include

英 [ɪn'kluːd] 美 [ɪn'kluːd]

• vt. 包括；包含；列入

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 包括,包含

   have as a part; contain in addition to other parts

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 包括，包含
2. 算入，列为...的一部分，加进
3. 包住，关住
4. <废>监禁，禁闭
5. 将...考虑在内
6. 列举，罗列

英英释义

Verb:

1. have as a part, be made up out of;

   "The list includes the names of many famous writers"
   

2. consider as part of something;

   "I include you in the list of culprits"
   

3. add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category;

   "We must include this chemical element in the group"
   

4. allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of;

   "admit someone to the profession"
   "She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar"
   

例句

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. His writings include poetry and prose.
   他的作品包括诗和散文。
2. The graphic arts include calligraphy and lithography.
   平面造型艺术包括书法和平版印刷术。
3. Is service included in the bill?
   帐单中包含服务费吗？
4. Please include me in the list.
   请把我列入名单中。
5. My job doesn't include making coffee for the boss!
   为老板煮咖啡不是我份内的事！

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.
   他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗理论。
2. We watched a performance which included a puppet show and acrobatics.
   我们观看了一场演出,内容有木偶和杂技。
3. Our text￣book includes eight stories, two short plays and two essays.
   我们的课本包括8篇故事,2篇短剧和2篇杂文。
4. This package contains 500 sheets of notepaper and among them are included 400 of white paper and 100 of yellow.
   这包内装有500页纸,其中400页白纸和100页黄纸。
5. The South China Sea Islands include more than 200 islands, sand cays, reefs and banks.
   我国南海诸岛包括200多个岛礁和沙滩。
6. Great Britain includes England,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.
   大不列颠包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
7. The Chinese nation includes more than 50 ethnic minorities besides the Hans.
   中华民族除了汉族外,还包括五十多个少数民族。
8. Other exhibits include precision instruments and chemical products.
   其他展品有精密仪器、化工产品等等。
9. The grammer lessons include over 80 sentence patterns.
   语法部分的课文,包括80多个句式。
10. A host should try to include all his guests in the conversation.
    主人应当设法叫所有的客人都参加谈话。
11. We include a refill with every ballpointed pen we sell.
    我们出售的每支圆珠笔都带有一个备用笔芯。
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12. These people cannot be included in the United Front.
    这些人当然不能包括在统一战线之内。
13. The expenses of the journey are included in the account.
    旅行的各种费用都包括在费用内。
14. An order form was included with the prospectus.
    订单附在说明书上。

S+～+ v -ing

1. Her duties include sending and receiving letters.
   她的职责包括收发信件。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron.+prep. -phrase

1. I include you among my friends.
   我把你看作朋友。
2. I included eggs on the list of things to buy.
   我把鸡蛋列在购物单上。
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3. You are included among my friends.
   你是我的朋友之一。
4. These works are included among the great English novels.
   这些作品是英国小说杰作的一部分。

经典引文

• A power of appointment..includes a right to appoint..absolutely.

  出自： W. Cruise

• Nor is it true that bananas include moisture as well as sustenance.

  出自： V. Woolf

• An underground organization which had included almost every human being he had ever known.

  出自： G. Orwell

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• include absolutely 绝对包含
• include artificially 虚假地包含
• include categorically 明确地包含
• include chiefly 主要包含
• include completely 完全包含
• include complexly 复杂地包含
• include comprehensively 广泛地包含
• include creatively 具有创造性的包含
• include crudely 天然地包含
• include deliberately 故意包含
• include diligently 大量地包含
• include entirely 完全地包含
• include explicitly 清楚地包含
• include generally 普遍包含
• include imperfectly 不完全包含
• include impossibly 不可能包含
• include incompetently 不适当地包含
• include largely 主要包含
• include logically 合理地包含
• include materially 实质性包含
• include mutually 相互包含
• include needlessly 不必要地包含
• include officially 正式包含
• include originally 最初包含
• include parenthetically 附带包含
• include partially 部分包含
• include particularly 尤其包含
• include partly 部分包含
• include philosophically 富有哲理地包含
• include probably 可能包含
• include radically 根本上包含
• include superficially 表面上包含
• include systematically 系统地包含
• include ultimately 最终包含
• include unexpectedly 出乎意外地包含
• include unquestionably 肯定包含
• include utterly 完全包含
• include wholly 整体包含

词语用法

2. include后接的宾语可能指整体，也可能指一部分。

   The body includes five men and four women.
   The body includes four women.

3. comprise同include的比较：表示出什么问题时，comprise常表示整体内容出错，而include只是其中的一个被允许或是出现的小部分出错。用include时，一般不会假设它包含了全部或者时大部分的内容，但是用comprise时，确认列表上的全部的信息都会被包含进去。

v. (动词)

1. include的基本意思是“包含”“包括”,其宾语经常是构成整体的一部分,有时也可以指构成整体的全部。
2. include不用于进行体中。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

include, involve

• 这组词的共同意思是“包含”“包括”。其区别是：
• 1.involve所指的事物往往是抽象的,而include所指的事物则可以是抽象的,也可以是具体的。
• 2.involve指必然包括某种结果,而include则指包括属于整体的部分。
• 3.include可详细罗列内容,也可只列举其中一二,而involve则没有此用法。

contain，include，embrace，involve，comprehend，hold，comprise

• 这些动词均含有“包括，包含”之意。
• contain普通用词，所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容。强调包容关系。既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西。
• include普通用词，指一整体包含着各独立的部分，也指某东西包含另一东西的某一部分。
• embrace正式用词，指把某事物纳入整个之中。
• involve指包含因整体的性质决定的成分或结果。所包括的往往是无形的，不可触知的东西，多用作引申。
• comprehend正式用词，指包含在整体范围以内。
• hold常和contain换用。指能够容纳或有足够的容纳量。强调包容能力。
• comprise书面用词，暗指一个整体包括不同部分所组成，可与include交换使用。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 我们大学有23个系,包括两个研究所。

   误 Our university consists of 23 departments, included two research institutes.

   正 Our university consists of 23 departments, including two research institutes.

   正 Our university consists of 23 departments, two research institutes included.

   析 include放在其宾语之前,构成动宾结构就要用表示主动意义的现在分词; 如果include放在其宾语之后,作宾语的后置定语,构成被动关系的主谓结构就用表示被动意义的过去分词。

2. 我发现目前这个计划包含了我绝大多数的建议。

   误 I find that now the plan is including most of my suggestions.

   正 I find that now the plan includes most of my suggestions.

   析 include属于静态动词(static verbs)一类,表示状态,所以不能用进行时态。

3. 她的职责应包括寻找这一学科的参考书目。

   误 Her duties include to find out a bibliography of the subject.

   正 Her duties include finding out a bibliography of the subject.

   析 include不接动词不定式作宾语,但可接动名词短语。

词源解说

• ☆ 1400年左右进入英语，直接源自古典拉丁语的includere，意为关，插入。

近反义词

【近义词】

• add
• comprehend
• comprise
• contain
• cover
• embrace

【反义词】

• exclude
• ignore