require

英 [rɪ'kwaɪə(r)] 美 [rɪ'kwaɪər]

• v. 要求；需要；命令；规定

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 有赖于…; 需要

   depend on sb/sth; need or make necessary

2. vt. 命令,指示

   give an order, with the expectation that it will be obeyed

3. vt. 要求,规定

   demand by right

4. vt. 想要

   wish to have

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. <书>要求
2. 请求
3. 需要
4. 命令
5. 有赖于
6. 造成
7. 导致
8. 规定
9. 依靠
10. 使拥有
11. 指示
12. 想要
13. 必须要，必须有，使……成为必须

英英释义

Verb:

1. require as useful, just, or proper;

   "It takes nerve to do what she did"
   "success usually requires hard work"
   "This job asks a lot of patience and skill"
   "This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"
   "This dinner calls for a spectacular dessert"
   "This intervention does not postulate a patient's consent"
   

2. consider obligatory; request and expect;

   "We require our secretary to be on time"
   "Aren't we asking too much of these children?"
   "I expect my students to arrive in time for their lessons"
   

3. make someone do something

4. have need of;

   "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. The director required that we should work all night.
   主任要求我们通宵工作。
2. We must not propagate one method and require all localities to adopt it.
   我们在宣传上不要只讲一种办法，要求各地都照着去做。
3. Please call if you require assistance.
   如果需要帮忙，请打电话。
4. This game requires a minimum of three players.
   这个游戏至少需要三个人才可以玩。
5. The headmaster required her to keep silent.
   校长命令她不要做声。
6. Napoleon required every soldier to obey his orders.
   拿破仑要求每个士兵 都服从他的命令.
7. Students are required to attend classes.
   学生必须按规定上课
8. As required by the traceablitiy, the duplicate copy of purchase documents shall be kept.
   根据可追溯性的专用要求的范围规定,应保存有关采购文件的副本。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. How much money do you require?
   你需要多少钱?
2. We shall require some more stamps tomorrow.
   明天我们再需要些邮票。
3. We shall require more lubrication oil this month.
   这个月我们需要更多润滑油。
4. We'll let you know if we require further help.
   我们如果需要更多帮助就告诉你。
5. You can keep the book for a further week provided that no one else requires it.
   这本书如果没有别人要借,你还可借一个星期。
6. They require my appearance.
   他们要求我出场。
7. They require extra help.
   他们要求额外帮助。
8. All living beings require food.
   一切生物都需要食物。
9. This project will require less investment.
   这项工程需要较少的投资。
10. This question requires a good deal of special study.
    这个问题需要作大量的专门研究。
11. Her suggestion requires careful thought.
    她的建议需要慎重考虑。
12. This computer requires careful attention.
    这台计算机需要精心照看。
13. The matter requires great care.
    这事要很细心。
14. This requires great attention in our work.
    这一点我们在工作中要特别注意。
15. To become a singer would require study, work and sacrifice.
    要想成为一位歌唱家,就要勤奋学习,刻苦训练甚至作出牺牲。
16. The mastery of a language requires painstaking effort.
    要学好一种语言,必须下苦功。
17. It requires work, persistence.
    它要求辛勤工作,坚韧不拔。
18. This task required new forms of organization work.
    这一任务要求组织工作采取新的形式。
19. Will you require tea?
    你要茶吗?
20. Is that all that you require, sir?
    先生,您还要别的吗?
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21. The dictionary is much required.
    这本词典销路很好。
22. Such a thing is not much required nowadays.
    这种东西当今不是很需要。
23. 如果保守疗法对于此病没有效果,就可能需要进行外科手术。
    如果保守疗法对于此病没有效果,就可能需要进行外科手术。
24. He packed the briefcase with what might be required.
    他把可能需要的东西装到一个手提箱里。
25. How much postage is required for this parcel?
    这个包裹需要多少邮费?
26. Parliamentary approval would be required for any scheme.
    任何计划都得有国会的批准。

