back

英 [bæk] 美 [bæk]

• n. 后面；背脊；靠背；后背；后卫
• vt. 支持；后退
• adv. 向后地
• adj. 向后的；后面的；偏远的；过时的；积欠的

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [S]后部,反面

   part or surface of an object that is furthest from the front; part that is less used, less visible or less important

2. [C]背,背部

   rear part of the human body from the neck to the buttocks

3. [C]椅背

   part of a chair against which a seated person's back rests; part of a garment covering the back

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. (使)后退,(使)倒退

   (cause to) go backward

2. vt. 支持

   support

adj. (形容词)

1. [A]后边的

   situated behind

2. [A]过去的,过期的

   of or for a past time

3. [A]迟交的,欠交的

   owed for a time in the past; overdue

4. [A]后元音的

   (of a vowel) formed at the back of the mouth

adv. (副词)

1. 往后,在后面

   towards or at the rear; away from the front or centre

2. 控制住,忍住

   under control

3. 恢复; 上溯

   in an earlier position, condition or stage; into the past

4. 回报

   in return

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 背
2. 后部，后面
3. 末尾
4. 背脊，脊
5. 靠背
6. 后卫，后卫球员
7. 椅背
8. 反面，里面
9. 体力
10. 甲
11. 【造船】(船的)龙骨
12. 衬垫
13. 底座

adv. 副词

1. 向后
2. 以前，从前
3. 回原处，在原处
4. 归，还
5. 退，倒，后退地
6. 追溯，往回
7. 止住
8. 延缓
9. 回，返
10. 回复原状
11. 在后面
12. 向背面
13. 回头

adj. 形容词

1. 偏僻的
2. 过去的
3. 到期未付的，拖欠的
4. 向后的，向后动的
5. 过期的
6. 【语】舌根音的
7. 后部的，背部的，后面的
8. 边远的，边陲的
9. 回程的
10. 逆的
11. 落后的

v. 动词

1. 后退，倒退，退后
2. 支持
3. 打赌，下睹注于
4. 使倒退，使后退
5. 援助，赞助，帮助，资助
6. 裱褙，裱（画）
7. 背书
8. 避免（做讨厌的事）
9. 放弃
10. 逆行
11. 反（时针）转
12. 来来去去，翻来覆去
13. 给...装背衬，给...加衬里，作…的衬里
14. 装上（椅）背
15. 作的背景
16. 给...做后援
17. 怂恿
18. 【海】（风）逆时针转向
19. 伴奏，伴奏
20. 在…背后加固
21. 位于（某物）的后面，站在后面
22. 衬托
23. 背朝
24. 由于对手的差错而进入（有利地位）

英英释义

Noun:

1. the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine;

   "his back was nicely tanned"
   

2. the side that goes last or is not normally seen;

   "he wrote the date on the back of the photograph"
   

3. the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer;

   "he stood at the back of the stage"
   "it was hidden in the rear of the store"
   

4. (football) a person who plays in the backfield

5. the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord;

   "the fall broke his back"
   

6. the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book;

   "the book had a leather binding"
   

7. the part of a garment that covers the back of your body;

   "they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back"
   

8. a support that you can lean against while sitting;

   "the back of the dental chair was adjustable"
   

9. (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage

Adjective:

1. related to or located at the back;

   "the back yard"
   "the back entrance"
   

2. located at or near the back of an animal;

   "back (or hind) legs"
   "the hinder part of a carcass"
   

3. of an earlier date;

   "back issues of the magazine"
   

Adverb:

1. in or to or toward a former location;

   "she went back to her parents' house"
   

2. at or to or toward the back or rear;

   "he moved back"
   "tripped when he stepped backward"
   "she looked rearward out the window of the car"
   

3. in or to or toward an original condition;

   "he went back to sleep"
   

4. in or to or toward a past time;

   "set the clocks back an hour"
   "never look back"
   "lovers of the past looking fondly backward"
   

5. in reply;

   "he wrote back three days later"
   

6. in repayment or retaliation;

   "we paid back everything we had borrowed"
   "he hit me and I hit him back"
   "I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher"
   

Verb:

1. be behind; approve of;

