sustain

英 [sə'steɪn] 美 [sə'steɪn]

• vt. 支持；承受；维持；认可；经受

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 支撑; 维持; 支持

   keep from falling or sinking; keep up; maintain

2. vt. 蒙受; 遭受

   suffer; undergo

3. vt. 确认…有效; 准许

   decide that (a claim, etc.) is valid; uphold

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 【音】继续演奏某一音符的效果

v. 动词

1. 支持，支撑
2. 蒙受，遭受
3. 证实，证明
4. 确认，认可
5. 供养，养（家）
6. 忍受，忍耐
7. 维持，保持
8. 承担，承受
9. 加强
10. 支援，补养，救济
11. 使...持续；继续
12. 鼓舞
13. 禁得起
14. 【律】确认；承认
15. 扮演，能扮演（角色） ， 善于表演（性格）
16. 能胜任
17. 准许

英英释义

Verb:

1. lengthen or extend in duration or space;

   "We sustained the diplomatic negotiations as long as possible"
   "prolong the treatment of the patient"
   "keep up the good work"
   

2. undergo (as of injuries and illnesses);

   "She suffered a fracture in the accident"
   "He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars"
   "She got a bruise on her leg"
   "He got his arm broken in the scuffle"
   

3. provide with nourishment;

   "We sustained ourselves on bread and water"
   "This kind of food is not nourishing for young children"
   

4. supply with necessities and support;

   "She alone sustained her family"
   "The money will sustain our good cause"
   "There's little to earn and many to keep"
   

5. be the physical support of; carry the weight of;

   "The beam holds up the roof"
   "He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam"
   "What's holding that mirror?"
   

6. admit as valid;

   "The court sustained the motion"
   

7. establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts;

   "his story confirmed my doubts"
   "The evidence supports the defendant"
   

例句

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. His hope for future sustained him.
   对未来的希望支持了他。
2. The ice will not sustain your weight.
   这冰承受不了你的体重。
3. Some species may not be able to sustain the pressure from such prevalent raids.
   一些物种无法承受这种猖撅的偷猎行为带来的压力。
4. They had sufficient food to sustain life.
   他们有足够维持生命的食物。
5. The judge sustained his objection.
   法官认可他的异议。
6. The trucking company was able to sustain the severe fuel shortage .
   该卡车公司能经受得了这严重的汽油短缺。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The pillars sustain the roof.
   几根柱子支撑着屋顶。
2. The branches could hardly sustain the weight of fruit.
   树枝已很难支撑水果的重量。
3. Arches sustain the weight of the roof.
   拱形结构承受着屋顶的重量。
4. Will this light shelf sustain the weight of all these books?
   这个轻便书架承受得住所有这些书的重量吗?
5. The book's weakness is the author's inability to sustain an argument.
   该书的缺点在于作者未能把论证展开。
6. He sustained a son at the university.
   他供养儿子上大学。
7. His comforting words helped to sustain me in my faith during those dark days.
   在那黑暗的日子里,他的安慰支持了我的信念。
8. Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer sustained the trapped miners.
   遇难矿工盼望救援人员正在接近他们,这是他们赖以坚持下去的唯一希望。
9. These provisions will sustain us for a week.
   这些存粮可以维持我们一周的食用。
10. He's not capable of sustaining shocks.
    他经受不住精神打击。
11. The trucking company was able to sustain the severe fuel shortage.
    该卡车公司能经受得了这严重的汽油短缺。
12. The pilot sustained severe injuries when his plane crashed.
    飞机坠毁时,飞行员受了重伤。
13. He sustained a severe blow on the head.
    他的头部受到重击。
14. The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal.
    法庭承认他的要求正当,宣布该合同不合法。
15. The facts sustain his theory.
    这些事实都证明了他的理论。
16. New data sustained our earlier findings.
    新的证据证实了我们以前所得的数据。
17. This book can sustain comparison with the classics.
    这本书可以和古典文学媲美。
1
18. She was sustained by pride in her family.
    对家庭的自豪感支持着她。
19. His claim was sustained by the court.
    他的要求得到了法庭的认可。
20. The clapping was sustained for several minutes.
    掌声持续了几分钟。

经典引文

• The excitement which had sustained him..had begun to ebb.

