short

英 [ʃɔːt] 美 [ʃɔːrt]

• adj. 短的；矮的；短期的；短缺的；简略的；粗暴无礼的；[语]短音的
• adv. 缺少；未达到；半中间(打断)；过早地(终止)
• n. <英口>烈酒；电影短片；[电]短路
• v. (使)短路

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 短的; 简短的,短暂的

   measuring little from one end to the other; not last long; brief

2. [A] 短期的,即将兑现的

   maturing at an early date

3. 矮的,低的

   below the average height

4. [P] 简称的,简略形式的

   a shorter form of, way of saying

5. 短缺的,未达标的

   not reaching the usual standard or required weight, length, quality, etc.

6. [P] 不够; 缺乏,缺少

   not having much or enough of sth; lacking sth or a certain quality

7. 简单粗暴的,唐突无礼的

   curt; abrupt

8. 短音的

   pronounced for a relatively brief time

9. 少而浓的,烈性的

   small and strong; made with spirits

10. 油酥的

    rich and crumbly as a result of containing much fat

adv. (副词)

1. 突然,唐突地

   suddenly; abruptly

n. (名词)

1. [C] 短路

   short circuit

2. [C] 短片

   short film, especially one shown before the main film at a cinema

3. [P] 烈酒

   small strong alcoholic drink, especially of spirits

4. [P] 短裤

   short trousers that do not reach the knee, e.g. as worn by children, or by adults playing sports or in hot weather

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 短的，矮的，低的
2. 短暂的，短期的
3. 缩写的，简略的，简短的
4. 缺少的，短缺的，紧缺的，紧俏的，不足的
5. 未达到的
6. 【语音】短音的
7. 【冶】(金属)易裂的，易碎的，脆的，强度不够的
8. 【证券】即将到期的

adv. 副词

1. 不足地，缺乏地
2. 唐突地，突然地，忽然
3. 简短地，简单地
4. 未达到，不及
5. 简慢地
6. 半中间（打断），过早地（终止）
7. (股票投机等)以空头方式

n. 名词

1. 概略，要点
2. 不足，缺乏
3. 萧特（音译名）
4. 【语音】短音节
5. 【音】短音符
6. 【商】卖空，空方，空头
7. 【棒】游击手
8. <英口>烈酒，少量烈酒
9. 电影短片
10. 总之，简言之
11. 短裤
12. <口>短片，短文，短片小说

v. 动词

1. 故意少给，给的不足 ，短斤少两
2. 欺骗
3. 【电】使短路
4. 卖空（股票）， 售卖借来的股票（证券用语）

英英释义

Noun:

1. the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed

2. accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference

3. the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base

Adjective:

1. primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration;

   "a short life"
   "a short flight"
   "a short holiday"
   "a short story"
   "only a few short months"
   

2. (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length;

   "short skirts"
   "short hair"
   "the board was a foot short"
   "a short toss"
   

3. low in stature; not tall;

   "he was short and stocky"
   "short in stature"
   "a short smokestack"
   "a little man"
   

4. not sufficient to meet a need;

   "an inadequate income"
   "a poor salary"
   "money is short"
   "on short rations"
   "food is in short supply"
   "short on experience"
   

5. (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range;

   "a short memory"
   

6. not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices;

   "a short sale"
   "short in cotton"
   

7. of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration;

   "the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short"
   

8. less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so;

   "a light pound"
   "a scant cup of sugar"
   "regularly gives short weight"
   

9. lacking foresight or scope;

   "a short view of the problem"
   "shortsighted policies"
   "shortsighted critics derided the plan"
   "myopic thinking"
   

10. tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening;

    "shortbread is a short crumbly cookie"
    "a short flaky pie crust"
    

11. marked by rude or peremptory shortness;

    "try to cultivate a less brusque manner"
    "a curt reply"
    "the salesgirl was very short with him"
    

Adverb:

1. quickly and without warning;

   "he stopped suddenly"
   

2. without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold;

   "he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash"
   

3. clean across;

   "the car's axle snapped short"
   

4. at some point or distance before a goal is reached;

   "he fell short of our expectations"
   

5. so as to interrupt;

   "She took him up short before he could continue"
   

6. at a disadvantage;

   "I was caught short"
   

7. in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner;

   "he told me curtly to get on with it"
   "he talked short with everyone"
   "he said shortly that he didn't like it"
   

Verb:

1. cheat someone by not returning him enough money

2. create a short circuit in

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. You've cut my hair very short.
   你把我头发剪得太短了。
2. In contrast with his brothers, Tom is rather short.
   与几位兄弟相比,汤姆的个子相当矮。
3. Let's take a short break for lunch.
   让我们休息一会儿，去吃午饭。
4. These goods are in short supply; the price will be high.
   这些商品现正供应不足，价格会上涨。
5. The usual word "pub" is short for "public house".
   常用的“pub”一词是“public house”的简略形式。
6. He was short with me this morning.
   他今天早上对我无礼。
7. Compare the short vowel in 'full' and the long vowel in 'fool'.
   比较 full 中的短元音和 fool 中的长元音。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. The children mustn't go short of food.
   孩子们不可以缺少食物。
2. We often run short of staff in the summer.
   夏天我们的人手经常不够用。
3. All too often you pitch the ball short.
   你投球老是距离不够。
4. His achievements had fallen short of his hopes.
   他的成就没有达到他期望的那么大。
5. Excuse me, but I'll have to cut you short.
   对不起,打断你一下。
6. Her singing career was cut short by a car accident.
   她的歌唱事业被一场车祸所终结。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. It will be a saving to take a short cut.
   走捷径能节省时间。
2. His doctor suggested that he take a short leave of absence.
   他的医生建议他请假短时期休息休息。
3. I never knew who could do so much in such a short time.
   我从未见过有人能在这样短的时间内做这么多的工作。
4. She managed to pack a lot of sightseeing into the short period of time she had in London.
   她在伦敦逗留的短短一段时间中,紧凑地安排了一连串的观光活动。
5. She worked the whole day with only a short interval at noon.
   她整天工作,仅仅在中午休息一会儿。
6. He has a long trunk with short legs.
   他上身长而下身短。
7. Short hair is cool in summer.
   短发在夏季很酷。
8. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.
   直线是两点之间最短的距离。
9. She likes to cast her ideas in short sentences.
   她喜欢用短句表达自己的思想。
10. He drew up a long list of good short stories.
    他列出很多篇好的短篇小说。
11. He gave her a short answer.
    他给了她一个简短而生硬的回答。
12. Tell them they must make the food last.We'll all be on short commons if the supply ship doesn't get through on time.
    告诉他们必须使食物多维持些时间。如果供应船不能按时来到,我们都要挨饿。
13. The soldiers complained that they got short rations.
    士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。
14. I rarely have short drinks.
    我很少喝烈性酒。
15. There is a short vowel in “pull”.
    在pull一词中有一个短元音。

n. +～

1. Our group is two people short.
   我们组还需要两个人。
2. This packet is supposed to contain ten screws, but it's two short.
   这包应装有十个螺丝钉,可是短了两个。
3. The missile landed ten miles short.
   那枚导弹落在离目标10英里的地方。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. We should go on to the next item for time is short.
   时间不多了,我们应该谈下一项内容。
2. The little boy's attention span was short.
   那个小男孩的注意力持续时间短。
3. Jack is shorter than Tom by a head.
   杰克比汤姆矮一头。
4. His speeches are boring but they have the saving grace of being short.
   他的演讲令人厌烦,但具有简短的特点。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. NATO is short for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.NATO
   是“北大西洋公约组织”的缩写。
2. This room is too short in relation to its width.
   和它的宽度相比这间屋子显得太小了。
3. He is short on knowledge.
   他知识肤浅。
4. He's a nice lad but he's a bit short on brains.
   他是个很好的小伙子,但是有时没有头脑。
5. The book is rather short on illustrations, but has some useful information.
   这本书插图较差,但也有一些有用的资料。
6. The tired salesman was short with the customers.
   这疲倦的售货员对顾客态度粗暴。

用作宾语补足语

S+V+O+～

1. You've cut my hair very short.
   你已把我的头发剪得很短。

用作副词 (adv.)