   "He plumped for the Labor Party"
   "I backed Kennedy in 1960"
   

2. travel backward;

   "back into the driveway"
   "The car backed up and hit the tree"
   

3. give support or one's approval to;

   "I'll second that motion"
   "I can't back this plan"
   "endorse a new project"
   

4. cause to travel backward;

   "back the car into the parking spot"
   

5. support financial backing for;

   "back this enterprise"
   

6. be in back of;

   "My garage backs their yard"
   

7. place a bet on;

   "Which horse are you backing?"
   "I'm betting on the new horse"
   

8. shift to a counterclockwise direction;

   "the wind backed"
   

9. establish as valid or genuine;

   "Can you back up your claims?"
   

10. strengthen by providing with a back or backing

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. Three people can sit in the back of this car.
   这车的后座可坐3个人。
2. It encouraged him to talk because his back had stiffened in the night and it hurt truly now.
   他靠说话来鼓劲,因为他的背脊在夜里变得僵直,眼下真痛得厉害。
3. You'll make your back ache if you carry those heavy buckets.
   如果你背那些沉重的桶，你的背会痛的。
4. John plays back in the team.
   约翰在这个队打后卫。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. I'll back you up no matter what's happening.
   不论发生什么事,我都会支持你。
2. I found no evidence to back your interpretation.
   我找不到证据来支持你的解释。
3. You'll have to back the car up into the garage.
   你得倒车，开进车库。
4. He refused to back away from his position.
   他拒绝放弃自己的立场。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. Slacken your legs and slowly lie back.
   放松双腿, 慢慢向后躺下。
2. Stand back! You're stepping on my toes.
   向后站！你踩在我的脚趾头上了。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The kangaroo uses its back legs to jump.
   袋鼠是用牠的后脚在跳。
2. I bought some back issues of science magazines yesterday.
   昨天我买了几本过期的科学杂志。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. There used to be a big and beautiful garden at the back of their house.
   以前在他们房子的后方是一个大花园。
2. There is a lot of useful information at the back of this dictionary.
   这本词典的后面附有很多有用的信息。
3. The last time I bought from a market trader I was given rotten fruit from the back of the pile.
   上次我在集市上买东西,小贩卖给我的是从水果堆后面拣出的烂水果。
4. I've got a sore place in my back.
   我背上有个地方痛。
5. He likes sitting in the back of the class.
   他一直喜欢坐在教室的后排。
6. Some fishes have gills on the back.
   一些鱼背上有刺。
7. There is a bird on the back of a piece of cloth.
   一块布的反面有一只鸟。
8. You write the address on the front of an envelope, not on the back of it.
   你把地址写在信封正面,而不是反面。
9. I am afraid my report for the past year is not a very cheerful one, it is the story of one calamity on the back of another.
   恐怕我关于去年的报告不令人愉快,那是一个接一个的灾难故事。
10. The little boy was dozing with his back against the chair.
    那个小男孩正靠在椅子上打盹。
11. Did you paint the back of the bookcase?
    你漆过书橱的背面吗?
12. My home lies back of the school.
    我家就在学校后面。
13. One of the backs was hurt in the match.
    其中一名后卫受了伤。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The horse backed suddenly.
   马突然向后倒退。
2. Don't back off.
   别打退堂鼓。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. I hope you will back my thought.
   我希望你能支持我的想法。
2. Can you back your story with facts?
   你能举出事实来证明你的话吗?
3. You could back the dress with silk.
   你可以给这件衣服加丝绸衬里。
1
4. All our books have now been backed.
   现在我们的书全部都包上了书皮。

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. On the back wall there is a map of China.
   后墙上有一幅中国地图。
2. He came through the back door.
   他从后门进来。
3. Does the back door have a lock on it?
   后门上锁没有?
4. He sat in a back seat in the car.
   他坐在车的后座上。
5. There is something wrong with the back wheels of the truck.
   卡车的后轮出了故障。
6. He clawed his way up from the back streets of Glasgow.
   他是从格拉斯哥的穷街陋巷里爬上来的。
7. The war is all back history now, and our two countries are good friends.
   这场战争已成为过去的历史,我们两国现在是友邦了。
8. He owed three months' back rent.
   他欠了3个月的租金。

用作副词 (adv.)

