harsh

英 [hɑːʃ] 美 [hɑːrʃ]

• adj. 粗糙的；严厉的，严酷的；刺耳的；使人不舒服的；大约的

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 刺耳的,刺眼的; 粗糙的

   unpleasant or painful to the senses

2. 严厉的,严酷的

   showing cruelty and a lack of sympathy

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. （手感）粗糙的，毛糙的
2. 严厉的
3. 刺耳的，难听的，不和谐的
4. 严酷的，严峻的；艰苦的，艰巨的
5. 残酷的
6. 苛刻的，无情的
7. 强烈刺眼的
8. 丑陋的，粗陋的，不优美的
9. 刺激性强的
10. （天气或生活环境）恶劣的
11. （味道）涩口的，苦涩的，难吃的
12. 荒芜的，不毛的
13. （气味）难闻的，刺鼻的
14. 生硬的
15. 喘哮的；喘哮声的

英英释义

Adjective:

1. unpleasantly stern;

   "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"
   "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
   

2. disagreeable to the senses;

   "the harsh cry of a blue jay"
   "harsh cognac"
   "the harsh white light makes you screw up your eyes"
   "harsh irritating smoke filled the hallway"
   

3. of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles;

   "coarse meal"
   "coarse sand"
   "a coarse weave"
   

4. unkind or cruel or uncivil;

   "had harsh words"
   "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"
   "a rough answer"
   

5. severe;

   "a harsh penalty"
   

6. sharply disagreeable; rigorous;

   "the harsh facts of court delays"
   "an abrasive character"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. Yorke himself has a harsh face.
   约克本人长着张粗糙的脸。
2. The punishment was too harsh for him.
   这种惩罚对他来说太严厉了。
3. He had deliberately made his voice harsh.
   他故意嘶哑着嗓门。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. The lamp gave out a harsh light.
   灯发出刺眼的光。
2. The desk has a harsh surface.
   这书桌表面粗糙。
3. He received a harsh punishment from his history teacher yesterday.
   昨天他受到历史老师严厉的惩罚。
4. The critics had nothing but harsh words for the new play.
   批评家对那个新剧本只有苛刻的批评。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. His voice sounds very harsh.
   他的声音很刺耳。
2. The sunlight is very harsh.
   太阳光很刺眼。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. The teacher is harsh to his students.
   那个老师对他的学生很严格。
2. You are too harsh to me.
   你对我太苛刻了。
3. The cloth is harsh to the touch.
   这布手感很粗糙。

经典引文

• A few harsh-coated breeds need no trimming.

  出自： W. Boorer

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• harsh discipline〔punishments〕 严厉的纪律〔处罚〕

～+介词

• be harsh to the ear 刺耳
• be harsh to the taste 味涩
• be harsh to the touch 摸上去粗糙
• be harsh with 对…严厉

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

harsh, coarse, rough, rude

• 这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
• 1.rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如:
• Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。
• Don't be so rough with the child.不要对小孩这样粗暴。
• His manners are very rough.他的举止非常无礼。
• 2.rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如:
• It's rude to peep.偷看别人是不礼貌的。
• He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。
• All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him.怀特先生对他如此无礼,使我们都感到惊异。
• 3.coarse则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。例如:
• He is coarse in manner.他举止粗鲁。
• It's a coarse joke.这是个粗俗的玩笑。
• She used to be coarse of speech.她过去说话很粗鲁。
• 4.harsh侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。例如:
• The colour is very harsh.那颜色很刺眼。
• The cloth is harsh to the touch.这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
• The noise is harsh to the ear.那噪声很刺耳。
• The surface of the table is very harsh.那张桌子的表面非常粗糙。

rough，coarse，harsh，rude，crude

• 这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。
• rough普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，（态度）粗暴，（计算)粗略。
• coarse指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指(言谈)粗俗。
• harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。
• rude指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
• crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。

词源解说

• ☆ 16世纪30年代进入英语，直接源自中古低地日耳曼语的harske，意为粗的，生的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• rough
• severe
• tough
• unkind
• unpleasant

【反义词】

• easy
• gentle
• pleasing