foul

英 [faʊl] 美 [faʊl]

• adj. 恶臭的；邪恶的；污秽的；恶劣的；犯规的
• n. 犯规
• v. 弄脏；妨碍；犯规

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 难闻的,发臭的

   having a bad smell or taste

2. 令人不愉快的,糟透了的

   unpleasant; awful

3. 污浊的,肮脏的

   very dirty; unclean

4. 下流的,辱骂性的

   full of curses

5. 恶劣的; 有暴风雨的

   (of weather) rough; stormy

6. 邪恶的,罪恶的

   evil; wicked

v. (动词)

1. vt. 使污秽; 弄脏

   make foul or dirty

2. vt. & vi. 纠缠; 纠结

   collide; make sb/sth entangled

3. vt. & vi. 〈体〉(对…)犯规

   commit a foul against

n. (名词)

1. [C]犯规

   (in sport) an act that is against the rules

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. （天气等）恶劣的
2. 恶臭的，难闻的，有恶臭的
3. 肮脏的，污浊的
4. 犯规的
5. 邪恶的，可恶的
6. 腐败的，腐烂的
7. （风）逆的
8. 堵塞的，淤塞的
9. 被缠住的
10. 下流的，恶语咒骂的
11. 粘满海藻、贝壳的

n. 名词

1. 犯规
2. 脏东西，污物
3. 逆境
4. 碰撞
5. 缠结，纠缠
6. 不正当的事情
7. 冲突

v. 动词

1. 缠结，缠住，纠结，纠缠
2. 玷污，弄脏，污染
3. （使）堵塞，（使）壅塞
4. 腐败，腐烂
5. 使纠缠
6. 阻碍，妨害
7. 船只相撞，（使）碰撞
8. 大量出错
9. 搞糟，弄乱，把…搞糟
10. 使污秽
11. 【体】（对…）犯规，犯规
12. 污蔑，使丧失名誉，玷污
13. 变脏；变腐烂
14. 【棒球】把(投球)击出界外

adv. 副词

1. 不正当地，不光明正大地
2. 违反规则地，犯规地
3. 碰撞地
4. 争执不和地
5. 【棒球】击球出界地

英英释义

Noun:

1. an act that violates the rules of a sport

Adjective:

1. highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust;

   "a disgusting smell"
   "distasteful language"
   "a loathsome disease"
   "the idea of eating meat is repellent to me"
   "revolting food"
   "a wicked stench"
   

2. offensively malodorous;

   "a foul odor"
   "the kitchen smelled really funky"
   

3. violating accepted standards or rules;

   "a dirty fighter"
   "used foul means to gain power"
   "a nasty unsporting serve"
   "fined for unsportsmanlike behavior"
   

4. (of a baseball) not hit between the foul lines

5. (of a manuscript) defaced with changes;

   "foul (or dirty) copy"
   

6. characterized by obscenity;

   "had a filthy mouth"
   "foul language"
   "smutty jokes"
   

7. disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter;

   "as filthy as a pigsty"
   "a foul pond"
   "a nasty pigsty of a room"
   

8. especially of a ship's lines etc;

   "with its sails afoul"
   "a foul anchor"
   

Verb:

1. hit a foul ball

2. make impure;

   "The industrial wastes polluted the lake"
   

3. become or cause to become obstructed;

   "The leaves clog our drains in the Fall"
   "The water pipe is backed up"
   

4. commit a foul; break the rules

5. spot, stain, or pollute;

   "The townspeople defiled the river by emptying raw sewage into it"
   

6. make unclean;

   "foul the water"
   

7. become soiled and dirty

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. He opened the window to let out the foul air.
   他打开窗户，放出污浊的空气。
2. The foul weather spoiled our vacation.
   恶劣的天气把我们的假期糟踏了。
3. She has a foul temper.
   她脾气暴躁。
4. The ball was foul.
   这球犯规了。
5. He was booked by the referee for foul play.
   他因为动作犯规而被裁判记下姓名。

用作名词 (n.)

1. The forward made a foul in the penalty area.
   前锋在禁区内犯规了。

用作动词 (v.)

1. Owners who allow their dogs to foul the footpath will be fined.
   主人若放任狗弄脏人行道将受处罚。
2. Everything was just fine until Fred came along and fouled things up.
   本来一切都井井有条，弗雷德一来就给搞得乱七八糟。
3. He fouled the same player again in the second half.
   他在下半场对同一运动员再次犯规。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. The house was filled with foul odor.
   房间里充满了难闻的气味。
2. I've had a foul morning; everything's gone wrong.
   我今天早上很不愉快,事事不对劲。
3. Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.
   脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
4. Many were shocked by his foul language.
   许多人对他那下流的语言感到震惊。
5. What a foul day it is!
   多么恶劣的天气!
6. Murder is a foul deed.
   谋杀是件非常丑恶的事。
7. She has a foul temper, that's why she has so few friends.
   她脾气暴躁,这就是为什么她朋友那么少的原因。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. This place is very foul.
   这地方肮脏不堪。