用作状语

1. The crowd fell back to let the fire engine through.
   人群向后退去,以便给消防车让路。
2. Our army forced the enemy to fall back.
   我军迫使敌军撤退。
3. I bent back too far and hurt my neck.
   我向后仰得过度了,扭伤了脖子。
4. I hope you'll never change back from the person you have recently become.
   你最近跟过去判若两人,我希望你不要故态复萌。
5. Students have no way of getting back at a teacher who marks their work unfairly.
   学生无法报复评分不公道的老师。
6. The sight of the garden bears back the days when we lived in Paris.
   见到那个花园使我们回想起当年住在巴黎时的日子。
7. It was he who bore back the latest news.
   是他带回了最新的消息。

用作表语

1. He will be back before the month is out.
   他将在月底前回来。
2. He is sure to be back soon.
   他不久一定会回来。
3. I shall be back this evening.I'm not sure what train.
   我今晚回去,但说不准哪趟火车。
4. After a year in the hospital, he's back in circulation.
   住了一年医院之后,他又活跃起来了。

用作宾语补足语

1. That smell of freshly baked bread carries me back!
   新烤面包的气味使我忆起往事!
2. May I borrow your pen?I'll bring it back tomorrow.
   我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗?我明天还。
3. Don't bend the book back, you'll damage it.
   别向后卷书,会弄坏的。
4. Would you carry the chairs back into the house for me?
   你能替我把这些椅子送回那个屋子里吗?

经典引文

• Down his back from his mane to his tail went a line of black.

  出自： O. Henry

• She stood with her back against the door feeling the brass handle press against a bone in her spine.

  出自： A. Schlee

• A small flat back claw, or toe.

  出自： J. Ray

• Coming unexpectedly from a back parlour into the shop.

  出自： L. Sterne

• A little morocco box, which..contained the Major's back teeth.

  出自： Thackeray

• The bomber..might have to travel only 50 miles..to the back areas of the German Army to bomb dumps.sssss J. le Carr&eacusc;

  出自： E. C. Shepherd

• They sat over a pot of tea in the back kitchen.

  出自： F. Forsyth

• The ashler walls were backed..with rubble stone, or with bricks.

  出自： J. Smeaton

• The angel of the Lord rolled back the stone.

  出自：Bible (AV): Matthew

• Back, beardless boy! Back, minion!

  出自： Sir W. Scott

• I sort of brushed my hair back with my hand.

  出自： J. D. Salinger

• Looking back when at the gate.

  出自： P. Porter

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

at the back of

支持 support

at the back of mind

在内心中 in one's thoughts, but without being of immediate or central concern

back be to the wall

处于绝境 in difficulties with no retreat

back to back

背靠背 back against back

back to front

前后颠倒 with the back placed where the front should be

back to the drawing-board

一切从头再来 restarting from the beginning

be on one's back

取笑〔烦扰〕某人 annoy, hinder or persecute sb

behind one's back

背着某人 without sb's knowledge or consent

break the back of

解决了最艰难的部分 finish the more or most difficult part of sth

get on sb's back

找某人的麻烦 persecute sb

like the back of a bus

难看的,丑陋的 ugly

like the back of one's hand

熟悉 intimately

pat on the back

对…表示赞扬 praise
pat sb/oneself on the back
It can be very embarrassing to have to listen to someone patting you on the back in public.

不得已而需要在大庭广众之下听人赞扬自己会使你很窘。
Her performance wasn't so wonderful—I don't know what cause she has to pat herself on the back.

她的表演并不怎么精彩——我不知道她有什么理由自鸣得意。
The first minutes of his speech consisted mainly of patting himself on the back.

他发言的前几分钟主要是自吹自擂。

put one's back into

竭尽全力 make a strenuous effort

stay on sb's back

纠缠 be in a tangle

turn one's back on

背弃 abandon; deliberately ignore

you scratch my back and I will scratch yours

为了与己方便而给某人以方便; 投之以桃,报之以李 you do me a favour and I will do you one in return

用作动词 (v.)

back away( v.+adv. )

不愿考虑 be unwilling to consider an idea
back away
The crowd backed away to let the wounded man pass through.

