refuse

英 [rɪ'fjuːz] 美 [rɪ'fjuːz]

• v. 拒绝
• n. 垃圾；废物

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 拒绝

   state one's strong unwillingness to accept; say no (to); not give or allow

n. (名词)

1. [U]废料,废物,垃圾

   waste or worthless material; rubbish

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 拒绝，谢绝，推辞， 推却，回绝，拒受，不受，拒给，拒作
2. 不准，拒不，不肯，不愿
3. 固辞，辞退
4. 不肯跃过，不肯越过障碍物，不肯跳过而突然停住
5. 拒婚
6. 打不出同花牌
7. 发生故障失效
8. 抵制

n. 名词

1. 垃圾，废物，废料，废品，废弃物
2. 残渣，渣屑，渣滓，糟粕
3. 工厂废材

adj. 形容词

1. 无用的，无价值的
2. 垃圾的，废料的
3. 废弃的，扔掉的

英英释义

Noun:

1. food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

Verb:

1. show unwillingness towards;

   "he declined to join the group on a hike"
   

2. refuse to accept;

   "He refused my offer of hospitality"
   

3. elude, especially in a baffling way;

   "This behavior defies explanation"
   

4. refuse to let have;

   "She denies me every pleasure"
   "he denies her her weekly allowance"
   

5. resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ;

   "His body rejected the liver of the donor"
   

6. refuse entrance or membership;

   "They turned away hundreds of fans"
   "Black people were often rejected by country clubs"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. I refuse to answer that question.
   我不愿回答那个问题。
2. We were refused permission to enter.
   我们被拒之门外。

用作名词 (n.)

1. There is a refuse dump out of the town.
   镇外有个垃圾场。
2. The council is responsible for refuse collection.
   市政局负责清除垃圾废物。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. He asked her to marry him but she refused.
   他向她求婚,但她拒绝了。
2. We asked him to come, but he refused.
   我们叫他来,可是他拒绝了。
3. He cannot refuse if you ask politely.
   如果你客气一点的话,他是不会拒绝的。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. I think he won't refuse me.
   我想他不会拒绝我的。
2. He made her an offer in this room, and she refused him.
   他就在这间屋子里向她求婚,她却拒绝了。
3. She refused his gift.
   她不肯收他的礼物。
4. I cannot very well refuse their offers.
   他们提供帮助,我不好拒绝。
5. He proudly refused help from anyone.
   他傲慢地拒绝了任何人的帮助。
6. He seemed disappointed when the man refused his request.
   当那个人拒绝了他的要求时,他看起来很失望。
7. He resolutely refused their bribe.
   他坚决不接受他们的贿赂。
8. She refused their invitation.
   她拒绝了他们的邀请。
9. Because of a prior engagement we had to refuse the invitation.
   我们因为有约在先,所以不得不回绝邀请。
10. When very ill, she refused medicine.
    病重时,她不肯吃药。
11. The patient refused anything, even a little soup.
    病人什么也吃不下,甚至一点汤。
12. You'll not refuse beer, won't you?
    你不会喝不了啤酒的,对吗?
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13. The request was curtly refused.
    这个请求被毫不客气地拒绝了。
14. Our application for visas was refused.
    我们的签证申请未获批准。

S+～+to- v

1. She refused to tell us the truth.
   她拒不对我们讲真情。
2. He never refuses to help others.
   他从不拒绝帮助别人。
3. They refused to bow to force.
   他们拒绝向武力低头。
4. They refused to consider the proposal.
   他们拒绝考虑这一建议。
5. He has refused to let me use his toothbrush.
   他拒绝让我使用他的牙刷。
6. Thousands of people refuse to pay their taxes.
   成千上万的人拒不交税。
7. My legs refused to carry me further.
   我实在走不动了。
8. She refused to see him.
   她不愿见他。
9. Why do you always refuse to tell me where you live?
   你为什么老是不肯告诉我你在什么地方住?
10. He was wounded but refused to leave the line.
    他受伤了,但不肯离开前线。
11. He refused to comply with their wishes.
    他不肯按他们的意愿办。
12. He's refusing to go after all his promises?
    他答应了却又拒绝走吗?
13. They refused to be enslaved and rose in struggle.
    他们不甘心受奴役而起来斗争了。
14. He stubbornly refused to be taught by these mistakes.
    他顽固地不肯从这些错误中吸取教训。
15. The horse refused to jump over the fence.
    马不肯跳过栅栏。
16. The car absolutely refused to start.
    这辆汽车完全发动不起来。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. He doesn't refuse her anything.
   她要什么他就给什么。
2. He refused me permission.
   他拒绝答应我的要求。
3. He refused me shelter.
   他拒绝留我住宿。
4. The firm refused them a prolongation of the terms of payment.
   该公司拒绝了他们延长付款期限的要求。
5. She refused him even a kiss.
   她甚至连他的吻都不肯接受。
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6. They were refused admittance.
   他们被拒绝进入。
7. The cheque has been refused payment.
   这张支票已被拒绝付款。

