lean

英 [liːn] 美 [liːn]

• v. 倾斜；倾向；依靠；倚；屈身
• adj. 瘦的；贫乏的；无脂肪的
• n. 瘦肉；倾斜，倾向

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 倾斜,屈身

   slope or bend from an upright position

2. vt. 倚,靠

   support or rest oneself in a bent or sloping position

3. vt. 依赖

   need the help of; depend on

adj. (形容词)

1. 瘦的;少脂肪的

   not having much flesh;healthily thin;not having much fat

2. 贫瘠的;收益差的

   producing or having little value

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 倾斜，倾向，偏向，倾侧，弯斜
2. 倚靠，倚，靠，仰靠
3. 依靠，依赖
4. 躬屈，屈身，倾身
5. 使倾斜，使斜靠
6. 偏袒
7. 依偎
8. 倾向于
9. 使变瘦，使瘦弱
10. 变瘦

adj. 形容词

1. 瘦的，精瘦的
2. 贫乏的，贫弱的
3. 瘠薄的，贫瘠的
4. 枯燥无味的
5. 不毛的，没收成的
6. 利益少的，不合算的
7. 无脂肪的，少脂肪的
8. 缺乏营养的

n. 名词

1. 瘦肉
2. 倾斜，倾向
3. 偏差
4. 低品位

英英释义

Noun:

1. the property possessed by a line or surface that departs from the vertical;

   "the tower had a pronounced tilt"
   "the ship developed a list to starboard"
   "he walked with a heavy inclination to the right"
   

Adjective:

1. lacking excess flesh;

   "you can't be too rich or too thin"
   "Yon Cassius has a lean and hungry look"
   

2. lacking in mineral content or combustible material;

   "lean ore"
   "lean fuel"
   

3. containing little excess;

   "a lean budget"
   "a skimpy allowance"
   

4. not profitable or prosperous;

   "a lean year"
   

Verb:

1. to incline or bend from a vertical position;

   "She leaned over the banister"
   

2. cause to lean or incline;

   "He leaned his rifle against the wall"
   

3. have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined;

   "She tends to be nervous before her lectures"
   "These dresses run small"
   "He inclined to corpulence"
   

4. rely on for support;

   "We can lean on this man"
   

5. cause to lean to the side;

   "Erosion listed the old tree"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. The trees leant in the wind.
   树在风中倾斜。
2. Kids today lean toward casual clothes.
   今天的孩子倾向于穿随便的衣服。
3. I lean towards letting him go alone.
   我倾向于让他一个人去。
4. We lean on our friends when we are in trouble.
   我们遇到困难时依靠朋友帮助。
5. He leant on the back of the sofa.
   他斜靠在沙发的背上。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The little girl only eats lean pork.
   这个小女孩只吃瘦肉。
2. I am afraid he is too lean to endure it.
   我担心他太瘦，承受不住它。
3. She felt the drag of a lean and narrow life.
   她意识到他们的日子很艰难。
4. But even lean red meat seems to increase the risk of colon cancer.
   但即使是无脂肪的瘦肉也似乎会增加结肠癌的罹患率。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The post leans a little bit.
   这个邮箱有点倾斜。
2. That wall leans so much it might fall over.
   那堵墙倾斜得很厉害,有可能倒塌。
3. Don't you notice that the wall leans?
   难道你没有注意到这墙是倾斜的吗?
4. The building leaned before it was renovated.
   在修复前,那栋楼倾斜着。

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. He has a lean handsome face.
   他的脸清瘦而英俊。
2. Lean meat is healthier for you than fatty meat.
   瘦肉比肥肉更有益于健康。
3. In recent years, the cinema has fallen on lean times.
   近几年,电影业遇上了不景气时期。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. His body was lean and hard, like a leopard's.
   他的身子瘦而结实,像豹子似的。
2. With our cuts in staff our company is leaner and more profitable.
   我们公司因裁减人员而变得更精干,更有经济效益。

经典引文

• Jack Sprat could eat no fat, his wife could eat no lean.

  出自：Nursery rhyme

• The lean captain of a trading-vessel envies the big-paunched wine-shop proprietor.