用作状语

1. The shells fell short.
   炮弹没打中目标。
2. The arrow landed short.
   箭未射到目标便落地了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. This accident is due to an electrical short.
   这次事故是由电路短路引起的。
2. There are a couple of shorts on before the main film.
   主片开映之前有几部短片。
3. These shorts are too tight for me.
   这条短裤给我穿太紧了。
4. The only time Dad shows his knees is on holiday, when he wears shorts instead of his long trousers.
   父亲只有在度假时才会露出膝盖,因为那时他不穿长裤而穿短裤。

经典引文

• The cathedral..is the shortest in England (155 feet long).

  出自： Jan Morris

• I don't like your hair as short as that.

  出自： C. Priest

• When the little one sat down..her legs were..too short to reach the ground.

  出自： P. Fitzgerald

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

at short notice

立即,仓促 with little warning

be little short of

几乎和…相同; 简直是 nearly the same as

come short of

失望 miss; be less than what is expectedHe came short of our expectation.他令我们失望。

fall short (of)

没有达到标准,不够,不足 fail to reach a required, or a specified standard

give short shrift

对…不太理睬,漠不关心 devote little time to sb
give sb/sth short shrift
He came to me with some crazy plan, but I gave it very short shrift.

他找我谈某个莫名其妙的计划,可是,我对此采取十分冷淡的态度。
Gerald tried to borrow another ten pounds from me, but I give him very short shrift.

杰拉尔德想再向我借10英镑,但我却对他漠不关心。

go short (of)

缺乏,不够 have less of sth than one should

in a short time

〈非正〉过了一阵子 after a short time

in short supply

供不应求 scare

make short work of

快速完成; 迅速处理 complete〔conclude〕 quickly

nothing short of

完全相同 the same as

run short (of)

短缺,数量不足 not have enough of

short and sweet

〈口〉简单明了 brief and to the point

short change

故意少给其找零头 give sb insufficient change

short head

少量; 短距离 small amount; small distance

short of

除了…之外 exceptHe will do anything short of murder to achieve his ends.为了达到目的,他除了凶杀什么都会干。

short of breath

喘不过气来 breathless

short weight

比…重量要轻 less than the proper weight

stop short of

不再,停止 not go as far as

to cut a long story short

简言之 recount sth briefly

用作副词 (adv.)

bring〔pull〕 up short

使…忽然停止干某事 make sb/sth suddenly what one is doing
bring〔pull〕 sb/sth up short (by v-ing)
Ann was strolling along aimlessly when I brought her up short by calling her name from the other side of the street.

安正在街上漫无目标地闲逛,我从街对面叫她,她便停了下来。
He brought the bus up short when the light changed to red.

红色交通灯一亮,他突然把公交车停住。
The driver pulled the car up short just in time to prevent an accident.

司机及时地突然刹车,避免了一场事故。

cut short

突然停止 stop suddenly
cut sb/sth short
I cut him short in the middle of his explanation.

他解释了一半我就把他的话打断了。
The meeting was cut short when the chairman fell ill.

主席一生病,会议就中断了。

stop short

突然停止 stop suddenly
stop short
Uncle Tom stopped short and looked at me.

汤姆叔叔突然停了下来,看了看我。
The professor opened his mouth to say something; but he stopped short.

教授开口说话,但又突然停止了。
He stopped short when he heard his name called.

