因工作质量差而遭训斥。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• appear at lecture 出席讲座
• attend a lecture 听演讲,听课
• cut a lecture 旷课
• deliver a lecture 演讲,讲课
• follow the lecture 听懂这次讲课
• give a lecture 给上课,发表演讲
• go to lecture 去听课
• hear a lecture 听演讲
• listen to lecture 听课
• give sb a lecture 训斥某人

形容词+～

• Chinese lecture 关于中国语言文化等的讲座
• formal lecture 正式演讲
• invited lecture 特约演讲
• outdoor lecture 室外讲演〔讲课〕
• popular lecture 受欢迎的演讲
• public lecture 公开演讲
• taped lecture 录音讲课

名词+～

• film lecture 电影讲座
• French lecture 法文讲座
• history lecture 历史讲座
• school lecture 学校讲演
• university lecture 大学讲课
• curtain lecture 妻子私下对丈夫的训斥

～+名词

• lecture tour 巡回演讲

介词+～

• at a lecture 出席演讲
• at the lecture 听讲
• a course of lectures 一门讲座课程

～+介词

• lecture about 关于…的演讲
• lecture in English 用英语所作的演讲
• lecture on 关于…的演讲
• lecture to the Society of Arts 对艺术协会的讲座
• lecture upon history 历史讲座

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• lecture didactically 有教导地演讲
• lecture edifyingly 有开导性地演讲
• lecture eloquently 富有口才地演讲
• lecture graphically 生动地演讲
• lecture inspiringly 激动人心地演讲
• lecture interminably 无休止地演讲
• lecture scientifically 科学地演讲
• lecture tediously 枯燥无味地演讲
• lecture vividly 生动地演讲

～+介词

• lecture about 就(某题目)作报告,办讲座
• lecture at sb 严词教训某人
• lecture for 作演说或报告,教训(某人)
• lecture on 就(某题目)作报告,办讲座
• lecture to sb 给某人讲课

词语用法

n. (名词)

1. lecture主要指教育性或学术性“演讲”,引申可指“冗长的训斥或谴责”。
2. lecture是可数名词,其后接介词on或 about ,意为“关于…的演讲”“就…做演讲”“因…训斥或谴责某人”。

v. (动词)

1. lecture作“讲演,讲课”解时,是不及物动词。说“讲授某课程”时常与介词on连用,说“在某地讲演”时常与介词at〔in〕连用。
2. lecture也可用作及物动词,意思是“向…讲演,给…讲课”,接名词或代词作宾语。
3. lecture还可作“责备”“教训”“训斥”解,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。“因…而受到训斥”可说lecture sb for n./v -ing。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

lecture, address, oration, report, speech, talk

• 1.在这组词中, address, speech, talk, oration四个词是同义词, lecture和report的词义与其他四个词的词义差异较大。
• ①lecture指学术性的“专题讲演”,尤指大学教师讲课,引申义为“教训”。例如：
• Professor Black will give us a lecture on English literature tomorrow afternoon.布莱克教授明天下午将给我们做关于英国文学的演讲。
• His mother gave him a lecture for getting up late.他妈妈因为他睡懒觉而训斥了他一顿。
• 注意这六个词中只有lecture不可与make连用。
• ②report指下级对上级或委托机关的“报告”,比汉语中“报告”的外延小得多。例如：
• The manager had just given the company's annual report.经理刚做了公司的年度报告。
• 2.address, speech, talk, oration四个词的共同含义是“当众讲话”。其区别是：
• ①speech和talk是普通用语, address和oration是正式用语。
• ②address和oration用于正式隆重的场合,经过充分准备,听众较多,篇幅较长。这两者中, oration比address更正式,更隆重,人更多,篇幅更长。例如：
• The minister's address will be broadcast at 8 o'clock.部长的讲话将于8时广播。
• Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was an oration.林肯的盖茨堡讲演是一篇雄辩有力的演说辞。
• 这两个词含义上的区别是：address强调演说人的身份或地位高,而oration则强调演说人口才好,演说有煽动性,雄辩有力,词藻华丽。
• ③speech和talk的区别是：speech多用于正式场合,也可用于非正式场合; 而talk多用于非正式场合,也可用于正式场合。speech一般是经过准备的也可不经过准备; 而talk一般是不经过准备的。speech的措辞一般是庄重的; 而talk是较为随便的,讲话方式也较自由,甚至也可以是对话。例如：
• Please tell us what you think in a few simple words, we don't want a speech.请用简短的话说明你的意思,不要演说。
• We enjoy freedom of speech.我们有言论自由。
• We had a long talk about it.关于此事,我们作了一次长谈。
• He gave us a very interesting talk on Yugoslavia.他给我们作了一场饶有兴趣的关于南斯拉夫的报告。
• ④speech除作“讲演”解之外,还有“讲稿”“讲演风格”的含义,而另外三个词无此含义。例如：
• His speech was sent to the newspaper in advance.他的讲话稿事先就送报社去了。
• Her speech is informal and filled with colloquialisms.她的讲话常是非正式的,很口语化。

v. (动词)

lecture about, lecture on

• 这两个短语都表示“就…作讲演”。其区别在于:接about时内容比较广泛,接on时,内容较集中、专一;另外,接about时,内容较为普及;而接on专业性较强。

lecture, declaim, deliver, speak

• 这组词都可表示“演讲”。其区别是：
• speak一般指在公共场合讲话; declaim有慷慨激昂地演说、朗诵或以言辞攻击某人或某种观点的含义; deliver指讲道、陈述意见或讲授一门功课; lecture可指就某一专题演讲或强调教导性的演说。例如:
• She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money.她慷慨陈词,猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。
• He is delivering a speech.他正在作演讲。
• I wish you'd stop lecturing me.我希望你不要再教训我。

address，speech，lecture，oration，report，talk

• 这些名词均含“演讲，讲话，报告”之意。
• address正式用词，指在庄严隆重的场合作精心准备的演讲或正式演说。
• speech普通用词，指一般的发言或讲话，可以是事先准备的，也可以是即席的。
• lecture侧重带学术性的演讲。
• oration常指在特殊场合，辞藻华丽，形式庄重，旨在激发听众感情的正式演说。
• report一般是指下级给上级或负责人给委托机关的书面或口头报告。
• talk常用词，强调非正式讲话，讲话方式一般较为自由。

class，lesson，lecture，course

• 这些名词均含“课”之意。
• class从“班级”引申指学生在一起上课，还可表示“(一节)课”。
• lesson主要指教材中的一课或每次授课的单位时间。
• lecture指讲课。
• course指在一段时间内教完或学完的完整的课程。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 他给学生作一次讲演。

   误 He made a lecture to the students.

   正 He delivered〔gave〕 a lecture to the students.

   析 表示“作讲演”时,动词不能用make,而用deliver〔give〕。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期期进入英语，直接源自中世纪拉丁语的lectura，意为宣读，演讲；最初源自古典拉丁语的lectus（legere的过去分词），意为读。

近反义词

【近义词】

• address
• lesson
• rebuke
• reproof
• scolding
• speech
• talk
• address
• admonish
• rate
• reprove
• scold
• speak
• talk
• teach
• tell of