  出自： R. Graves

• I leaned towards them so as not to miss a single word.

  出自： H. Jacobson

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

lean against (v.+prep.)

对…有看法 regard (sb or an opinion) with disfavour
lean against sth
Lean against my arm,I will support you.

靠在我胳膊上,我来扶住你。
The boy stood leaning against the sofa.

那个男孩倚着沙发站着。
The old man leaned against the wall, bewailing his misfortune.

老汉靠在墙上,哀叹自己的不幸。
We had to lean against the strong wind in order to move forward at all.

为了继续前进,我们只好顶着大风走。 lean sth against sth
He leaned his back against the wall.

他背靠在墙上。
The child leaned his back against the fence.

孩子靠在栅栏上。
Lean the board against the wall, it is in the way.

把板子靠在墙上,它挡道。
Lean a ladder against a wall.

把梯子靠在墙上。 lean against sth
The courts tend to be influenced by a man's past, and lean against such a prisoner, so it is no longer permitted in court to mention a man's earlier crimes.

在押犯的历史容易影响法官的态度,从而产生偏见。所以,法庭上再也不容许提及被告人有前科。

lean back (v.+adv.)

仰靠着,向后靠 hold oneself or sth at an angle in a backward direction
lean back
The old woman leaned back in the chair and took a nap.

老妇人靠在椅子上打盹。
The willows leaned back under a stiff wind.

柳树被风吹得直向后仰。
I leaned back to get a better view, and fell off the chair.

我向后仰,本想看清楚些,结果却从椅子上摔了下来。 lean sth ⇔ back
We leaned the poles back against the wall.

我们把这些竿子斜倚在墙上。
Please don't lean your chair back, you'll break it.

请不要坐在椅子上往后仰,你会把椅子弄坏的。

lean down (v.+adv.)

向下弯 hold oneself or sth at an angle in a downward direction
lean down
Tony was too tall that he had to lean down to get through the doorway.

托尼个子太高了,进门时不得不弯下腰来。
The branches leaned down to the ground, heavy with the weight of the fruit.

累累的果实使枝头垂向地面。 lean sb/sth ⇔ down to-v
She leaned her face down to be kissed by the child.

她弯下腰让孩子吻她。

lean forward (v.+adv.)

倾向 hold oneself or sth at an angle towards sth or sb
lean forward
He leaned forward and looked into the hole.

他弯腰往洞里张望。
Don't lean too far forward, you might fall over board.

身子不要向前探过头,那样会从船甲板上掉下去的。
He leaned forward and patted me on the shoulder.

他向前倾着身子并拍我的肩膀。 lean sth ⇔ forward
He leaned his head forward.

他低着头。
I leaned my head forward to hear what they were saying.

我把头掉过去,听听他们在说什么。

lean on〔upon〕 (v.+prep.)

威胁,逼迫 threaten or force (sb) to act
lean on〔upon〕 sb/sth
Lean on me if you feel dizzy.

如果你觉得头晕,就靠在我身上好了。
Don't lean so heavily on me.

别这么使劲地靠在我身上。
I know you are tired;please lean on my arm.

我知道你累了,请靠在我臂上吧。
Lean on my arm,I will help you to walk.

靠着我的肩头,我扶着你走。
If you lean upon those wet railings you'll dirty your sleeve.

你若靠在那些湿栏杆上,会弄脏袖子的。
He leaned upon the table.

他靠在桌子上。
She sang the song leaning on the piano.

她倚着钢琴唱这支歌。 lean sth on〔upon〕 sb/sth
Leaning her head on my shoulder, she began to cry.

她把头靠在我的肩上哭了起来。
Don't lean your elbows upon the table, it's not polite.

别把胳膊肘支在桌子上,那样不礼貌。 lean on〔upon〕 sb/sth
Do not lean too much on others.

不要太依赖别人。
They always lean on us when they're in trouble.

他们有麻烦时总是依赖我们。
You have to make your own way in the world, and not lean on your father for the rest of your life.

你得自己闯出一条路来,不能后半辈子也依靠你父亲。
Do it yourself, don't lean on others for support.

