struggle

英 ['strʌɡl] 美 ['strʌɡl]

• vi. 努力；奋斗；斗争；挣扎
• n. 斗争；竞争；奋斗

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vi. 斗争,奋斗,努力

   fight; try to overcome difficulties, etc.; make great efforts

n. (名词)

1. [C] 打斗,搏斗,战斗,斗争

   fight

2. [S] [C] 努力,奋斗

   great effort

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 斗争，战斗，战争
2. 努力，奋斗，拼搏
3. 挣扎，使劲
4. 努力奋斗的目标
5. 要认真对待的事
6. 麻烦事，难事
7. 【哲】斗争性
8. 角逐，抢夺
9. 打架，搏斗，扭打
10. 挣扎脱身

v. 动词

1. 奋斗，努力，奋勉
2. 斗争， 搏斗，对抗，抗争，同...斗争
3. 艰难地行进，奋力前进
4. 挣扎，使劲，竭力，争取
5. 费力搬动或放置
6. 竞争，争夺
7. 争论，辩论
8. 扭打
9. 奋力向…前进，向…挤过去

英英释义

Noun:

1. an energetic attempt to achieve something;

   "getting through the crowd was a real struggle"
   "he fought a battle for recognition"
   

2. an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals);

   "the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph"
   "police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs"
   

3. strenuous effort;

   "the struggle to get through the crowd exhausted her"
   

Verb:

1. make a strenuous or labored effort;

   "She struggled for years to survive without welfare"
   "He fought for breath"
   

2. to exert strenuous effort against opposition;

   "he struggled to get free from the rope"
   

3. climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

4. be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight;

   "the tribesmen fought each other"
   "Siblings are always fighting"
   "Militant groups are contending for control of the country"
   

例句

用作不及物动词 (vi.)

1. He struggled to control his temper.
   他努力控制住自己的脾气。
2. They should therefore unite to struggle together.
   因此,他们要联合起来,共同努力奋斗。
3. Let's join hands and struggle together.
   咱们携起手来共同斗争。
4. People struggle at the dead-line.
   人们在死亡线上挣扎。

用作名词 (n.)

1. He gave up the struggle in despair.
   他绝望地放弃了斗争。
2. He came off very well in the struggle.
   在这场竞争中，他非常成功。
3. After a long struggle, she gained control of the business.
   她经过长期的努力，在业务上已能应付自如。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The bandit struggled desperately.
   那匪徒拼命挣扎。
2. He struggled to the surface as the water dragged him down.
   他从使他下沉的水中竭力挣扎,想浮出水面。
3. It's hard to rescue drowning people because they struggle so much.
   抢救溺水的人很困难,因为他们在水中不停地挣扎。
4. The wounded young man struggled to his feet.
   那位受伤的年轻人挣扎着站了起来。
5. The pony struggled and kicked.
   小马一面挣扎一面踢着。
6. Martin struggled in the dark, without advice, without encouragement.
   马丁在黑暗中挣扎,没有人给他建议及鼓励。
7. He'd rather watch TV than pick up a paper and struggle through it.
   他宁可看电视,而不愿拿起报纸费神地阅读。
8. Two boys are struggling together.
   两个男孩在打架。
9. The two sisters struggled through the snowstorm.
   两姐妹冒着暴风雪前进。
10. She struggled forward for about half a mile.
    她艰难地向前走了大约半英里。

S+～+to- v

1. They were struggling to get out of the broken car.
   他们在努力挣扎着从那辆破车里出来。
2. They struggle to build a more democratic society.
   他们为了建设一个更加民主的社会而努力拼搏。
3. John struggled to pass his final examination.
   约翰努力拼搏以通过这场期末考试。
4. He struggled to control his temper.
   他努力控制自己的脾气。

用作名词 (n.)

1. In the struggle to arrest the thief, the policeman's coat was torn.
   在捕捉小偷的搏斗中,警察的外衣被撕破了。
2. The long struggle between the unions and the government may settle down into an uneasy peace.
   各工会与政府的长期斗争可能会平息,出现不稳定的和解。
3. Three people were hurt in the struggle.
   有3人在搏斗中受了伤。
4. We'll see the struggle against hegemonism through.
   我们将把反霸权主义的斗争坚持到底。
5. This is referred to as “the struggle for existence”.
   这通常称为“生存竞争”。
6. A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
   外国语是人生斗争的一种武器。
7. It was a hard struggle to get my work done in time.
   为使工作按时完成,我作了一番努力。
8. It was a struggle for her to make him understand.
   使他明白对她来说真是件费劲的事。
9. I had a struggle to make myself heard in all the noise.
   我努力使自己在一片喧闹声中被听到。
10. His life was a hard struggle with sickness.
    他一生跟疾病作了艰苦的斗争。
11. After a long struggle, she gained control of the business.
    她经过长期的努力,在业务上已能应付自如。
12. The victim put up a heroic struggle against his assailant.
    那位受害者与攻击者展开了英勇的搏斗。
13. He had lost his struggle to keep his job.
    他竭力保住自己的工作,但失败了。
14. Only the united struggles of the people of the world can check aggression and save peace.
    只有全世界人民的团结斗争能制止侵略,挽救和平。
15. He said that whatever happened he would see the struggle through.
    他说无论怎样他要奋斗到底。

经典引文

• Exhausted by the struggle between ecstasy and remorse.