S+～+ n./pron. +to pron./n.

1. Jack refused money to her.
   杰克不答应给她钱。
2. They refused help to him.
   他们拒绝给他提供帮助。
3. The cinema owners have the right to refuse admission to anyone under eighteen years of age.
   电影院老板有权不让未满18岁的人入场。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Refuse is collected twice a week.
   垃圾每周收两次。
2. The refuse was unloaded at the market dump.
   垃圾被卸在市场垃圾堆里。
3. The street-cleaning department takes away all refuse from the streets.
   环卫部门把垃圾从街道上运走。
4. The truck carried off the refuse.
   卡车把垃圾运走了。
5. Put all the refuse in the dustbin.
   把这些垃圾都放在垃圾箱里。

经典引文

• Slipping over the stones and refuse on the shore.

  出自： Dickens

• No cheque is bad until it's refused by the bank.

  出自： E. Waugh

• The windows all refused to open.

  出自： R. H. Morrieson

• He flatly refused to say why he was there.

  出自： Joan Smith

• I refused all promotions beyond captain.

  出自： K. Vonnegut

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• refuse a command 拒绝执行命令
• refuse a job 拒绝接受工作
• refuse a present 拒绝礼品
• refuse an office 推辞某职务
• refuse bribe 拒绝贿赂
• refuse consent 不答应
• refuse favour 拒绝好意
• refuse gift 拒收礼物
• refuse help 拒绝帮助
• refuse invitation 拒绝邀请
• refuse medicine 拒绝吃药
• refuse obedience 拒绝服从
• refuse promotion 不接受提拔
• refuse request 拒绝要求
• refuse satisfaction 拒绝赔偿
• refuse suitors 拒绝求婚者

～+副词

• refuse arbitrarily 顽固地拒绝
• refuse austerely 严肃地拒绝
• refuse bluntly 干脆地拒绝
• refuse categorically 断然拒绝
• refuse completely 完全拒绝
• refuse courteously 客气地拒绝
• refuse curtly 毫不客气地拒绝
• refuse delicately 小心地拒绝
• refuse doggedly 顽强地拒绝
• refuse emphatically 强硬地拒绝
• refuse firmly 坚决不答应
• refuse flatly 断然拒绝
• refuse gracefully 有礼貌地拒绝
• refuse habitually 习惯性地拒绝
• refuse haughtily 傲慢地拒绝
• refuse honorably 正大光明地拒绝
• refuse indignantly 愤怒地拒绝
• refuse inexorably 无情地拒绝
• refuse modestly 婉言拒绝
• refuse obstinately 顽固地拒绝
• refuse peremptorily 专横地拒绝
• refuse persistently 固执地拒绝
• refuse politely 婉言拒绝
• refuse positively 斩钉截铁地拒绝
• refuse prudently 谨慎地拒绝
• refuse scornfully 轻蔑地拒绝
• refuse scrupulously 小心翼翼地拒绝
• refuse spitefully 恶意地拒绝
• refuse steadfastly 坚定地拒绝
• refuse stubbornly 顽固地拒绝
• refuse stupidly 愚蠢地拒绝

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• carry off refuse 运垃圾
• collect refuse 收垃圾
• put refuse 放垃圾
• take away refuse 运走垃圾

名词+～

• kitchen refuse 厨房垃圾
• tin refuse 废锡
• tin ore refuse 废锡矿

～+名词

• refuse consumer 垃圾焚烧炉
• refuse destructor furnace 毁渣炉
• refuse dump 垃圾堆
• refuse matter 垃圾
• refuse oil 废油
• refuse wood 废木料

词语用法

1. refuse后可接不定式，但不能接动名词。

   He refused to go with us.
   他拒绝和我们一起走。

2. 注意refuse后绝不可接宾语和不定式或者是that从句。

   He refused me to use his bicycle.
   He refused to let me use his bicycle.

