refer

英 [rɪ'fɜː(r)] 美 [rɪ'fɜːr]

• vt. 把 ... 提交；把 ... 归因；归类
• vi. 参考；谈及；咨询

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vi. & vt. 提到; 针对

   mention or speak about ; concern; be directed towards or be relevant to

2. vi. 参考; 查阅

   look at for information

3. vt. 送交; 提交

   hand over; submit

4. vt. 归于

   point to as the source or origin of

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 认为
2. 借助
3. 参看，查看，参考
4. 引证，引用
5. 翻阅，查阅，查询
6. 把...提交，交付，送交
7. 委托，付托
8. 有关系
9. 叫...去打听
10. 叫某人参看、查询
11. 把…归因（于）认为…起源（于）
12. 把…归类（于）把…归属（于）
13. 指点，使求助于
14. 论及，谈到，谈及，提及，提到，说到
15. 涉及，有关
16. 针对
17. 关系到
18. 适用于…
19. 请教，求助

英英释义

Verb:

1. make reference to;

   "His name was mentioned in connection with the invention"
   

2. be relevant to;

   "There were lots of questions referring to her talk"
   "My remark pertained to your earlier comments"
   

3. think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another;

   "This plant can be referred to a known species"
   

4. send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision;

   "refer a patient to a specialist"
   "refer a bill to a committee"
   

5. seek information from;

   "You should consult the dictionary"
   "refer to your notes"
   

6. have as a meaning;

   "`multi-' denotes `many' "
   

7. use a name to designate;

   "Christians refer to the mother of Jesus as the Virgin Mary"
   

例句

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. We referred the proposal to the board of directors.
   我们把这一建议提交董事会处理。
2. You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.
   你应当把这事提交总部去决定。
3. He referred all his troubles to bad luck.
   他将他的一切麻烦都归因于运气不好。
4. Botanists refer this flower to the rose family.
   植物学家将这花归入蔷薇科。

用作不及物动词 (vi.)

1. You can refer to a dictionary if necessary.
   如果有必要，你可以参考字典。
2. The speaker often referred to his notes.
   那位演讲者一再参考他的讲稿。
3. Don't refer to this matter again please.
   请不要再提这件事了。
4. She referred to the subject several times during her speech.
   在她的演讲中多次提到这个学科。
5. Refer to the Manager if confusion arises.
   如有不清楚的地方,就咨询经理。

经典引文

• It seems impossible to refer all these well-attested stories to imposition.

  出自： M. R. Mitford

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

refer back (v.+adv.)

转回; 搁置 send back; lay aside
refer sth ⇔ back
The question was referred back.

该问题被搁置。
The decision must be referred back, as there is now fresh information to be considered.

这项决定必须再次提交审议,因为现在有新的情况要考虑。

refer back to (v.+adv.+prep.)

重新提及; 查阅; 使记起或想起 mention sth again; remind (sb) of (sth already seen, spoken, or known)
refer sth back to sth
We referred the matter back to the Finance Committee.

我们把这事转回给财政委员会处理。
The shop referred the complaint back to the makers of the article.

商店把投诉转给了商品制造厂家。 refer back to sth
I would like to refer back to the first of my three points.

我想重新提一下前面谈到的三点中的第一点。
We must refer back to the first letter we received from that firm.

我们必须回头查阅那家公司发给我们的第一封信。
No referring back to books and notes!

不准看书和笔记! refer sb back to sth
May I refer you back to my earlier remarks on this subject?

能否让我向你重提一下我在这个问题上先前讲过的话?

refer to (v.+prep.)

为…而向…提及 speak about sth for sth
refer to sb/sth
Many teachers talk at length about educational principles without once referring to a real child.

许多老师滔滔不绝地谈论教学原则,却不提及一个实实在在的学生。
Don't refer to the matter again.

不要再提这件事了。
No one referred to yesterday's quarrel.

谁也没有提昨天吵架的事。
The speaker referred to the past to make his point.

发言人谈到了过去来证明自己的观点。
It was unwise in your speech to refer to rising unemployment.

你在发言中提到失业人数的增长是不明智的。 refer to sb/sth
Does your remark refer to all of us?

你的评论是针对我们所有的人吗?
When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.

当我说有些人很蠢这句话的时候,我指的不是你。
We referred to the U.S. Cabinet as of Sept.1,1958.

我们指的是1958年9月1日当时的美国内阁。 refer to sb/sth
The regulations refer only to children.

这些规定只适用于儿童。
The new law does not refer to land used for farming.

那条新法律并不涉及农业用地。 refer sb/sth to sb/sth
For further particulars I refer you to my secretary.

详情请问我的秘书。
If he gives any more trouble you refer him to me.

如果他再找麻烦,叫他来找我。
He referred the case to the High Court.

他把案子提交给高级法院处理。
The members referred the question to the committee, as they were unable to reach a decision.

成员们把这个问题交给委员会处理,因为他们无法形成决议。
I was referred to the manager.

我被吩咐去和经理接洽。
The dispute was referred to the United Nations.

这场争执已提交联合国处理。 refer to sth
If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.

