strain

英 [streɪn] 美 [streɪn]

• n. 拉紧；紧张；血统；笔调；（动植物或疾病的）品种
• v. 拉紧；劳累；过分使用

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 拉紧

   stretch tightly by pulling

2. vt. & vi. 尽量利用; 尽全力

   make the greatest use of; exert one's powers

3. vt. & vi. 过滤

   pass liquid through a loth or a network of fine wire

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 种，品种
2. 拉紧
3. 张力
4. 过劳
5. 笔调
6. 族，系
7. 扭伤
8. 倾向
9. 气质
10. 语气
11. 紧张，紧张状态
12. 操心
13. 失常
14. 血缘，世系
15. 情调
16. 旋律

v. 动词

1. （被）过滤
2. 滥用，过度使用
3. 拖紧，（被）拉紧，用力拉
4. 伸张
5. 竭力喊
6. 使过劳
7. 紧抱，紧拉，紧拖
8. 变形
9. 渗出
10. 紧靠
11. 尽力，拼命努力，使劲，竭力，尽全力
12. 抽紧，扯紧
13. （使）紧张，绷紧
14. 尽量使用，尽量利用
15. 拉，拖
16. 扭歪，弯曲，歪曲，曲解
17. 快要折断
18. 不肯接受，以为不可
19. 尽力睁大（眼）
20. 超越…之所及
21. 损伤，拉伤，扭伤
22. 使不堪承受
23. 勉强
24. 用力推
25. 受困

英英释义

Noun:

1. (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

2. difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension;

   "she endured the stresses and strains of life"
   "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"
   

3. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence;

   "she was humming an air from Beethoven"
   

4. (psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress;

   "his responsibilities were a constant strain"
   "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
   

5. a special variety of domesticated animals within a species;

   "he experimented on a particular breed of white rats"
   "he created a new strain of sheep"
   

6. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups;

   "a new strain of microorganisms"
   

7. injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain

8. the general meaning or substance of an utterance;

   "although I disagreed with him I could follow the tenor of his argument"
   

9. an effortful attempt to attain a goal

10. an intense or violent exertion

11. the act of singing;

    "with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates"
    

Verb:

1. to exert much effort or energy;

   "straining our ears to hear"
   

2. test the limits of;

   "You are trying my patience!"
   

3. use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity;

   "He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro"
   "Don't strain your mind too much"
   

4. separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements;

   "sift the flour"
   

5. cause to be tense and uneasy or nervous or anxious;

   "he got a phone call from his lawyer that tensed him up"
   

6. become stretched or tense or taut;

   "the bodybuilder's neck muscles tensed;"
   "the rope strained when the weight was attached"
   

7. remove by passing through a filter;

   "filter out the impurities"
   

8. rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender;

   "puree the vegetables for the baby"
   

9. alter the shape of (something) by stress;

   "His body was deformed by leprosy"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The rope finally broke under the strain.
   绷紧的绳子终于断了。
2. The tugs took up the strain and the ocean liner edged away from the quayside.
   拖船开始拉紧了，远洋客轮徐徐离开了码头。
3. All her senses were on the strain when the test was going on.
   测试时，她所有的感官都处于紧张状态。
4. A sudden and severe strain was placed upon us by the cutting off of these supplies.
   由于供给突然被切断，我们感到了沉重的压力。
5. The Germany strain in him makes him like philosophy.
   他的德意志民族的血统使得他喜欢研究哲学。
6. He created a new strain of sheep.
   他培育出一个新的绵羊品种。
7. Any flu epidemic is worrisome, especially when a new strain of flu bug is involved.
   任何流感大流行都令人不安，特别是当一种新型毒株介入的时候。

用作动词 (v.)

1. Too heavy a load will strain the rope to its breaking point.
   负载过重会把绳子拉紧到崩断的地步。
2. A warm-up is important before a run so as not to strain any muscles.
   为了避免拉伤肌肉,跑步前做做准备活动很重要。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The sporters strained and struggled.
   运动员奋力扭动摔打。
2. The liquid strained readily.
   这种液体容易过滤。
3. He strained to turn the wheel, but he couldn't.
   他使劲转动车轮子,但没有成功。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. They strained the wire between two posts.
   他们拉紧了两根电线杆之间的电线。
2. She strained her child to her breast.
   她把孩子紧搂在怀中。
3. She strained her ears to hear what was happening.
   她倾听着所发生的事。
4. She strained her ears, but no sound reached them.
   她竖起耳朵听,但什么也没听见。
5. Don't strain your eyes by reading such small print.
   书上的字体太小,别把眼睛看坏了。
6. He strained his voice.
   他竭力呼喊。
7. I boiled the potatoes and then strained them.
   我把土豆煮熟后把水滤掉。
1
8. He realized that she was too strained.
   他意识到她太紧张了。