S+～+to- v

1. He required to see my passport.
   他要看我的护照。
2. He requires to be warned against drinking.
   要警告他不要饮酒。
3. The baby required to be looked after.
   这婴儿得有人照料。
4. We require to be informed of the committee's decision.
   我们要求把委员会的决议通知我们。
5. This letter requires to be answered at once.
   这封信需要立即回复。

S+～+ v -ing

1. These young seedlings will require looking after carefully.
   这些幼苗需要细心照料。
2. The house requires painting.
   这房子需要刷漆。
3. The problem requires dealing with immediately.
   这个问题要马上处理。
4. To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50%.
   实施这项计划将需要增员50%。

S+～+that-clause

1. His health requires that he should go to bed early.
   他的健康状况要求他早睡。
2. They required that we should discuss the problem at the meeting.
   他们要求我们在会上讨论这个问题。
3. She required that I should finish the work before April.
   她要求我在4月份以前完成此项工作。
4. The rule requires that all the clerks should arrive at the office by two o'clock.
   这条例要求所有的职员两点以前到办公室。
5. The court required that he should pay the fine.
   法院规定他交付罚款。
6. We required that he (should) be present.
   我们要求他必须出席。
7. This situation required that we (should) stay there.
   当时的情况使我们必须留在那儿。
8. They required that the work (should) be finished as soon as possible.
   他们要求那项工作必须尽早完成。
9. We require that each of you reply quickly.
   我们要求你们每一个人很快回答。

It is/was ～ed+that-clause

1. It is required that I give evidence.
   要求我提供证据。
2. It is required that a foreign language student should learn two foreign languages in college.
   一个学外语的学生在大学时必须学两门外语。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. +that-clause

1. The teacher requires us that we must read English every morning.
   老师要求我们每天早晨读英语。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. They required me to keep silent.
   他们吩咐我别出声。
2. I required her to write a paper.
   我请她写一篇论文。
3. They required me not to let out the secret.
   他们要我不要泄露那秘密。
4. The border police required the traveler to unlock his luggage.
   边防警察命令那个旅客打开行李。
5. You require the money to be paid.
   你必须付钱。
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6. You are required to report to the police immediately.
   要你马上向警察报告。
7. All the members are required to attend the meeting.
   所有会员均应该出席会议。
8. Students are required to finish the test paper within two hours.
   要求学生们在两小时内完成试卷。
9. All passengers are required to show their train tickets.
   所有的乘客必须出示他们的火车票。
10. When they were given new uniforms, they were required to take good care of them.
    发了新制服以后,要求他们加以爱护。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. Chinese and mathematics are required subjects.
   语文和数学是必修课。
2. You have to pass the required examinations to become a driver.
   要想当司机,你必须要通过规定的考试。

经典引文

• A nominal faith..was required..in any candidate.

  出自： I. Murdoch

• The..factory..requires him to be at its premises.

  出自： M. Amis

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

require from (v.+prep.)

需要从…得到某物 demand sth from sb
require sth form sb
Do you require any information from me?

你需要从我这里得到什么信息吗?
Nobody required any help from me.

没人需要我的帮助。
We require the cleanliness from our child.

我们要求孩子爱清洁。
An explanation must be required from Mr. Black.

布莱克先生必须作出解释。

require of (v.+prep.)

对…要求 demand; order, expecting obedience
require sth of sb
You require too much of me.

你对我的要求太过分了。
We require co-operation of you.

我们需要你们的合作。
The teacher required too much work of the students.

老师要学生做的功课过多。
She requires a term paper of each student.

她要求每个学生写一篇学期论文。
I will do all that is required of me.

我将去做要求我做的一切事情。
I have done everything that was required of me.

一切要求我做的我都做到了。
Silence is required of all examination candidates.

要求所有应试者保持考场肃静。
She did not at first grasp what was required of her.

开始时她还不知道对她有什么要求。
It is required of every man that no delay should be made.