人群向后退,让受伤的人通过。 back away from sth
The child backed away from the fierce dog.

那孩子害怕那只恶狗,直往后退。 back away from sth
I could see she was backing away from the idea.

我看得出来她不愿考虑这一意见。

back down ( v. + adv. )

退让,退回去,撤销(要求等) accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong
back down
I saw that she was right, so I had to back down.

我看到她是正确的,所以我只好放弃原来的主张。

back into( v. + prep. )

(使)倒进… (cause to) move back into sth
back into sth
Be careful when you back into the garage, the doorway is very narrow.

你把车倒入车库时要小心,门道很窄。 back sth into sth
Next you must learn how to back a car into a parking space.

下一步你应该学会如何把车倒入停车的空地。

back onto( v. + prep. )

后面是,背靠着 be near to or have at the back
back onto sth
Our house backs onto a piece of woodland.

我们的房屋后面是一块林地。
We chose this house because the garden backs onto the tennis courts.

我们选择这一住宅是因为它的花园背靠着网球场。

back out( v. + adv. )

不遵守(诺言、合同等),改变主意 fail to fulfil a promise, contract, etc.; change an idea
back out
I hope I can depend on you not to back out at the last moment.

我希望能信赖你不至于在最后关头撒手不干。
Please don't try to back out now that everything's been arranged.

既然一切都已安排妥当,请不要试图改变主意。
You said you would go; you can't back out now.

你答应要去,你不能食言啊! back out of sth
He would like to back out of the contract, but we can't allow it.

他想取消这个合同,但是我们不能答应。

back up( v. + adv. )

复制 make a copy of
back sb/sth ⇔ up
The policeman wouldn't have believed me if you hadn't backed me up.

如果当时没有你的支持,警察是不会相信我的。
He backed up his arguments with facts.

他以事实支持自己的论点。 back sth ⇔ up
The flood water from the storm backed up the pipes.

暴雨引起的洪水堵塞了管道。 back up
You'll have to back up and turn around.

你将不得不往后退并转身。 back sth ⇔ up
Make sure you back up the disk before you turn the computer off.

在你关机之前要确定磁盘已存档。

用作形容词 (adj.)

take a back seat

居于次要的地位; 知趣靠边 adopt an inconspicuous position or role

through the back door

走后门,通过不正当的秘密途径 in an unofficial way; indirectly

用作副词 (adv.)

answer back

参见answer条。

back and forth

来回地 from one place to another and back again repeatedly

get one's own back

报复have one's revenge

go back on one's word

参见go条。

hold back

参见hold条。

keep back

参见keep条。

pay back

参见pay条。

there and back

往返,来回 to a place and back again

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• break one's back 拼命干,尽最大努力
• break the back of sth 完成某事最艰难的部分
• get sb's back up 触怒某人
• get off sb's back 不再找某人的麻烦
• give sb one's back 不理睬某人
• have one's back to the wall 陷入绝境
• lean one's back against the wall 以背靠墙
• put one's back into sth 孜孜不倦地做某事
• see the back of 赶走,撵走
• sit in the back 坐在后面
• turn one's back on 对…掉头不顾,轻视

介词+～

• at sb's back 幕后支持
• at the back 在后部
• at the back of one's mind 在脑中酝酿
• behind sb's back 瞒着某人
• from the back 从后面
• in the back (of) 在(…的)后部
• in the back of the book 书后的附录中
• in the back of one's mind 下意识地,潜意识地
• lie on one's back 仰卧
• on one's back 仰天而卧,用背驮
• on the back of a magazine 杂志的封底上

～+介词

• back to back 背靠背
• stand back to back 背对背站着

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• back agilely 机敏地支持
• back consistently 一贯支持
• back contemptuously 傲慢地支持
• back deliberately 故意支持
• back discreetly 谨慎地支持
• back strongly 坚决支持
• back down 退出
• back off 后退,放弃
• back out 不遵守
• back up 支持,堵塞,后退

～+介词

• back against 面对,反对
• back by sb's influence 在某人权势的支持下
• back away from 从…避开
• back into the garage 倒进车库
• back onto 背朝着
• back through the gate 倒出大门
• back dress with silk 用绸布做衣服衬里

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• back door 后门
• back seats 后座
• back vowels 后元音
• back yard 后院

用作副词 (adv.)