S+be+～+ prep. -phrase

1. He fell foul of his employer and lost his job.
   他因触犯老板而丢了工作。
2. The floor was foul with the dirt of weeks.
   地板上由于积着几星期的灰尘而很脏。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. One pipe has fouled, and the water won't go down.
   一根水管堵塞了,水流不下去。
2. Our boat fouls on leaving harbor.
   我们的船离港时发生了碰撞。
3. The footballer tried to foul.
   那个足球运动员试图犯规。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The smoke fouled the air.
   烟污染了空气。
2. The rope fouled the anchor chain.
   绳子与锚链缠在一起。
3. He was sent off for fouling the other team's goalkeeper.
   他因对对方守门员犯规而被罚出场。

用作名词 (n.)

1. He was cautioned for a foul on another football player.
   他因对另一球员犯规而受到警告。
2. The player was sent off the field because of fouls.
   这名运动员因屡屡犯规而被罚下场。

经典引文

• The whole city was becoming foul and beginning to smell.sssss J. le Carr&eacusc;

  出自： ssssN. Shute

• The water fouled very quickly, so that it had to be changed three times a day.

  出自： G. Durrell

• I'll have this crown of mine cut from my shoulders Before I'll see the crown so foul misplaced.

  出自：Richard III , Shakespeare

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

by fair means or foul

千方百计,不择手段somehow or other; whether by good or evil methods

fall〔run〕 foul of

与…冲突〔不一致〕have a confrontation or disagreement with sb/sth

用作动词 (v.)

foul by (v.+prep.)

〈体〉(对…)犯规 commit a foul (against)

foul out (v.+adv.)

〈非正〉被罚下场 take no further part in play because of an action against the rules
foul out
Two of our players have fouled out.

我们已有两名队员被罚下场了。

foul up (v.+adv.)

犯错; 走错路,误入歧途 make a mistake; go wrong
foul sth ⇔ up
The birds fouled up his newly washed car.

鸟把他新洗好的车弄脏了。
The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories.

整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。 foul sth ⇔ up
When everything is running smoothly, why must he step in and foul thing up?

一切正在顺利进行时,为什么他一定要插进去把事情弄糟呢? foul sth ⇔ up
Nothing could foul up their militant spirit.

什么也不能挫伤他们的斗志。 foul sth ⇔ up
A big truck tried to get into a small parking space and fouled up traffic.

一辆试图开进小停车场的大卡车把交通阻塞了。 foul up
Why do some people foul up and become criminals?

为什么有些人会走上歧途变成罪犯呢?
Blue suit and brown socks!He had fouled up again.

蓝衣服和棕色短袜!他又搞错了。

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• foul deed 丑恶的事
• foul air 污浊的空气
• foul clothes 脏衣服
• foul language 下流的语言
• foul odor 难闻的气味

～+介词

• foul from 因…而变脏
• foul of 与…相撞,同…冲突
• foul with impurities 卑鄙下流的

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• foul out 被罚下场
• foul up 弄脏〔糟〕,误入歧途,缠住

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• claim a foul 指出犯规
• commit a foul 犯规

形容词+～

• personal foul 个人犯规
• technical foul 技术犯规

名词+～

• team foul 球队犯规数

介词+～

• through foul and fair 在任何情况下,不管顺利或困难

～+介词

• a foul on an opponent 侵犯对方队员的犯规

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. foul用作动词的基本意思是“使污秽,弄脏”,指被具有极大危害性或非常令人厌恶的事物所污染或玷污,强调使污秽,使下流,可用于具体的东西,也可用于抽象事物。引申可指“纠缠”“纠结在一起”,在体育用语中则指“犯规”。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

foul, dirty, filthy, nasty

• 这组词都可表示“脏的”“恶心的”。其区别是：
• dirty是最普通用词,意思是“肮脏的”; filthy比dirty强烈一些,表示“令人厌恶的”; foul是这几个词中语气最强烈的词,形容人时表示“令人作呕地讨厌”,形容物时表示“恶臭的”“很肮脏的”“味道难闻的”; nasty指“极其令人厌恶的”,常用来修饰人,表示“爱挑剔的”“令人厌恶的”。例如:
• My coat is dirty.我的上衣很脏。
• I ought to sell maximum out like that,I would be utterly filthy.我应把它们大部分卖掉,我太讨厌它们了。
• The air in this room is foul, open the window.这屋里的空气令人作呕,把窗户打开。
• He is a nasty man, don't talk with him.他是一个令人厌恶的人,不要和他说话。

dirty，foul，nasty

• 这些形容词均有“脏的，污秽的”之意。
• dirty普通用词，泛指被玷污或弄脏。
• foul指由于腐烂、恶臭等造成的不干净，令人恶心。
• nasty主要指特别讲究清洁的人感到讨厌的东西。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的ful，意为肮脏的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• bad
• dirty
• nasty
• offensive
• rough
• pollute
• soil
• tangle

【反义词】

• clean
• fair
• mild
• modest
• pure
• clear
• purify