要求每个人不得延误。
It is required of every blood donor that he (should) be fit.

要求每一位献血者身体健康。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• require apology 要求道歉
• require consideration 要求考虑
• require craft 需要手艺
• require study 需要研究
• require surgery 需要外科手术
• require talent 需要才能
• require time 需要时间
• require treatment 要求处理

～+副词

• require immediately 立即需要
• require passionately 热切要求
• require personally 亲自要求
• require physically 确实需要
• require reasonably 合理地要求
• require strictly 严格要求
• require urgently 迫切需要

～+介词

• be required by law 法律要求
• require sth for sth 为某物需要…
• require from 向…要求
• require of 要求…

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. require的基本意思一是“需要”,二是“要求”,可用于明确表示因事物的内在必要性所引起的迫切需要或当务之急,也可用于指法律和规章制度的强制要求,还可用于形势紧急的迫切性。引申可作“规定”“想要”解。
2. require是及物动词,接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或that从句作宾语,也可接以动词不定式或that从句作直接宾语的双宾语。
3. require接含有被动意义的非谓语动词时,不定式表示被动结构,而动名词表示主动结构; require接that从句时从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。
4. require后面接人时,可接介词of或from,接of表示“对…本身的要求”,接from表示“从…要求”; 后面接物时,则要用介词for。
5. require的过去分词required可用作形容词,在句中作定语。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

require to-v, require v-ing

• 两者都表示“需要做某事”。其区别在于:接动词不定式时,句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语; 接动名词时,句子的主语则是动名词的逻辑宾语。

require of, require from

• 这两个短语意思不同:require of的意思是“对…要求”; 而require from的意思是“从…那里得到某物”。试比较:
• Do you require anything from me?
• 你向我要什么吗?
• Do you require anything of me?
• 你要我做什么吗?

require, ask, beg, demand, order, request

• 这组词的共同含义是“请求”。其区别是：
• 1.从语气上看, beg最弱,有“恳求”的意味,如ask后仍达不到愿望,就要进一步beg了。例如：
• He begged me to excuse him.他乞求我原谅他。
• request表示较客气,是有礼貌、谦虚地“请求”。例如：
• Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.请观众不要抚摸展品。
• ask的“请求”有时委婉,有时强烈。例如：
• The boy asked timidly if he might see the book.那男孩怯生生地问能否看一下这本书。
• He asked curtly for a cup of water.他粗声粗气地要一杯水喝。
• require语气较request强烈,但较demand缓和。例如：
• This plan requires secrecy.这计划要求保密。
• demand已是不折不扣的要求。例如：
• The guard demanded his business.警卫查问他来干什么。
• 而order则比demand更强烈,丝毫不让步。例如：
• If you make any more noise,I shall order you out of the classroom.你如果再叫,我就命令你从教室里出去。
• 2.从目的上看,这组词都表示要求对方满足自己的某种愿望, ask希望对方能给予肯定的答复,而request则对能否得到肯定的答复把握不大。例如：
• The meeting will take place at 8 o'clock. Your presence is requested.会议将于8时召开,敬请光临。
• 3.从根据上说, demand一般指客观上必要,缺此不可,多来自权威方面。例如：
• The work demands care and patience.这工作需要细心和耐心。
• require则指基于事物内在原因提出的要求。例如：
• His health requires that he go to bed earlier.他的健康状况要求他早睡。
• 4.从感情色彩上看, beg含有浓厚的感情色彩,表示“一再要求”。例如：
• The boy begged his mother not to punish him.那孩子要求他妈妈不要惩罚他。
• demand含有“愤怒”“焦急”等义。例如：
• The father demanded knowledge of what had occurred during his absence from home.父亲要求说明他不在家时究竟发生了什么事。
• require则强调铁面无私。例如：
• This requires great attention in our work.这一点我们在工作中要特别注意。
• 5.从使用场合看, ask使用范围最广; order则多限于军队中或医生对病人。例如：
• The officer ordered that the men should fire the guns.长官命令士兵开火。

