cost

英 [kɒst] 美 [kɔːst]

• n. 费用；成本；代价；[律]诉讼费用
• v. 花费；使付出；使做不愉快的事；估算成本

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C][U]成本,费用

   price; money that you must pay for sth

2. [S]代价,损失

   loss; what is given to get another thing

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 值钱

   be obtainable at the price of; have an amount of money as a price

2. vt. 花费

   require the payment of time or money

3. vt. 失去

   result in or cause the loss of; make sb loss sth

4. vt. 估价

   calculate the price to be charged for; estimate the cost of an article

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 费用
2. 成本
3. 代价，努力
4. 损失，损害
5. 花费，耗费
6. 【律】诉讼费用
7. 价钱，价格
8. 牺牲

v. 动词

1. 需付费，要花很多钱，贵得很
2. 【商】估计...的成本
3. 花费
4. 使饱尝苦头，使付出沉重的代价
5. 使丧失，使付出
6. <英>使花许多钱
7. 要价（苦干）
8. 牺牲
9. 价钱为，价值为，价格为，值（若干），有…的价值
10. 使付出努力
11. 使做不愉快的事

英英释义

Noun:

1. the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

2. the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold);

   "the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver"
   "he puts a high price on his services"
   "he couldn't calculate the cost of the collection"
   

3. value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something;

   "the cost in human life was enormous"
   "the price of success is hard work"
   "what price glory?"
   

Verb:

1. be priced at;

   "These shoes cost $100"
   

2. require to lose, suffer, or sacrifice;

   "This mistake cost him his job"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. We calculated the cost of building a new house .
   我们计算了造1座新房子的费用。
2. We have to sum up the costs of production.
   我们得计算一下生产成本。
3. I'm determined to attain my purpose at any cost.
   我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
4. He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.
   他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
5. He was ordered to pay USD2000 costs.
   他被责令缴纳2000美元诉讼费用。

用作动词 (v.)