动词+～

• answer back 反驳，回嘴，顶嘴；还击
• bite back 很快忍住说出(秘密或冒犯他人的话)
• blink back one's tears 用眨眼来抑制泪水
• bounce back (失意后)恢复，回升
• bring back 带回；归还；使回忆起；恢复
• bring back to health 使恢复健康
• bring back to life 使恢复生命
• call back 回电话；叫回
• carry...back (to) 使回想起
• choke back 忍住，抑制
• claim back (from) 要求收回，索回
• come back 回来；又流行起来；恢复记忆；想起来；(指制度、法律)恢复
• cut back 修剪；缩减
• date back to 追溯到
• double back (为躲避追捕)原路返回；折叠起来，对折
• draw back (from) 引开，拉开，缩回；撤回，取消；(比赛中)超越
• drive back 迫使…后退；驾车返回
• drop back 落后；后撤
• fall back 后退，退却
• fall back on〔upon〕 求助于，依赖
• feed back (to) 反馈回…
• fold back 折叠，折起
• get back 回来，回到；失而复得；取回，恢复原位；对…报复
• get back into circulation 重新恢复正常生活
• get back into harness 病愈后重新工作
• get back to 返回
• give back 归还；恢复(视力、自由等)；反射出，照出
• go back on (one's word) 背弃；食言
• go back to 返回，归还，退回；重做某事，重操旧业；(冬令制)把钟表调回；追溯，时光返回到
• hand back (to) 交还；物归原主
• hang back 犹豫；退缩
• have back 收回(被借走、偷走等之)某物；允许(分手的配偶等)返回
• hold back 阻止前进；控制；抑制；(由于谨慎、害怕而)犹豫，踌躇；保留，扣住(不发表)，保密
• keep back (from) 保持一定距离，克制住，挡住；隐瞒住，不让知道；扣留；留住；不付
• lie back 往后靠坐；放松
• look back (on) 回顾
• pay back 归还；还清；报复
• play back 放，放送(唱片、磁带等)
• pull back 撤退，撤回
• push back 逼迫；使撤退；把…推回原处
• put...back 把…放回原处；倒拨时钟；使(日期)推迟；放慢；延迟；阻止
• put the clock back 倒行逆施；开倒车
• read...back 读出(信息内容等)以供核对
• refer...back (to) (将文件等)退回、交回给…予以某种处理；重新提及
• report back (to) 归来报到；作调查汇报
• ring back 再打电话；回电话
• roll back (使)卷起来；把(录音带等)卷回；(浪潮)退落；撤退，击退；(过去的时光)返回
• run back 倒卷，倒回(影片、录音带等)
• run back over 回顾；再次审议
• send back (因不满意)送回，退还(商品或饭菜)
• set back 耽误，阻碍进展；使…破费；使(建筑物)坐落在离开…一定的距离
• settle back 安坐在椅子里
• shrink back (from) (由于害怕)畏缩；退缩
• sit back 在一旁闲着，袖手旁观
• spring back 弹回
• stand back 位于离…有一段距离的地方；保持距离以便更好地理解或判断；拒绝介入；退出
• step back 后退
• take back 使回来；归来；同意接受退货；重新任命被解职者；收回，撤回
• take sb back (to) 使某人回想起
• talk back 回嘴，顶嘴
• think back on 回想，回忆
• think back to 回想，回忆
• throw back 扔回；揭去，拉开；阻击，耽误，击退；(责备地)向…重提
• throw back on 迫使…依靠
• trace back (to) 追溯；回溯
• turn back (使)折回，往回走
• whip back 迅速返回或弹回
• win back 赢回，夺回
• wind back (磁带)倒带；(胶卷)倒卷

词语用法

2. again同back的意思相近，但用法不同：back与动词连用时，作为副词，常指退回到前一个状态，或是从与之前相反的状态返回去，而again不可这样用。again与动词连用时，表示“重复，再一次”。注意sell back和sell again的不同，前者是卖回给同一个人，后者是再次卖，卖给不同的人。当动词本身指“退回，返回”的意思时，不可再用back，而可以用again加强“退回，返回”的意思。在副词+动词+介词结构中，back和again都表示“回到上一状态”。

   Give me my watch back.(NOT Give me my watch again.)