自己做,不要依赖别人的支持。 lean on sb
If you pay the gang the thousand pounds, they'll only lean on you for more.

如果你把这一千英镑拿给这帮歹徒,他们只会向你勒索更多的钱。
We were supposed to share the profit from the jewel robbery, but now he's hidden them— we might have to lean on him a little.

珠宝本应平分,可他却把东西藏了起来,看来我们得给他点颜色。

lean out (v.+adv.)

探出 hold oneself or sth at an angle outside somewhere, as a window
lean out
Please don't lean out.

请别把头探出去。
She went to the window and leaned out.

她走向窗子,将身子伸出去。 lean sth ⇔ out
Lean your head out for a moment and see if it's raining.

把头伸出去,看看是不是在下雨。

lean over¹ (v.+adv.)

弯曲,倾斜 hold oneself or itself at an angle; bend at the waist
lean over
He went to the parapet and leaned over.

他走到栏杆前,俯身靠在栏杆上。
John leaned over and whispered something into my ear.

约翰伸过头来,向我轻轻耳语了一番。
The small tree leans over in the wind.

那棵小树在风中倾斜着。
The old building is leaning over at a dangerous angle and may fall at any moment.

这座年代已久的建筑已倾斜到了很危险的程度,随时都有可能倒塌。
As Jim leaned over to pick up the pen, he felt a sharp pain in his back.

吉姆弯腰拾钢笔时,后背一阵剧痛。

lean over² (v.+prep.)

趴在…上 bend over sth or sb
lean over sb/sth
Please don't lean over me while I'm working, it annoys me.

我干活时别趴在我身上,怪烦人的。
If you lean over the railing and look ahead , you'll see the river.

你凭栏远眺,就可以看到那条河。
The pair of lovers were leaning over the bridge, looking into the water.

这对情侣趴在桥上,望着河水。
The clerk leaned over the counter.

那位职员趴在柜台上。

lean over backward(s) (v.+adv.+adv.)

极力,拼命 try to do sth
lean over backward to-v
He leans over backwards to make up for what he has lost.

他尽力弥补他的损失。
Jackson is leaning over backwards to persuade his wealthy uncle.

杰克逊想尽种种办法去讨好他那个有钱的叔叔。
He leaned over backwards to prove he was unprejudiced.

他极力证明自己是没有成见的。
Tom leaned over backwards to try to impress the manager.

汤姆尽力想给经理一个好印象。
I practically leaned over backwards to persuade him to stay, but to no avail.

为劝他留下来,我可算是苦口婆心,可他说什么也不肯。
I've leant over backwards to help her.

我已竭尽全力帮助她。

lean to (v.+prep.)

倾向于…,同意… be likely to agree with sth

lean towards (v.+prep.)

倾向于… (cause to) move one's opinion more in favour of a different opinion or belief
lean towards sb/sth
The child leaned towards his mother and fell headlong in front of her.

孩子向母亲弯过身去,在她面前一头栽倒了。
I had to lean towards the secretary to hear what she was saying.

为了听清秘书在说什么,我只好把身子探过去。
If you lean too far towards the water, you might fall in.

你身子要是朝水面斜得太厉害,说不定要掉进水里。 lean towards sth/v-ing
Young people today lean towards casual clothes.

现在的年轻人倾向于穿休闲装。
Having lived in Shanghai for a decade or so, he still leans towards his native dishes.

在上海虽已住了10年左右,他还是喜欢吃家乡菜。
His interest leans towards biochemistry.

他的兴趣在生物化学方面。
Personally I lean towards a teaching career.

就我个人来说,我倾向于从事教学工作。
I lean towards the belief that there should be education for everybody.

我倾向于这样的信念,教育应当面向大众。
Do some oriental philosophies lean towards fatalism?

有些东方的哲学家倾向于宿命论吗?
He leans towards the opinion that we should leave here at once.

他倾向于我们马上离开这儿。
I lean towards letting him go along.

我倾向于让他一个人去。 lean sb towards sth/v-ing
Recent events lean me more towards favouring longer years of imprisonment.