他听到有人叫他,就突然停了下来。
The horse stopped short when he heard my voice.

那匹马一听见我的声音就突然停了下来。 stop sb/sth short
Stopping the car short caused a pileup on the highway.

这辆汽车突然刹车使公路上的汽车排成长龙。

用作名词 (n.)

for short

简称,缩写 in abbreviated form

in short

简而言之 stated briefly

the long and the short of

概要 speaking briefly

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• short cut 捷径
• short house 矮屋
• short stick 短棍
• short tree 矮树

动词+～

• fall short of 没有达到,未能满足,缺乏
• fall short of expectations 辜负某人的期望
• fall short of goal 未达到自己的目标

～+介词

• short for 是…的缩略
• short in 在…方面短(缺)的
• short in needed material 所需材料短缺
• short in the sleeves 袖子短了些
• short in understanding 缺乏了解
• short of 缺乏,缺少,有一段距离,未达到
• short of breath 呼吸短促
• short of cash 现金短缺
• short of food 食物短缺
• short of funds 资金短缺的
• short of meeting the requirements 满足不了这些要求
• short of men 缺乏人力
• short of one million 不足一百万
• short of ten dollars 差10美元
• short of water 缺水
• short on 缺乏,缺少
• short on housing 住房缺乏
• short on knowledge 知识肤浅

用作副词 (adv.)

动词+～

• catch short 突然便急
• cut short 使突然结束,使突然中断
• pull up short 突然停住
• sell short 售光
• stop short 突然停下来

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• make short of the matter 长话短说,简而言之
• squeeze the shorts 轧空头,迫使卖空者用高价补进

形容词+～

• Bermuda shorts 短裤
• walking shorts 短裤

介词+～

• for short 作为简称,作为缩写
• in short 简单地说,总之

～+介词

• the long and the short of it 总而言之,这事的概略

词语用法

1. short用在head上的时候，表示的是前后的短，而不是上下的短；
2. a short mile表示“不到一英里”，与词组a short hour，short years等与long的用法相似；
3. short of后接动名词，

   Your attitude is little short of being ridiculous.
   句中的being做的是of的宾语，有时可省略。

adj. (形容词)

1. short的基本意思是“短的”,既可指持续的时间“短”,也可指长度“短”、高度“矮”或在重量、数量等方面“短缺的,不足的,未达标的”。short指持续时间短时,有不完全、缩短或突然停止的意味。
2. short和表示时间的time, hour(s), year(s)等连用,可表示“不足”“不到”“短暂的”; 修饰动作或声音,可表示“短促的”。
3. short也可作“简称的,简略形式的”“简单粗暴的,唐突无礼的”“少而浓的,烈性的”“短音的”“短期的,即将兑现的”“油酥的”等解。
4. short在句中可用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。

adv. (副词)

1. short用作副词的意思是“突然地,唐突地”,有时也可作“达不到目的地”解。
2. short在句中多用作状语。

n. (名词)

1. short用作名词的基本意思是“短路”“短片”“短裤”,还可作“烈酒”解。
2. short作“烈酒”“短裤”解时通常用复数形式。用作主语时谓语动词须用复数形式,“一条短裤”是a pair of shorts。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

run short, run short of

• 这两个短语都是“快用完”的意思。前者相当于不及物动词,主语一般为物,以主动形式表示被动意义; 后者相当于及物动词,其主语为人或部门, of后接表示时间或钱、物的名词。例如:
• The flour is running short.
• 面粉快用完了。
• We have run short of flour.
• 我们的面粉快用完了。

short, brief

• 这两个词的共同意思是“短的”。其区别在于:brief着重指时间、言谈、篇幅等“短暂”“简短”; short是普通用词,泛指各种“短”。例如:
• My acquaintance with him was brief.我与他相识的时间不长。
• I went on a short trip.我作短暂的旅行。