   Can you play it again?

   The bike you sold me is too small.
   If we buy this house and then have to move somewhere else, how easy will it be to sell it again?

   Stefan can never return to his country (again).

   I stood up, and then I sat (back) down (again).

3. back可以用在动词和主语之间，而again则不可以。

   Take back your money.
   Count the money again, please.(NOT Count again the money.)

4. back and forth，backwards and forwards以及to and fro意思相似，美国人常用第一种表达方式，而英国人习惯用后两种表达方式；
5. back of同in back of有“在……后面”的意思，美国人常用，前者比后者使用普遍；
6. back有时指“拖欠着的”，常见的搭配有back pay/salary（欠薪），back rent（欠租），back taxes（欠税）等；
7. 注意as far back as the fifteenth century中第2个as后没有in。

n. (名词)

1. back用作名词的基本意思是表示人的“背；背部”和表示某物的“后面；后部”。引申可作“椅背”“后襟”等解。用于球类运动则指“后卫”。
2. back作“后面”“背面”“反面”解时用单数形式,其前须加定冠词the。在表示较近的“后面,背面”时用on the back of；在表示较远的“后面”时用at the back of(范围之外)或in the back of(范围之内)，在美式英语中at〔in〕可省略。

v. (动词)

1. back的基本意思是“(使)后退”,指某人或某物回到原来的位置或状态。有时引申可表示“支持”,即“作后盾”。
2. back可用作及物动词或不及物动词,用作及物动词时接名词或代词作简单宾语。

adj. (形容词)

1. back表示位置或方向时意思是“后面的,往后的”。也可表示时间作“过去的,过期的”“迟交的,欠交的”解,在句中只用作定语。
2. back在语音学中也可作“后元音的”解。
3. back在句中只用作定语,不用于比较等级。

adv. (副词)

1. back用作副词的基本意思是“往后,在后面”,也可引申表示“忍住”“恢复”或“上溯”。
2. back常修饰动态动词(如不及物动词go, come, get,及物动词bring, get, take等),在句中作状语,也可用作表语。
3. back和be连用可引申表示“恢复”; back和beat, hit, fight等动词连用可表示“打退”。
4. back作“来回；向后”解时一般不与turn连用。
5. 注意如果动词本身已经表达了“相反动作”的意思,就不能再用back。
6. back用作副词时不用于比较等级。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

at the back of, in the back of

• 这两个短语的意思相近,都是“在…后面”的意思。其区别在于:
• 1.at the back of指在某地方之外的后面部分; in the back of的意思是指在某地方之内的后面部分。
• 2.at the back of也可引申为“支持”“在…印象中”,而in the back of没有此义。

turn one's back on, turn one's back to

• 两者不同义,前者含有轻蔑的感情色彩,而后者没有这种色彩。例如:
• In the old society, the rich always turned their back on the poor.在旧社会,富人总是瞧不起穷人。
• But Jack has turned his back to the trouble over it.可杰克并不把这件麻烦事放在心里。

下面两句意思不同:

• Stand back, please.
• 请往后站。
• Stand behind, please.
• 请在后面站着。

下面两句意思不同:

• We all wish to see her back.
• 我们都希望见到她回来。
• We all wish to see the back of her.
• 我们都希望她快点离开。
• 前者用于直义,后者则含有“巴不得离去”的意味。

v. (动词)

back away, back off

• 这两个短语的共同意思是“后退”,一般说可以互换,特别是指“因害怕而后退”。而在表示“后退(让出地方)”时,含义略有差异, back away强调目的,即“为让出地方而后退”,而back off则强调结果,即“因后退而让出了地方”。

back down, back off

• 这两个短语的共同意思是“放弃论点、观点或权利”,其差别在于back off主要用于美式英语。

back out, go back on

• 这两个短语都有“言而无信”之意。其区别在于：
• 1.back out指主体违背或撤销其过去一度许下的诺言，或从所承担的义务、所参与的计划中撤出来；而go back on仅指“食言”，即说话不算数。
• 2.back out后可接of或from短语说明失信的具体内容；go back on后可接to短语或动词不定式说明具体的对象。
• 3.go back on直接接sb时往往含“不忠”或“出卖”的意思，而back out无此意义及用法。