其他

1. The mistake has caused strained relations between the manager and his staff.
   这个错误造成了经理同雇员之间的紧张关系。
2. He had a strained smile on his face.
   他脸上带着一丝勉强的微笑。

经典引文

• The starry strain of spirit, thence we are.

  出自： P. J. Bailey

• Hoovering brings on the strain in her back.

  出自： W. Trevor

• The bonds which strained them to the conquerors.

  出自： C. Merivale

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

strain after (v.+prep.)

竭力做某事 do one's utmost to do sth
strain after sth/v-ing
Read the text naturally, don't strain after effects.

读课文要自然,不要装腔作势。
He strained after learning with all his might.

他竭尽全力地进行学习。

strain at (v.+prep.)

尽力拉,拼命拉 pull hard on sth so that it costs effort or pain
strain at sth
The crew strained at the oars to keep the boat clear of the rock.

船员们使劲划桨让船避开礁石。
The dog strains at the leash eager to be off.

狗拼命地扯拉皮带,想挣脱开去。
We hoped to keep the young scientists with us, but could see that they were straining at the leash to move to better jobs.

我们原来想让这些年轻的科学家留下来,但发现他们都竭力想换一个更好的工作。

strain for (v.+prep.)

使劲 exert all one's strength
strain for sth
Everyone strained through the darkness for some sight of shore.

人人都极目张望,想透过黑暗看到海岸的迹象。

strain off (v.+adv.)

滤掉(某物) to remove part of sth by passing through sth such as a cloth
strain sth ⇔ off
Strain the fat off before you serve the soup.

在上汤前把里面的油滤掉。
When you've boiled the cabbage, strain off the water through a colander.

你把卷心菜煮开后,用滤锅把水滤掉。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• strain one's ears 竖起耳朵听
• strain every nerve 竭尽全力
• strain excessively 过分地拉紧
• strain feebly 无力地拉紧
• strain furiously 疯狂拉紧
• strain readily 容易过滤
• strain off 滤去
• strain off the water 滤去…中的水
• strain out coffee grounds 滤出咖啡渣

～+介词

• strain after 全力追求,拼命想得到
• strain after an effect 为求效果而矫揉造作
• strain after originality 力求不落俗套
• strain against the rope 使劲拉绳子
• strain at 用力,奋力,努力
• strain at accepting an unpleasant fact 极不愿接受一个不愉快的事实
• strain at the leather 使劲拉皮带
• strain at the oar 使劲划桨
• strain under a heavy burden 在重压之下苦撑苦度

词语用法

2. strain与stress的区别：过度紧张（strain）是由stress（压力）产生的结果，而压力stress是相邻的物体或部分之间的相互作用，由此可导致物体形态或尺寸的改变；
3. strain同sprain的比较：sprain（扭伤）是指脚踝或手腕瞬间扭伤的结果，而strain是肌肉用力过强或过久所导致的结果。

v. (动词)

1. strain的基本意思是“拉紧”,强调过度使用、过于操劳、过于用力致使身体的某部分肌肉、器官损伤,可特指肌肉或韧带拉伤。引申指“竭尽全力…,努力…”。
2. strain既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词或代词作宾语。
3. strain接介词at表示“拉紧”; 接for或after表示“使劲”。

词义辨析

strain，stress，pressure，tension

• 这些名词均有“压力，重压，紧张”之意。
• strain指某人为克服外力界压力而造成的身心和情绪等方面的压抑。用于物时，指任何力或合力作用于一个物体上面造成的应变。
• stress侧重指承受外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。
• pressure在科学上，指单位面积上所受到的压力。用于引申时，指某事物所产生的压力或影响力等。
• tension多指因关系不好或其它原因而出现的紧张状态，也指某物被过度伸展的程度或状态。

词源解说

• ☆ 1400年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的estreindre，意为拉紧，挤压；最初源自古典拉丁语的stringere，意为拉紧，绑紧。

近反义词

【近义词】

• stretch
• tighten

【反义词】

• unstrain 使放松
• relax 休息