require, claim, demand, exact

• 这四个词都可表示“要求”。其区别是：
• demand主要指理直气壮地强烈要求,常常侧重不容拒绝。例如:
• The opposition have demanded that all the facts be made public.反对派要求把所有的事实都公之于世。
• claim指认为有权或宣传有权得到某种东西因而公开提出要求。例如:
• Did you claim on the insurance company after your car accident?你出车祸后有没有向保险公司提出赔偿?
• require指根据内部需要,或法规义务,或紧急形势等提出要求。例如:
• The urgency of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision.局势紧急,需要我们立即作出决定。
• exact不仅强调提出要求,而且侧重得到所要求的东西。

下面三句的意思相同:

• My bike requires repairs.
• My bike requires repairing.
• My bike requires to be repaired.
• 我的自行车需要修理了。

ask，beg，demand，require，request，implore，claim，pray，entreat

• 这些动词均有“要求，请求”之意。
• ask最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。
• beg指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。
• demand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。
• require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
• request正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。
• implore书面用词，着重指迫切、焦急或痛苦地恳求或哀求，常含较强的感情色彩。
• claim指有权或宣称有权得到而公开提出的要求。
• pray语气庄重，指热情、诚恳和敬祈的要求，现不很常用。
• entreat泛指一般“恳求或哀求”，含企图说服对方或用热烈的请求软化反对意见的意味。

lack，need，want，require

• 这些动词均有“缺少、短少”之意。
• lack指完全短缺或数量不足。
• need语气较重，指需要必不可少的东西，强调急需。
• want侧重缺少某种必需之物，或个人渴望得到的东西。
• require使用广泛，语气较轻。强调急需时可与need换用，但有时暗示所需的人或物是完成某一任务必不可少的。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他完成了你要求他完成的每一件事。

   误 He has done everything you have required him.

   正 He has done everything you have required of him.

   析 require表示“对某人要求”时,介词须用of。

2. 谋求这个职位你需要有大学文凭。

   误 You require to have a university degree for this post.

   正 You need to have a university degree for this post.

   析 require作“要求”“需要”解时,不接动词不定式的主动形式作宾语,但need可接动词不定式作宾语。

3. 这些小树需要细心照料。

   误 These saplings will require being looked after carefully.

   正 These saplings will require looking after carefully.

   析 require后接动名词作宾语,若表达被动意义,须用动名词的主动形式,而不用被动形式。

4. 他们要求我们九点钟以前到达那里。

   误 They require that we must get there before nine.

   正 They require that we should get there before nine.

   析 require后接宾语从句时,从句须用虚拟语气。

5. 在晚会上,一位外国老师应邀为我们唱了几首民歌。

   误 At the party a foreign teacher was required to sing some folksongs for us.

   正 At the party a foreign teacher was requested to sing some folksongs for us.

   析 require是“要求,命令”,指要求某人做某事。表示比较正式而有礼貌的“请求”可用request。

6. 到下星期六为止,钱必须付清。

   误 The money is required to be paid by next Saturday.

   正 You are required to pay the money by next Saturday.

   正 We require you to pay the money by next Saturday.

   正 We required the money to be paid by next Saturday.

   析 require用于被动结构时,其后接主动形式的动词不定式; 用于主动式时,其后可接动词不定式的主动形式,也可接被动形式; 但不可用于双重被动结构。

7. 我们要求给予帮助。

   误 We require for help.

   正 We require help.

   析 require作“要求”解时是及物动词,不需接介词for。

词源解说

• ☆ 1300年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的requerre；最初源自通俗拉丁语的requrere：re (反复） + qurere (问），意为反复询问。

近反义词

【近义词】

• ask
• beg
• bid
• command
• compel
• demand
• exact
• force
• order
• request
• want
• wish

【反义词】

• refuse 拒绝