1. It will cost 5000 at the lowest computation.
   估计最少也值5000英镑。
2. That car must have cost a bundle.
   这辆汽车一定值很多钱。
3. How much do the vegetables cost?
   这些蔬菜值多少钱？
4. Dangerous driving could cost you your life.
   开车不注意安全有生命危险。
5. The accident cost me a visit to the doctor.
   那事故害得我去看了一趟医生。
6. Her irresponsible behaviour cost her father many sleepless nights.
   她那不负责任的行为使她父亲许多夜不得安眠。
7. The work was costed by the engineer at $50,000.
   这项工程据工程师估价为50 000美元。
8. The real cost of this has already been costed out.
   已经对其实际成本进行过估算。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. The scientific books will be sent without cost.
   这些科学书籍将免费赠送。
2. It's nice to travel with expenses paid by your employers, at no cost to yourself!
   自己不花一个钱,全由雇主掏腰包,这样的旅行可真妙!
3. The cost includes taxes.
   费用中包括税金。
4. The cost summed to 200 dollars.
   费用共达200美元。
5. I promise all costs will be readily returned.
   我保证所有的费用会迅速偿还。
6. He put the cost at one hundred dollars.
   他把费用定在100美元。
7. We estimate the cost to be five thousand dollars.
   我们估计费用为5000美元。
8. Please figure out the total cost.
   请算出总费用。
9. He payed the difference in cost.
   他支付了费用的差额。
10. Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time.
    除了费用之外,还花了大量的时间。
11. You must bring the cost within the required limit.
    你们必须把费用控制在规定的限度内。
12. The new regulations tend to keep down the cost.
    新规定有助于缩减费用。
13. The cloth is not worth the cost.
    这块布不值这个价钱。
14. Efficient management is one of the factors which will lower production cost.
    有效率的管理是降低成本的一个因素。
15. Rising costs made it hard to carry on the business.
    成本提高了,生意就很难做下去。
16. The manager expects it to earn its cost in 5 years.
    经理希望在5年内赚回成本。
17. These goods are all sold at cost.
    这些货物都是按成本价格出售的。
18. At last we bought the film rights of a novel at a moderate cost.
    最终我们以适中的价格购买下了把小说改编成电影的版权。
19. People whose homes have been flooded are looking to the government for help with the cost.
    家遭水淹的人们正指望政府给予损失补助。
20. We shall defend our country, whatever the cost may be.
    无论付出什么代价,我们都要保卫我们的国家。
21. We must at any cost defeat them.
    我们必须不惜任何代价打败他们。
22. He had his plan carried out at an immense cost.
    他以巨大的代价实现了他的计划。
23. No matter what cost is involved, we will save them.
    不论付出多大的代价,我们都要把他们救出来。
24. I will do it at any cost.
    无论如何,我决意要做。
25. The rise in electricity costs has added to our difficulties.
    电费上涨增加了我们的困难。
26. In recent years the residential building costs soar.
    近几年住宅建设费用飞涨。
27. The new working method further reduced production costs.
    新的操作方法进一步降低了生产成本。
28. This development is consistent with the company's aims of reducing its costs.
    这种发展同公司降低成本的目标是一致的。
29. The women's volleyball team put up a desperate fight to win the world championship at all costs.
    女子排球队为争取世界冠军而不惜一切代价,殊死拼搏。
30. We must finish the work at all costs before midnight.
    无论付出什么样的代价,我们必须在午夜前完成这项工作。
31. He calculated the cost of a journey to Tokyo in the summer vacation.
    他计算了暑假里到东京旅游的开支。
32. The cost of upkeep is born by the state.
    保养费由国家承担。
33. We figured in the travel expenses but forgot the cost of meals.
    我们把旅行开支计算在内,但却忘了把伙食费加进去。
34. Did you reckon in the cost of a taxi across Beijing?
    你把穿越北京的出租车费算进去了吗?
35. We must reckon with all possible difficulties when we are considering the cost of the contract.
    我们考虑合同费用时必须认真考虑所有潜在的困难。
36. The two schools agreed to split the cost of construction between them.
    两个学校同意分摊建筑工程费用。
37. In order to meet the cost of university attendance, she has to do extra work at night.
    为支付大学的费用,她必须在晚上去工作。
38. Following the cutting down of personnel, the cost of production was correspondingly reduced.
    随着人员的裁减,生产成本也相应降低了。
39. Tom was for cutting down the cost of production.
    汤姆赞成降低生产成本。
40. What is the estimated cost of the house?
    这座房子的估价是多少?
41. The high cost of oil poses serious problems for industry.
    昂贵的石油价格给工业造成了严重困难。
42. This is a military victory purchased at great cost of life.
    这是一场用许多人的生命换来的军事胜利。
43. He rescued the boy from drowning at the cost of his own life.
    他救这小孩免于淹死却牺牲了自己的生命。
44. The poor fox escaped from the trap at the cost of a leg.
    那只可怜的小狐狸逃出了陷阱,却失去了一条腿。
45. The cost of living has gone up again.
    生活费用又上涨了。
46. In the past few years the cost of living has risen by nearly 40 per cent.
    在过去的几年里,生活费用几乎上涨了40％。
47. Is it a logical necessity that the cost of living goes up if wages go up?
    逻辑上说，如果工资提高生活费用就必然要增长吗?
48. With the rising cost of living, it is hard for the old people to live on their pensions.
    由于生活费用不断上涨,老年人靠养老金生活已很困难了。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The sofa really cost.
   那沙发可真值钱。
2. It cost too much.
   这个价太贵了。
3. Nowadays petrol costs too much.
   如今的汽油太贵了。
4. Apples are costing more these days.
   这些日子苹果越来越贵了。
5. That's a beautiful leather wallet, but it costs too much.
   那个皮夹子很漂亮,但是价钱太贵了。
6. In a long run, it is an economy to buy good quality goods, even though they cost more.
   购买质量好的货物,虽然价格较贵,但长期来看是经济的。
7. Small gift could give a lot of pleasure and doesn't cost much.
   小礼物花钱不多但却可以带来许多乐趣。
8. A motorcar costs a great deal of money.
   一部汽车值很多钱。
9. How much does the washer cost?
   这台洗衣机价钱多少?
10. Courtesy costs little but means much.
    讲礼貌不费事,但意义却很大。

S+～+to- v

1. Does it cost much to live here?
   在这儿住费用很贵吗?

用作系动词

S+～+ adj.