最近发生的事件更使我倾向于这种意见:延长罪犯关押年限。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• lean confidentially 秘密地倾斜
• lean dizzily 令人眩晕地倾斜
• lean gracefully 优美地倾斜
• lean impulsively 有冲击力地倾斜
• lean indolently 懒惰地倚靠
• lean mechanically 机械地倾斜
• lean perilously 危险地倾斜
• lean placidly 静静地倾斜
• lean sharply 倾斜得很厉害
• lean wearily 令人厌烦地依靠
• lean back 向后仰
• lean back in one's chair 舒服地仰在椅子上
• lean backwards 向后倾
• lean down to 屈身…
• lean forwards 向前倾
• lean over backwards 走另一极端,矫枉过正

～+介词

• lean across a table 隔着桌子探身到…
• lean against 靠在…上
• lean against the door 靠门站着
• lean on〔upon〕 倚,靠在…上,依靠
• lean on a desk 倚在书桌上
• lean on others for help 依赖别人的帮助
• lean on a walking stick 依杖而立
• lean to 倾向,偏向
• lean to that opinion 倾向那个意见
• lean towards 朝…倾斜,倾向,偏向
• lean towards the south 朝南倾斜
• lean towards the telephone wires 朝电话线那边倾斜着

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• lean athletic body 瘦而矫健的身体
• lean diet〔harvest〕 缺乏营养的饮食〔收歉〕
• lean face 清瘦的脸
• lean times 萧条的时期

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. lean的基本意思是指由于受力的作用,使原本垂直的人或物成为倾斜状态,即“倾斜”,或指两个人或事物相互接触,使二者达到一种平衡状态,即“靠”。引申可指“依赖”。
2. lean主要用作不及物动词,作“靠”解时还可用作及物动词。lean后接介词against或on可表示“靠在…上”。
3. lean的过去式和过去分词有两种形式,即leaned, leaned和leant, leant。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

lean, emaciated, haggard, spare, thin

• 这组词都可表示“瘦”。其区别是：
• spare指人的身材给人以美感的瘦; thin既可指人的身材,也可指人的身体某部位瘦,大多数指因疾病或疲劳而消瘦; emaciated表示的“瘦”主要是由疾病和营养不良造成的; haggard指人的面孔憔悴的,枯槁的,主要是由于忧虑和少眠所致; lean指人天生瘦,是缺少脂肪的意思。例如:
• She was a tall, spare girl.她是个瘦高个儿的姑娘。
• His face was thin.他的脸瘦。
• He was emaciated by long illness.他由于长期生病而瘦弱了。
• The haggard faces of the rescued miners showed what they had suffered.被救出的矿工枯槁的面容表明他们遭受了什么样的苦难。
• He had the lean fit look of a trained athlete.他具有一个受过训练的运动员的清瘦而健康的面容。

lean, gaunt, slender, thin

• 这组词都可形容人“瘦”。其区别是：
• thin指因病、过分劳累或缺乏营养等而缺少正常的肌肉; gaunt指因饥饿或操劳过度而呈现的枯瘦或憔悴的面庞; lean强调缺乏脂肪,指自然的瘦,其肌肉却很结实; slender可指人或动物,作“细长的,苗条的”解,有时含有“纤弱”的意思。例如:
• He has the gaunt face of a starving man.他是一副憔悴的面容的饿汉相。
• The forest ranger is lean.那位森林警察很结实。
• She admired Alice's slender build.她羡慕艾丽斯那苗条的身材。

lean，slender，slim，slight，thin

• 这些形容词均有“瘦的”之意。
• lean侧重缺少脂肪。既可能是因病而瘦，也可能因饥饿而消瘦；也指身体消瘦，但肌肉结实，身体健康。
• slender指身体细长、体态优美、苗条适中，多用于指女性。
• slim指身体的细长，体重轻不着重外形的优美，可用于不同的性别，常用于减轻体重的人。
• slight指身材又瘦又小。
• thin普通用词，指腰细、骨架窄，常因疾病或疲劳而消瘦。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的hleonian；最初源自,原始日耳曼语的khlinen，意为弯曲，斜倚，躺下。

近反义词

【近义词】

• bare
• barren
• spare
• thin

【反义词】

• fat
• fleshy