  出自： P. G. Wodehouse

• There was something to sustain me over the next four weeks.

  出自： J. Braine

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• sustain an attempt 经受尝试
• sustain a defeat 吃败仗
• sustain the injury 受到伤害
• sustain life 支撑生活
• sustain losses 蒙受损失

～+副词

• sustain faithfully 有诚意地认可
• sustain materially 从物质上维持
• sustain precisely 确认有效
• sustain spiritually 从精神上坚持

词语用法

1. sustain有时指“遭受”，但同suffer，receive，get等比较，sustain的这个用法不普遍，一般用在injury，loss，leak，bruise，defeat等词的前面。

v. (动词)

1. sustain的基本意思是“承受住重量”,指不断支撑或维持不衰弱。有时也可表示通过提供必需的物质或精神的营养品以支持某人、某事物。引申为“经受”。还可表示“确认…正当有效”“准许”。
2. sustain是及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

sustain, bolster, brace, buttress, maintain, prop, support

• 这组词的共同意思是“支撑”。其区别在于:support指有基础或基座来承受某物的压力或重量,使其不坍塌或倒下,用于比喻可指能够经受住艰难困苦而不屈服; bolster指用垫枕等支撑物来支撑或承受负荷; brace指用支柱、支架来支住、撑牢某物,使其能抗住压力; buttress指用在建筑物应力点上加扶壁的办法来支住、加固某物,引申指用物质、金钱、事实等来支持某论点; maintain指保持某种状况或状态,给予所需的力量,以防力量、价值等有所损失; prop指支持需要立即加强或加固的事物; sustain强调始终不渝地支撑或保持。例如:
• This matter bolstered up his pride.这件事提高了他的自尊心。
• The struts are firmly braced.构架的支柱很牢固。
• She buttressed her argument with lots of solid facts.她用很多具体事实来支持她的论点。
• The state maintains the highways.政府养护公路。
• She propped up the baby's head by putting her hand behind its neck.她把手放在婴孩的头后,支撑他的头。
• She was sustained by pride in her family.对家庭的自豪感支持着她。

sustain, experience, experiment, suffer, undergo

• 这组词的共同意思是“经历”。其区别是：
• 1.experience指人们“经历”过的事情,即生活中所遇到的事情或通过学习、实践取得经验的过程; experiment指科学家进行的试验或为了检验某种效果而进行的任何活动; suffer指体验到伤害和困苦; sustain指遭受苦难,但不一定有勇气或坚忍精神; undergo强调被迫经受不愉快的事或苦难,也可指经历时间。例如:
• The Chinese people have experienced untold sufferings under imperialist oppression.在帝国主义的压迫下,中国人民遭受了无数的苦难。
• They experimented on electricity.他们做电学实验。
• He seemed to have suffered a great deal.他好像受了很多苦。
• He has sustained a great loss by the death of his father.父亲死了,他遭受了巨大损失。
• He undergoes hardships.他备尝艰难。
• 2.experience通常与动词have连用,而experiment通常与动词do连用。

back，uphold，support，sustain，advocate

• 这些动词均有“支持，支援，拥护”之意。
• back通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。
• uphold既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持，也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。
• support含义广泛，多指在道义上或物质上支持某人，也可指对某项事业的支持。
• sustain侧重指连续不断的支持。
• advocate多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护，往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。

undergo，experience，sustain，suffer

• 这些动词均有“经历，经受，遭受”之意。
• undergo多指经受艰难、痛苦、不愉快或危险等事。
• experience指亲身经受或体验某事。
• sustain指遭受痛苦或承受负担。
• suffer常可与sustain通用，尤指受到损害或伤害。

词源解说

• ☆ 13世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的sustenir，意为忍受，支持；最初源自拉丁语的sustinere，意为支持。

近反义词

【近义词】

• bear
• keep
• support
• uphold