back, champion, support

• 这组词的共同意思是“支持”。它们的区别在于:back多指给予物质或道义上的资助,有“作后台”的意味; support指支撑重量或作为支柱或给予需要的力量,以防某人或某物跌倒或陷下; 而champion则指支持他人或某项运动而去奋斗、辩论或演说。例如:
• Don't worry. I will back you up.不要忧虑,我支持你。
• The teammates supported the injured player.队友扶着那受伤的球员。
• We champion a just cause.我们支持正义的事业。

adv. (副词)

back, backwards

• 这两个词都有“向…后；在…后”之意，表示方向时可互换。其区别在于：back侧重于方向或原始位置或状态的恢复；而backwards则侧重于动作进行的方式。

back, behind

• 这两个词都有“在…之后”的意思。其区别在于:behind是介词,指在某物或某时间之后; back是副词,与另外的物〔时间〕无关。例如:
• But communications were back to normal this morning.但是今天上午通讯恢复了正常。
• I want no monkey business behind my back.我不准任何人背着我捣鬼。

be back, come back, get back, go back, return

• 这组词(组)都可表示“回去”。其区别是：
• return与其他词相比有些书卷气; come back的意思是“回归”“回来”,指回到说话人所在的地方; go back指回到出发点,是一种非正式说法,常用于口语中; get back是回到原来的出发点; be back意为“回来了”,表示状态,是日常应用最广的非正式说法。例如:
• Did Duff come back?—Yes, he came back.达夫回来了吗?是的,他回来了。
• Now let's go back to the beginning of the page.现在让我们回到这页的开头。
• When he got back, he found that supper was over.当他回来的时候,他发现晚餐已经结束了。
• I'll be back next Saturday.我将在下个星期六回来。

bring back, call to mind, call up, come back to, think back

• 这组短语都有“回忆起”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.在含意上，bring back指从现在的事物中引起对过去事情的回忆，含触景生情之意，主语是人时意为“记起；想起”，主语为事物时意为“使想起”；come back to和think back指“回忆起”某事物；call to mind主语是人时意为“记起；想起”，主语为事物时意为“使想起”；call up的含意与bring back相同，但主语通常为事物，不指人。
• 2.在用法上，bring back通常用memory作宾语；come back多用被想起的事物或it作主语，to后接表人的词或mind, memory等与记忆有关的词作宾语表示“回忆起”某事物；think back的主语多指人，如指事物则常与make作补语，back后常接“to〔on〕+被想起的事物”；call to mind不用于被动结构，其中的call为及物动词，其宾语多置于mind之后，mind可有物主代词修饰。

date back to, go back to, run back to, trace back to

• 这组短语都指“追溯到”过去某时、某时期或过去发生的某事的意思。其区别是：
• date back to指“始于，追溯到”，强调某事物开始的时间，一般不用被动结构，常用一般时；go back to和run back to意思相同，但run back to少用，均多指友谊、家事的起源，强调从现在起回到过去开始的某一时期；trace back to与go back to, run back to意思相近，但更强调追根溯源。

hold back, keep back, put back, set back

• 这组短语都有“推迟；延迟”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.从含意上说，hold back和keep back都表示“推迟”某事的进行或某人做某事，强调比通常或预定的时间要晚；put back和set back都指某事因某种原因而“被推迟”进行。
• 2.从用法上说，hold的宾语可以是人，也可以是物，可用于被动结构；put back和set back后可加to短语指被延期到未来的某时候进行，一般用被动结构。

back，backward，hind，behind

• 这些词均有“在后，向后”之意。
• back作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。
• backward可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。
• hind指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。
• behind指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。

back，uphold，support，sustain，advocate

• 这些动词均有“支持，支援，拥护”之意。
• back通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。
• uphold既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持，也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。
• support含义广泛，多指在道义上或物质上支持某人，也可指对某项事业的支持。
• sustain侧重指连续不断的支持。
• advocate多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护，往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 他仰卧着并凝视着天花板。

   误 He lay to his back and stared up at the ceiling.