  出自： P. P. Read

• Arguments and power struggles with my boss.

  出自： H. S. Strean

• A struggle ensued and a..trooper was shot.

  出自：Spin

• They were policemen and Maria was struggling with them as they dragged her over.

  出自： J. T. Story

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

struggle against (v.+prep.)

为反对…而斗争 oppose sth with difficulty
struggle against sb/sth
He struggled against those who opposed his plan.

他与那些反对他计划的人进行了斗争。
In Chinese history the peasants kept struggling against the rule of the feudal class.

在中国历史上,农民不断地与封建阶级的统治作斗争。
What is the use of trying to struggle against the system?

力图反对这种制度有什么用?
The swimmer struggled against the tide.

游泳者逆流而上。
We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs.

我们必须反对这种偏见,以争得对我们的信仰采取更为宽容的态度。
The workers have been struggling against bad conditions for too long.

很久以来,工人们就在为反对恶劣的工作条件而进行斗争。
All his life he has been struggling against injustice.

他一生与不公正现象作斗争。

struggle along¹ (v.+adv.)

艰难地生活 be able to live with difficultyWe struggled along for many years until things got better.在情况好转前,我们一直艰难地过了好多年。

struggle along² (v.+prep.)

挣扎着沿…前进 move forward along sth with difficulty
struggle along sth
The old man struggled along the road to his home.

老人挣扎着往家里走去。

struggle for (v.+prep.)

为…而斗争 try to obtain sth from sb with difficulty, as by fighting
struggle for sth
The two men were struggling for the gun for several minutes.

这两人为那支枪争夺了好几分钟。
The two men have been struggling for the leadership since last year.

这两人从去年起一直在争当领导。
Most animals have to struggle for existence in a dangerous world.

大多数动物得在一个充满危险的世界上为生存而竞争。
In the old days we had to struggle for our daily bread.

在旧社会我们得为糊口而挣扎。
We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.

我们应当帮助那些仍然为独立而斗争的人。
Our task is to struggle for the modernization of our industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology.

我们的任务是为实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化而斗争。

struggle in (v.+prep.)

在(某处)打架或挣扎 fight or make awkward movements in (sth such as a place or material)
struggle in sth
I struggled in the snow, trying to make my way forward.

我在雪地里挣扎着,想继续前进。
We all have to struggle in life.

在生活中我们都得斗争。

struggle on (v.+adv.)

挣扎着(生活)下去 continue to live although with difficulty
struggle on
Life was harsh for the first settlers in America , but they struggled on.

对于第一批定居美洲大陆的人们来说,生活是非常艰苦的,但他们设法坚持了下来。
Whatever the trouble is, we have to struggle on with our lives, we have no choice.

不管有多难,我们也得挣扎着活下去,除此别无选择。
It's not easy for him to study a foreign language at such an advanced age, but he struggles on.

他这么大岁数还学习外语,不是件容易的事,但他还是坚持下来了。

struggle out (v.+adv.)

挣扎着出来〔去〕 leave a place with difficulty
struggle out of sth
One by one, the insects struggled out of the smoke-filled hole.

一个接一个的虫子从满是浓烟的洞里挣扎着爬出来。
She struggled out of the net which had trapped her.

她从陷入的网中挣扎出来。

struggle with (v.+prep.)

在内心与(自己,自己的良心等)进行斗争 have an inner battle with (oneself, one's conscience, etc.)
struggle with sb/sth
The shopkeeper struggled with the thief.

店主与小偷搏斗。
Don't struggle with a man who attacks you, you've no hope of winning and it will only make matters worse.

如果有人打你,你不要和他打,你没有打赢的希望,只会把事情弄得更糟。
He struggled with his assailants and eventually drove them off.

他同攻击者搏斗,最终将他们赶走了。
The dog struggled fiercely with the wild cat.

狗和野猫猛烈厮打。
All his life he has been struggling with illness.

他的一生都在与疾病作斗争。 struggle with oneself/sth
After struggling with myself for some days,I decided to accept his offer.

经过好几天的思想斗争,我决定接受他的求婚。
You could almost see him struggling with his conscience before he chose to tell the truth.