如果你不知道那个词的确切含义,可查阅词典。
Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.

当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典。
By referring to his notes, the speaker was able to give the exact details required.

翻阅了一下他的笔记,发言人能够把所要求的精确的细节讲述出来。
I referred to my watch for the exact time.

我看了一下手表好知道准确时间。 refer sb to sth
The asterisk refers the reader to a footnote.

星号是让读者参看脚注。 refer sth to sth
Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.

有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳,而不认为是缺乏能力。
Many successful businessmen refer their success to hard work and good judgement.

许多成功的商人把自己的成功归功于自己的辛勤劳动和正确的判断。
The invention of the compass was referred to China.

指南针是中国发明的。
This style of music is generally referred to the 18th century.

这种音乐风格通常属于18世纪。 refer oneself to sb
He never refers himself to us when he has difficulties.

当他有困难时,从不求助于我们。 refer to sb for sth
He referred to me for information.

他向我打听消息。
The minister often refers to his connoisseurs and other experts for necessary information.

部长经常向他手下的行家和其他专家询问必要的信息。

refer to...as

把…称为; 认为…是 regard sb/sth as what sb/sth is
refer to sb/sth as n\u002e
The children used to refer to that old teacher as Grandpa.

孩子们通常称这位老教师为爷爷。
Don't refer to your sister as a silly pig.

别把你妹妹叫笨猪。
On all occasions he referred to us as lads.

在一切场合他都管我们叫小伙子们。
They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.

他们把这种艺术叫做微型艺术。
The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.

这位科学家提到这一发现时,说这是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
English is referred to as a universal language.

英语被称为世界语言。
Coal is often referred to as food for industry.

煤通常被称作工业的粮食。
A ship is sometimes referred to as “she”.

有时候用“她”来称呼船。
All these are referred to as animals.

这些都叫做动物。
California is referred to as the Golden State.

加利福尼亚州被称为黄金之州。
Accounting principles are also referred to as standards.

会计原则也可称作会计标准。
A portion of the waves is there reflected from the object encountered and forms what is referred to as the echo signal.

然后,一部分这种波从所遇到的物体反射回来,形成一种信号,称为回波信号。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• refer briefly 简短地提到
• refer generally 通常称为
• refer obviously 显然是
• refer roughly 粗略地提到
• refer back 重新回到

～+介词

• refer to 提及,涉及
• refer to children 涉及小孩
• refer to one's past experiences 提起过去的经历

词语用法

1. refer to 意思为“提及”，“参考”等，不论是及物还是不及物，其后的介词to都不能省略。

   She referred me to the dictionary.
   She referred to the dictionary.

v. (动词)

1. refer的基本意思是“提及”,指直接地、有意地、明确地提到某事。含有说话人有资格对某事作出判断的意味。refer也可作“查阅”解,指顺便地查阅或对问题的某一点翻查权威资料,还可作“归于”解。
2. refer无论作不及物动词还是及物动词一般都须与介词to搭配。refer to表示“查阅,参考”“提到,提及”“对…而言,适用于”; refer...to则表示“把…提交给…”“把…归功于…”“把…称作…”。
3. 在refer...to结构中, refer可接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。refer to还可接以as短语充当宾语补足语的复合宾语,意思是“把…称为”“认为…是…”。可用于被动结构。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

refer, advert, allude

• 这三个词的共同意思是“提到”,其区别是：
• allude指间接提到或略微一提; advert指漫不经心地提及; refer指直接、明确地提到。

refer, ascribe, attribute, impute

• 这四个词的共同意思是“归于…”或“归因于…”。其区别是：
• 1.attribute和ascribe既可用于积极意义,也可用于消极意义; 而impute则主要用于坏的方面,常表示“归罪于或嫁祸于…”。
• 2.refer与attribute相比词义较弱。
• 3.attribute强调客观性; ascribe则表示主观臆断。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 既然你说到有些人很愚蠢,那你指的是谁?

   误 Who were you referring when you said some people were stupid?

   正 Who were you referring to when you said some people were stupid?

2. 司令员提到了战争时期的经历。

   误 The commander referred his experience during the war.

   正 The commander referred to his experience during the war.

3. 委员会成员之间的纠纷都提交主席去解决。

   误 The dispute between the committee members is referred the chairman.

   正 The dispute between the committee members is referred to the chairman.

   析 refer表示“谈到,提及”“涉及”“查阅”时,是不及物动词,与介词to连用。

4. 当她有困难的时候,从不求助于别人。

   误 She never refers to others when she has difficulties.

   正 She never refers herself to others when she has difficulties.

   析 表示“求助于…”应说refer oneself to, refer用作及物动词,通常接oneself作宾语。

5. 他向我们打听消息。

   误 He referred us for information.

   正 He referred to us for information.

   析 refer to sb for sth 意思是“为某事而向某人提及”,亦即“向某人询问或打听某事”,其中to不可缺少。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的referer；最初源自拉丁语的referre，意为拿回，带回。

近反义词

【近义词】

• cite
• quote
• concern
• deal
• regard
• relate
• mention