   正 He lay on his back and stared up at the ceiling.

   析 表示“仰卧”,应该说lie on one's back,介词用on不用to。

2. 他租了一间后房。

   误 He rented a room in back of the house.

   正 He rented a room in the back of the house.

   析 in back of表示“在…后面”,相当于behind。in the back of表示“在…后部”,相当于in the rear part of。“一间后房”应该是a room in the back of the house。

3. 房子后面有一块菜园。

   误 There is a vegetable garden in the back of the house.

   正 At the back of the house there is a vegetable garden.

   析 表示“在…之外的后面部分”,应该说at the back of,不用in the back of。

adv. (副词)

1. 你看完这本书后,请把它还回图书馆。

   误 When you finish the book, please return it back to the library.

   正 When you finish the book, please return it to the library.

   析 return表示“归还,送回”,含有“回”的含义,不能再用back。

近反义词

【近义词】

• rear 后面的
• behind 在...之后
• hind 后部的
• backwards 向后
• backbone 脊骨
• spine 脊柱
• vertebrae [解]椎骨
• support 支持
• recede 后退
• reverse 逆转
• backward 向后的
• vertebral column 脊柱
• spinal column 脊柱
• back up (因积聚而)拥堵...
• spinal 脊骨的
• encourage 鼓励
• sponsor 保证人
• succour 救助
• help 帮助
• sustain 支持
• second 第二的
• patronize 以高人一等的态度对待...
• boost 提高
• favour 恩惠
• aid 援助
• assist 帮助
• abet 煽动
• uphold 支持
• subsidize 给与补助金或奖助金...
• promote 促进
• countenance 面容
• maintain 维持
• bolster 长枕
• certify 证明
• validate 使生效
• corroborate 确证
• attest 证明
• go 去
• end 结束
• buttocks （常复数）臀部...
• stern 严厉的
• substantiate 证实
• heel 脚后跟
• rump [鸟]尾部
• confirm 证实
• to 对于
• backside 臀部
• breech 后膛
• hind-quarters 后臀和腿
• fundament 基础
• posterior (在时间
• return 返回
• rebound 弹回
• tail end 尾端
• ebb 退潮
• retrogress 倒退
• recoil 退却
• backtrack 由原路返回
• retrocede 后退(交还)
• retreat 撤退
• revert 恢复
• tail 后部
• regress 倒退
• bat 球棒
• go to bat for 庇护(辩护
• for 为
• stand 站立
• stand behind 后援, 做后盾...
• hinder 阻碍
• back down 放弃
• endorse 赞同
• down 向下
• indorse 背书
• go backwards 倒退, 退步; 堕落...
• turn tail 逃跑
• prior 优先的
• ago 以前
• backrest 靠背
• since 因为
• rachis 脊椎
• binding 镶边
• punt 方头或平底船...
• heretofore 以前
• stake 桩
• back 后面
• turn 翻转
• rearward 在背后
• plump for 选定
• removed 离开的
• bygone 过去的
• dorsum [解]背部
• gage 抵押品
• distant 疏远的
• remote 遥远的
• former 前者的
• past 过
• obsolete 已废弃的
• plunk for 支持
• earlier 早的
• faraway 遥远的
• the 那
• cover 封面
• dated 过时的
• secluded 与世隔绝的
• elapsed 流逝的
• out-of-the-way 偏僻的
• late 迟的
• outermost 最外方的
• hindmost 最后方的
• last 持续
• bet on 为 ... 打赌
• game 游戏
• previous 以前的
• rural 农村的，乡村的，田园的...
• rearwards 向后方
• advocate 提倡
• side 边
• guarantee 保证
• finance 金融
• ridge 脊
• befriend 待 ... 如友
• favor 偏爱
• insure 保险
• early 早
• or 或者
• forward 向前的
• ward 病房
• forwards 向前地

【反义词】

• face
• front
• stomach
• fore
• head
• advance
• approach
• assist
• help
• stand by
• support
• delayed
• earlier
• elapsed
• former
• outdated
• overdue
• past
• previous
• prior