在他最后决定说出实情前,你简直能看见他内心在激烈地斗争。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• struggle bravely 勇敢地斗争
• struggle desperately 拼命地斗争,绝望地挣扎
• struggle furiously 激烈地搏斗
• struggle successfully 成功地作斗争
• struggle wildly 疯狂地挣扎
• struggle on 勉强支持下去,竭力维持下去

～+介词

• struggle against 与…作斗争
• struggle against difficulties 同困难斗争
• struggle against tyranny 与暴政作斗争
• struggle for 为…而斗争
• struggle for a living 为生计而挣扎
• struggle for freedom 为自由而斗争
• struggle for independence 为独立而奋斗
• struggle for recognition 为获得承认而奋斗
• struggle in sb's arms (小孩)在母亲怀里挣扎
• struggle through the snowstorm 冒着暴风雪行进
• struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
• struggle with 与…作斗争

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• carry on a struggle 进行斗争
• go on the struggle 坚持斗争
• lead the struggle 领导斗争
• put up a struggle 进行斗争
• wage a struggle 进行斗争

形容词+～

• bitter struggle 艰苦的斗争
• ceaseless struggle 不停的斗争
• desperate struggle 垂死挣扎
• dying struggle 垂死挣扎
• fierce struggle 激烈的斗争
• frantic struggle 疯狂的挣扎
• internecine struggle 自相残杀的斗争
• life-and-death struggle 生死斗争
• unending struggle 不停的斗争
• unrelenting struggle 不屈不挠的斗争
• violent struggle 激烈的斗争

名词+～

• class struggle 阶级斗争

介词+～

• in struggle 在斗争中
• be locked in struggle 斗得难解难分

～+介词

• struggle against 与…的斗争
• struggle against poverty 与贫困的斗争
• struggle for 为…的斗争
• struggle for justice 为正义的斗争
• struggle to the death 殊死的斗争
• struggle with 与…的斗争
• struggle with one's conscience 同自己良心的斗争

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. struggle的基本意思是“奋斗”,即为实现某一目的而尽力做某事。常指遇到有力的反抗而在逆境中拼搏或努力从束缚中解脱出来。有时含有“挣扎”的意味。
2. struggle也可表示“(与某人)争斗,搏斗,打斗”,还可表示“艰难地(朝某方向)行进”。
3. struggle是不及物动词,与介词against连用,表示“同与之对立或对抗的人或物进行斗争”; 与介词for连用,表示“为…而斗争”。
4. struggle可接动词不定式作目的状语。

n. (名词)

1. struggle的基本意思是“斗争”,表示抽象的行为,用作不可数名词; 表示具体的“打斗,搏斗,战斗,斗争”时,可用作可数名词。
2. struggle作“努力,奋斗”解时,一般用单数形式。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

struggle against, struggle with

• 这两者都有“反抗”的意思。其区别是：
• struggle against指在艰苦的环境下奋起反抗或斗争; struggle with指试图控制或征服对方。

struggle, fight

• 这两个词都有“斗争”的意思。其区别在于:fight的含义具体,也可指为某一目标而斗争,但多指真刀真枪地搏斗; struggle的含义抽象,指在逆境中拼搏,以期达到某种目的。例如:
• We must struggle difficulties.我们必须与困难作斗争。
• Martin struggled in the dark, without advice, without encouragement.马丁在黑暗中挣扎,没有人给他出主意,没有人给他鼓励。

battle，war，campaign，struggle，warfare，fight，combat，engagement

• 这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。
• battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
• war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。
• campaign通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。
• struggle指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。
• warfare侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。
• fight最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。
• combat泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。
• engagement指交战，交火。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他们和饥饿苦斗,渡过了难关。

   误 They struggled to hunger and passed the hardship.

   正 They struggled against hunger and passed the hardship.

   析 struggle against是固定用法,意为“和…斗争,苦斗”,其中against不能改为to。

n. (名词)

1. 这只猫挣扎着想得到自由。

   误 The cat made struggle to get free.

   正 The cat made a struggle to get free.

2. 什么是工作?工作就是斗争。

   误 What is work?Work is a struggle.

   正 What is work?Work is struggle.

   析 struggle表达具体化的“斗争,挣扎”时,其前可加不定冠词a。struggle用来表示抽象化概念的“斗争,挣扎”时,前面通常不加不定冠词a。

3. 在抓小偷的战斗中,警察的外套被撕破了。

   误 In the struggle of arresting the thief the policeman's coat was torn.

   正 In the struggle to arrest the thief the policeman's coat was torn.

   析 当 struggle 为名词作“战斗”或“斗争”解时,它后面往往跟动词不定式作定语,不用“of+ v -ing”的形式。

4. 数千年来,宗教与科学经常在发生冲突。

   误 Religion and science have been in constant struggle for thousands of years.

   正 Religion and science have been in constant conflict for thousands of years.

   析 宗教同科学是信仰和思想上的冲突,不是行为上的“争斗”,应该用conflict而不能使用struggle。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古北欧语的strugr，意为恶意。

近反义词

【近义词】

• fight
• oppose
• strive
• affray
• battle
• clash
• conflict
• contest
• encounter
• fight
• attempt
• endeavor
• essay
• exertion
• labor
• try