1. It costs dear.
   这很值钱。
2. How dear the lesson costs!
   这个教训的代价多大啊!

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. You do not know what these roses have cost your father.
   你不知道为了这几朵玫瑰花,你父亲付出了多大代价。
2. If you attempt it, it will cost you dearly.
   如果你想试,一定会吃大亏的。
3. The best goods cost money.
   好货价钱高。
4. The book costs two pounds.
   这本书值两英镑。
5. The jacket costs 75 dollars.
   这件夹克的价格为75美元。
6. Coal used to cost 3 shillings a sack.
   以往一袋煤值三先令。
7. The eggs cost thirty cents each.
   这些鸡蛋3角钱一个。
8. A huge plateful like that costs only 50 cents.
   这样大一盘才50美分。
9. What does a loaf of bread cost in Germany today?
   在德国，现在一条面包要多少钱?
10. The vase costs ten dollars.
    这花瓶值10美元。
11. His car cost the same amount as mine.
    他的车同我的车一个价。
12. The insurance of his house costs forty pounds a year.
    他的房屋保险一年40英镑。
13. This product now only costs one-tenth what it did before.
    这种产品的现价为原来价格的1/10。
14. The project cost a whole year.
    这项工程花了一整年的时间。
15. To compile a dictionary costs much time and patience.
    编纂一本词典要花费时日和耐心。
16. Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.
    做这样的试验要花很多的时间和劳力。
17. The journey costs two days.
    这次旅行费时两天。
18. Put their things down, you all, they cost money.
    你们一齐上,把他们身上的东西弄下来,都是值钱的。
19. But of course that kind of pleasure costs money.
    当然,这种娱乐很费钱。
20. It really cost a lot of money.
    这件事确实花费了许多钱。
21. A local call costs a quarter from a booth.
    在公用电话间打市内电话,电话费是25美分。
22. They resisted my proposal because they thought the plan would cost too much money.
    他们反对我提出的计划,因为他们认为这个计划花钱太多。
23. No matter what it costs,I'll do it.
    不论付出多大代价,我也要干。
24. That coat looks good on you, but it must have cost an arm and a leg.
    这件外衣你穿着很漂亮,不过价钱太贵了。
25. Although this kind of colour television set is good in quality, it cost an arm and a leg and at present I can't afford to buy it.
    虽然这种彩电质量很好,但价钱太高,目前我买不起。
1
26. The job was cost by the builder at about three thousand dollars.
    据营造者估算,此事约花费3000美元。

It ～s/ed+ n./pron. +to- v

1. It will cost you to go by train, so why not by bus?
   既然乘火车花费大,你为什么不乘公共汽车呢?
2. It costs five thousand dollars a year to maintain this house.
   管理维修这所房子,每年要花5000美元。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ n./pron. + pron./n.