short, concise

• 这两个词都有“简明的”“简短的”意思。其区别在于:concise表示用较少的话准确地表述某事,无赘言; short指简短,但不一定准确,还可用于表示时间短暂、不足等。例如:
• The article is concise and to the point.这篇文章简明扼要。
• The mayor gave a short speech.市长发表了简短的讲话。

adv. (副词)

short, shortly

• 两者都是副词,但不同义:short的意思是“突然”“蓦然”; 而shortly则作“不久”“在短时期内”解,且多用于将来时态。例如:
• The boss was driven to his wit's end short.
• 这个老板一下子被弄得一筹莫展。
• I shall go on errands to Beijing shortly.
• 我不久就要出差去北京。

n. (名词)

for short, in short

• 这两个短语含义不同:in short表示“总之”“简言之”,用于文章、段落、言语等; for short表示“简称”“缩写”,多用于姓名等。

常见错误

adj. (形容词)

1. 这小伙子身材矮小。

   误 The fellow is rather short in height.

   正 The fellow is rather short.

   析 short本身可表示“身材矮小”,无需加in height。

2. 他患了一种因自己身材矮小而产生的自卑情结症。

   误 He suffers from an inferiority complex because he's low.

   正 He suffers from an inferiority complex because he's short.

   析 表示“身体矮小”用short,不用low。

3. Lab是laboratory的缩略形式。

   误 “Lab” is short of “laboratory”.

   正 “Lab” is short for “laboratory”.

   析 be short of意为“缺乏…”; 要表达“是…的简写”,应说be short for。

4. 他们的汽油快用完了。

   误 They are running shortly of gasoline.

   正 They are running short of gasoline.

   析 表示“缺少…”“快用完…”可说run short of, run在此为系动词,故不说run shortly of。

5. 油的供应短缺了。

   误 The supply of oil is running short of.

   正 The supply of oil is running short.

6. 我们的钱快用完了。

   误 Our money is running short of.

   正 Our money is running short.

   析 “(某物)快用完”或“变得不够用”可以用sth run short的结构,这里作主语的是物,不是人。如果用人作主语,则用 sb run short of sth 的结构,作“(某人)缺…”解。

7. 这首诗很短,可以背诵下来。

   误 The poem is short to learn by heart.

   正 The poem is short enough to learn by heart.

8. 我们的假期太短了,不能用作旅行。

   误 Our vacation is short to take for a journey.

   正 Our vacation is too short to take for a journey.

   析 在short后接主动形式的不定式表示被动意义时,它的后面必须加enough,或者在它前面加too。

9. 商品供应不足。

   误 The goods are in a short supply.

   正 The goods are in short supply.

10. 很难买到瓷茶杯,供应非常不足。

    误 Difficult to buy china cups, they are in a very short supply.

    正 Difficult to buy china cups, they are in very short supply.

    析 “(某种商品)供应不足”“不够用”习惯用be in short supply,中间不加任何冠词; 但可以在short前加程度副词very,表示“供应非常不足”。

11. 昨天他对我非常无礼。

    误 He was very short to me yesterday.

    正 He was very short with me yesterday.

12. 他对我如此粗鲁,以至于我的自尊心受到了伤害。

    误 He was so short to me that I felt hurt.

    正 He was so short with me that I felt hurt.

    析 “对…无礼或怠慢”,应该说be short with...,其中介词 with不能改用 to。

n. (名词)

1. 总之,社会必须重新组织。

   误 In a short, society must be reorganized.

   正 In short, society must be reorganized.

   析 in short是习惯用法, short前不加任何冠词。

2. 总而言之,我们要作好充分准备。

   误 In short word, we must get well prepared.

   正 In short, we must get well prepared.

   析 “总之”“简言之”用in short表示,这里short是名词,不能再加word。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的sceort；最初源自古典拉丁语的curtus，意为短的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• not long
• brief
• hasty
• quick
• summary

【反义词】

• high
• tall
• extended
• long