3. 表示不接受对方的邀请，请求或是提议时，一般不用refuse或是reject，而常用cannot accept，cannot comply with，decline等。

v. (动词)

1. refuse的基本意思是“拒绝”,指由于不情愿或不愿意而对某项要求或事物给予否定的回答或不接受某物或不肯做某事。在口语中, refuse还可接表示饮食的名词作宾语,意为“吃不来…,喝不来…”。
2. refuse可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后可接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,有时也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化成介词to的宾语。可用于被动结构。
3. refuse的主语一般为人,但间或也可用动物或无生命事物作主语。
4. refuse可用于进行体,表示“坚持”。

n. (名词)

1. refuse用作名词意思是“废料,垃圾”,指人们用过以后的废弃物品或本身没有任何价值,不能被人所利用的物品,是不可数名词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

refuse, decline, reject

• 这三个词的共同意思是“拒绝”。其区别是：
• 1.从语气上来说, refuse是最普通的用词,一般指直接地拒绝,语气不那么委婉。decline语气较委婉,相当于汉语的“谢绝”。例如:
• He declined my invitation because of a previous appointment.因另有约会在先,他谢绝了我的邀请。
• reject语气强烈,用于正式场合,如外交和商业条款之类,表示当面明确地拒绝所给、所请、所提议之事,另外还有抛弃或剔除不适当的或不喜欢的东西的意味。例如:
• He rejected my friendly advice upon further consideration.他经过进一步的考虑,明确地拒绝了我友好的建议。
• 2.从搭配上来说,这三个词都可接名词(如an offer)作宾语,但invitation只能与refer, decline搭配; suggestion只能与reject, decline搭配; permission只能与refuse搭配; plan只能与reject搭配。另外refuse和decline都可接动词不定式作宾语,而reject则不可以。例如:
• He refused〔declined〕 to join us in the game.他拒绝与我们一起游戏。

n. (名词)

refuse, rubbish, waste

• 这三个词都有“废弃物”的意思。其区别是：
• waste 作“废物”解时,是最普通用词,指失去原使用价值的、陈旧、破损了的物品; refuse通常指积聚成一堆的废旧物品或垃圾; rubbish 通常泛指垃圾,包括一切废物,这些废物已毫无用处,毫无价值。例如:
• There are many heaps of refuse along the street. 沿街有许多垃圾。
• The rubbish here must be cleared away as soon as possible.这儿的垃圾必须尽快清除。

refuse，decline，reject，repel，deny

• 这些动词均含“拒绝”之意。
• refuse语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。
• decline指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。
• reject多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝，与之相近的是spurn，鄙弃之意。
• repel作“拒绝”解时，语气比reject强。
• deny指否认（观点）。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他拒绝承认受过贿。

   误 He refused that he had ever taken bribes.

   正 He refused to admit that he had ever taken bribes.

   析 refuse是及物动词,其宾语可是名词、代词或动词不定式,但不能是that引导的从句。

2. 她拒绝接受批评。

   误 She refused accepting the criticism.

   正 She refused to accept the criticism.

   析 refuse后不可接动名词作宾语。

3. 我们谢绝了他的帮助。

   误 We refused his help.

   正 We declined his help.

   析 refuse为一般用语,而decline多指“谢绝”,语气比较委婉。

4. 他不让我用他的计算机。

   误 He refused me to use his computer.

   正 He refused to let me use his computer.

   析 refuse不可接复合宾语。

词源解说

• ☆ 1300年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的refuser；最初源自古典拉丁语的refundere，意为倒回，给回。

近反义词

【近义词】

• rubbish

【反义词】

• accept 接受