1. This battle cost the enemy 1000 men.
   这一仗敌人损失1000名士兵。
2. The quarrel cost me a friend.
   那场争吵使我失去了一位朋友。
3. This chair cost me twenty pounds.
   这张椅子花了我20英镑。
4. The repairs to the computer cost me over 200 yuan .
   修这台电脑花了我200多元钱。
5. This book cost me five dollars.
   我花5美元买了这本书。
6. The necklace cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
   这条项链花了我们3.6万法郎。
7. Electricity and water cost us eighty yuan per month.
   我们每个月水电费大约要80元。
8. How much did the bag cost you?
   这个包你花了多少钱?
9. Jose was waiting anxiously as if the seconds were costing him money.
   约瑟正焦急地等待着,似乎每秒钟都在花他的钱。
10. The writing of the book cost her ten years of hard work.
    写这本书她付出了十年的辛勤劳动。
11. The invention cost him much time.
    这一发明占用了他很多时间。
12. The answer to the girl's letter cost him much time.
    回复那姑娘的信使他花了许多时间。
13. These numerous trips with Jennie have cost him a lot of time.
    陪詹妮跑了这么多的地方花费了他许多时间。
14. These trips to Xinjiang cost us considerable time.
    这几次到新疆去花了我们相当多的时间。
15. His dissipation cost him his fortune.
    他的挥霍浪费使他损失了全部财产。
16. That moment's stop cost the United States team its lead.
    这一瞬间的停顿,使美国队失去了领先的地位。
17. Every step cost us much effort.
    每走一步,我们都很吃力。
18. The boy's misconduct cost his mother many sleepless nights.
    这男孩的不轨行为,使他的母亲许多夜不得安眠。
19. The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.
    病人的危险状况,使医生和护士们好几夜不曾合眼。
20. This heroic deed cost him his life.
    这件英雄业绩使他牺牲了生命。
21. His ambition cost him his life.
    他因为野心断送了性命。
22. It cost him a great deal of trouble.
    这给他添了不少的麻烦。
23. The work cost him a lot of care.
    这项工作使他付出了很多心血。
24. That sort of accident could have cost you your hand.
    那种事故本来是可能使你失掉一只手的。
25. A single error here could cost you your life.
    在这儿一有差错就有可能使你丧命。
26. One mistake may cost you your job.
    要有一个差错,你就得丢掉工作。
27. A slight carelessness on this precipice could cost a man his life.
    在这悬崖上稍一疏忽,就会使人丧生。
28. Working overtime cost him his health.
    加班加点工作,使他健康恶化。

It ～s/ed+ n./pron. +to- v

1. It will cost you 800 yuan to fly to Shanghai.
   乘飞机去上海将花费你800元。
2. It costs them 8000 dollars a year to run a car.
   养一辆车一年要花费他们8000美元。
3. He told me it cost him 10,000 dollars to furnish his apartment, and I believed it.
   他告诉我他花了1万美元为这套住宅配置家具,这话我信。

经典引文

• No Art or Cost is omitted to make the Stay..agreeable.

  出自： Addison

• His breeches cost him but a crown.

  出自：Othello , Shakespeare

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

cost at (v.+prep.)

估计,预算 estimate
cost sth at sth
They cost the job at about 150 pounds.

他们估计这工作要花150英镑左右。
The job was cost by the builder at about three thousand dollars.

据营造者预算,此事约花费3000美元。

cost out (v.+adv.)

估计出履行某合同的费用 guess the cost of fulfilling a contract
cost sth ⇔ out
We shall have to bring in professional advisers to help us to cost out this job.

我们不得不找一些专业顾问来帮助我们估计一下这项工作所需要的费用。

cost what it may

无论如何 in any case

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• absorb the cost 承担费用
• avoid the cost 避免损失
• bear the cost 承担费用
• bring the cost 控制费用
• calculate cost 计算成本
• cheapen the cost 降低成本
• collect the cost 收取费用
• compute probable cost 估计费用
• count the cost 估计费用
• cover the cost 包括费用
• cut cost 削减费用
• cut down the cost 降低费用
• defray the cost 支付费用
• earn the cost 赚回成本
• entail enormous cost 需要巨大的费用
• estimate the cost 估计成本
• heighten the cost 提高成本
• incur the cost 遭受损失
• keep down the cost 缩减费用
• learn to one's cost 汲取教训,从教训中学到
• maintain the cost 提供费用
• meet the cost 支付费用
• omit the cost 去除费用
• pay the cost 支付费用
• raise the cost 提高成本
• rate the cost 估计费用
• reckon the cost 计算费用
• reduce over head cost 削减经常开支
• return all costs 偿还所欠费用
• shave the cost 讨价还价
• shoulder the cost 承担费用
• spare the cost 节约费用
• split the cost 分摊费用

形容词+～

• actual cost 实际费用
• additional cost 附加费用
• administrative cost 行政费用
• annual cost 年度费用
• appalling cost 惊人的费用
• average cost 平均费用
• capital cost 基建费,投资费
• capitalized cost 核定投资额
• classical cost 标准费用
• comparative cost 比价
• considerable cost 以很高的代价
• current cost 市价
• engineering cost 工程费
• enormous cost 巨大的代价
• equal cost 同等价格
• estimated cost 估价
• evident cost 明价
• excessive cost 过多的代价
• extra cost 额外费用
• fair cost 公平价
• fearful cost 可怕的代价
• final cost 最后成本
• first cost 成本,最初费用
• great cost 高价
• heavy cost 重大的代价
• housing cost 管理费
• huge cost 巨大的代价
• human costs 人员的伤亡
• increasing cost 不断上涨的费用
• inevitable cost 不可避免的费用
• inflated cost 飞涨的费用
• initial cost 创办费
• insignificant cost 无价值的花费
• living costs 生活费
• low cost 低价
• manufacturing costs 制造费用
• material cost 材料费
• minimum cost 极小的费用
• moderate cost 公道的价钱
• nominal cost 微不足道的费用
• operating cost 营业费
• overall operational cost 总运行费
• overhead cost 管理费
• prime cost 主要成本
• proper cost 正当花费
• reasonable cost 合理的费用
• reduced cost 降低了的价格
• relative cost 相关的费用
• renewal cost 更新费
• running costs 管理费,使用费
• total cost 总费用
• trifling cost 微不足道的费用
• unite cost 单价
• ultimate cost 最主要的费用
• whole cost 全部费用
• working cost 工作费用,使用费

名词+～

• construction cost 工程费
• court costs 诉讼费
• flat cost 房租费
• freightage cost 运费
• haulage cost 运输费
• labor cost 人工成本
• maintenance cost 维修费
• production cost 生产成本
• sell cost 成本
• staff cost 工资费用
• telegraph cost 电报费
• telephone cost 电话费
• upkeep cost 保养费

～+名词

• cost account 成本计算,成本账
• cost accounting 成本会计
• cost accounts 成本账户
• cost allocation 成本分配
• cost analysis 成本分析
• cost basis 成本基础
• cost behavior 成本习性
• cost book 成本账簿
• cost budget 成本预算
• cost card 成本单
• cost coding 价值编码
• cost concept 成本观念
• cost control 成本控制
• cost distribution 成本分配
• cost element 成本因素
• cost estimate 成本估价
• cost expiration 成本消耗
• cost finding 成本计算
• cost flows 成本流程
• cost index 价格指数
• cost keeping 成本核算
• cost method 成本法
• cost price 成本价格
• cost principle 成本原则
• cost push 成本增加
• cost rate 成本率
• cost record 成本账
• cost recovery method 收回成本法
• cost sheet 成本单
• cost standard 成本标准
• cost system 成本制度
• cost unit price 成本单价
• cost variance 成本差异

介词+～

• at cost 按照成本
• at a cost of 以…为代价
• at all costs 不惜任何代价
• at any cost 无论如何
• at great cost 以高价
• at half cost 以半价
• at low cost 以低价
• at no cost 不花钱
• at the cost 以…为代价
• below cost 低于成本价
• to one's cost 通过亲身经历认识到
• under cost 低于价格
• without cost 免费

～+介词

• cost against 负担诉讼费
• cost in 在…方面的代价
• cost of… 费
• cost of capital 资金成本
• cost of construction 建筑费
• cost of construction and repairing 修造成本
• cost of delays 延续费
• cost of equipment 设备费
• cost of goods manufactured 制造品成本
• cost of goods purchased 进货成本
• cost of goods sold 销货成本
• cost of installation 安装费
• cost of living 生活费用
• cost of maintenance 维修费
• cost of manufacture 制造成本
• cost of operation 使用费
• cost of overhaul 检修费
• cost of price 原价
• cost of production 制造费
• cost of repairs 修理费
• cost of sales 销售成本
• cost of service rendered 劳务成本
• cost of upkeep 维修费

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• cost a friend 失去朋友
• cost a great deal of trouble 添了不少麻烦
• cost a hundred soldiers 损失了100名士兵
• cost a whole year 用了一整年时间
• cost effort 花费气力
• cost fortune 损失财产
• cost health 以健康为代价
• cost job 丢掉工作
• cost labour 付出劳动
• cost life 付出生命
• cost many sleepless nights 花费许多个日夜
• cost money 花钱
• cost nothing 不费什么事
• cost several million pounds 花费好几百万英镑
• cost ten dollars 花费10美元
• cost time 花费时间
• cost two pounds 值两镑
• cost what it may 不惜任何代价,无论如何

～+副词

• cost a lot 耗费甚大
• cost dare 吃大亏
• cost little 代价小
• cost more 更贵
• cost too much 价钱太贵
• cost carefully 费很大劲
• cost dearly 使某人付出极大代价
• cost really 真值钱

～+介词

• cost to 对…产生好感

词语用法

1. at the cost of表示“以……为代价”，后一般接表示损失或花费的东西的词，如life，health，time和money。偶尔，也接表示被遭受的东西的词，如discomfort，misery和sufferin等；
2. at all cost表示“不惜任何代价，无论如何”，它的用法比at any cost更为普遍；
3. cost原属于不及物动词，但是为了方便，不出现及物动词加间接宾语再加状语宾语的特殊结构，习惯上将cost作为及物动词。

   This cost me much money.

4. cost的状语宾语（或直接宾语）同at the cost of后接的一样，一般都是表示损失或花费掉的东西的词，偶尔接表示被遭受的东西的词。

   The accident cost him his life.
   他为这场事故付出的代价是他的生命。

n. (名词)

1. cost作名词时,意思是“成本,费用,价钱,代价”。引申可指“损失,牺牲”,包括时间或精力方面的消耗。
2. cost作“成本”“费用”解时,可用单数形式,也可用复数形式; 作“代价”解时,一般用单数形式。

v. (动词)

1. cost的基本意思是“对得到的事物、行为或事情的结果付出代价”,可依据上下文灵活译为“值…”“花费”或“失去”“蒙受”“招致”等。引申还可表示“估算成本”“计算费用”。cost侧重的是“以…为代价”,而不仅仅是数量的陈述。
2. cost主要用作及物动词。作“花费”“付出代价”解时,不用于被动结构,主语通常是物或事物。接名词或代词作宾语时,宾语为金钱、时间、精力等(在当代英语中,这一范围正不断扩大)。接双宾语时,直接宾语为金钱、时间、精力等,间接宾语则总是人。作“计算费用”“估算”解时主语一定是人,且可用于被动结构。
3. cost也可用作不及物动词,意为“需要花费”“需要付出代价”,这时其后一般有副词性状语。
4. cost也可用作系动词,可接形容词,表被动意义。
5. cost的过去式和过去分词有两种形式,作“花费”“失去”解时用cost,作“估算”解时则是costed。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

cost, expense, outlay

• 这三个名词的共同意思是“花费,费用”。其区别是：
• 1.cost指为获得或生产某物所费的金额,是时间、劳力等的总计。一般指日常生活的开销,也可指劳力、服务等的“费用”“花费”; expense则含有较不确定的意味,泛指“费”“费用”; 而outlay则指为一定目的而花费的金额。例如:
• She built the house without regard to cost.她盖这房子根本不在乎花多少钱。
• The expense of a good education is great.受到好的教育需要一大笔费用。
• We need a large outlay on scientific research.我们需要科学研究的大量费用。
• 2.cost和outlay既可用作动词,又可用作名词,而expense只能用作名词,其动词形式为expend。

cost, price

• 这两个词都有“价格”的意思,有时两者可以换用。例如:
• What's the cost〔price〕 of that book?这本书多少钱?
• 其区别是：
• cost有“原价”“成本”的意思,指对物品所作的代价,包括物的发现,制造等所花去的一切费用; 而price指商品的“销售价格”,尤指卖方对商品所要求的价格。一般说来,物品的price总比它的cost高些。例如:
• They want to sell the things at cost.他们想按成本价把这些东西卖了。
• What is the price of this table?这张桌子价格多少?

v. (动词)

cost, charge

• 这两个词的共同意思是“索价,花钱”。其区别是：
• 1.从意思上讲, charge的意思是“请求付费用”,而cost则是“物本身值多少钱”。
• 2.从句式上讲, charge的主要句式是charge...for...或charge sb ..for...。

cost, pay, spend, take

• 这组词的共同意思是“花费”,指某人买或做某事所花费的时间或金钱。其区别是：
• 1.spend和pay的主语只能是人; cost的主语是物或事; take后接时间时，主语也可以是人。此外，take和cost还可以用动词不定式或动词不定式短语作真实主语,而it为形式主语。例如:
• I paid him $200 for this painting.我付他200美元买了这幅画。
• She spent ten dollars shopping for food.她购买食品花了10美元。
• The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。
• We took a week to finish the work.我们花了一个星期完成这项工作。
• It costs us a lot of money to build a house.盖房子花了我们很多钱。
• It took me one year to read this book.我用一年时间读了这本书。
• 2.pay的搭配范围最窄,只接金钱; cost的搭配范围最宽,除接金钱和时间外，还可接劳力、精力、财富、健康、职位甚至生命等。例如:
• “Are you paying cash?”“No,I will pay by cheque.”“你付现金吗?”“不,我用支票支付。”
• Careless driving cost him his life.粗心大意地开车使他丧了命。
• 3.spend可接动名词，而cost, pay, take可接动词不定式。
• 4.spend, take, pay都可用于被动结构，而cost不能用于被动结构。

charge，price，fee，fare，cost，expense

• 这些名词均有“价格，费用”之意。
• charge指提供服务时索取的费用，也指货物的价格、价钱。
• price指商品在市场出售的价格，尤指卖方对商品所提出的单价。比喻意义指付出的代价。
• fee指上学、求医以及找律师等付的费用，还可指会费、借书费等。
• fare侧重指旅行时所付的车、船费等费用。
• cost指生产某东西的成本，也泛指商品的价格，可与price换用。
• expense常指实际支付的费用总数额，有时也指钱的花费。

cost，expend，spend，take，pay

• 这些动词均含“花费”之意。
• cost指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
• expend较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
• spend普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
• take普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
• pay“付款、给……报酬”，它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型：①Sb．pay（s）sb．money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 生活费用很高。

   误 The cost for living is very high.

   正 The cost of living is very high.

   析 表示“…的费用(或价格)”用the cost of,其中of不能用for代替。

2. 价钱不是很贵。

   误 The cost is not so expensive.

   正 The cost is not so high.

   析 说“价钱贵〔贱〕”,不能用expensive〔cheap〕,可用high〔low〕。

3. 你的计算机多少钱?

   误 What is the cost of your computer?

   正 What is the price of your computer?

   析 询问价钱时,不能用cost,须用price。

v. (动词)

1. 1840年发行的第一张邮票的价格为一便士。

   误 The first postage-stamps, issued in 1840, costed one penny.

   正 The first postage-stamps, issued in 1840, cost one penny.

   析 cost作“价格”解时是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词都是cost。

2. 买那本词典我花了五元钱。

   误 I cost five yuan on the dictionary.

   正 The dictionary cost me five yuan .

   析 cost表示“(使某人)花费(金钱、时间、劳力等)”时,句子主语常是事物名词或指代事物的代词,不能是表示人的名词或代词。

3. 那条项链值五百法郎。

   误 The necklace is cost five hundred francs.

   正 The necklace costs five hundred francs.

   析 cost不能用于被动结构,它可以用主动形式表示被动意义。

4. 这种轿车价格很高。

   误 The price of this kind of car cost much.

   正 This kind of car costs much.

   正 The price of this kind of car was high.

   析 cost与price语意重复。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古法语的coster；最初源自拉丁语的constare，意为价值，花费，成本，费用，代价。

近反义词

【近义词】

• charge
• expense
• price
• sacrifice
• toll
• value