file

英 [faɪl] 美 [faɪl]

• n. 档案；卷宗；文件；锉刀，指甲锉
• vt. 把 ... 归档；提出(申请书、议案等)

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 把…归档

   place in a file; place on record

2. vt. 提交(申请等),呈递

   send sth so that it may be recorded

3. vi. 排成纵队前进

   march or walk in the specified direction in a single line

4. vt. 用锉锉

   cut or shape with a file

n. (名词)

1. [C]文件夹,公文箱

   a box for storing papers in an ordered way in an office

2. [C]卷宗,文件; 计算机文件

   store of papers on one subject; organized collection of related data or material in a computer

3. [C]纵列

   line of people or things one behind the other

英英释义

Noun:

1. a set of related records (either written or electronic) kept together

2. a line of persons or things ranged one behind the other

3. office furniture consisting of a container for keeping papers in order

4. a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its surfaces; used for smoothing wood or metal

Verb:

1. record in a public office or in a court of law;

   "file for divorce"
   "file a complaint"
   

2. smooth with a file;

   "file one's fingernails"
   

3. proceed in line;

   "The students filed into the classroom"
   

4. file a formal charge against;

   "The suspect was charged with murdering his wife"
   

5. place in a container for keeping records;

   "File these bills, please"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. Put this letter in the main file.
   把这封信放在主要文件夹中。
2. Would you please take a seat while I look into our file?
   你先坐一下,我给你查一下我们的卷宗?
3. Put this letter in the main file.
   把这封信放在主要文件夹中。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Please file those letters.
   请把这些信件存档。
2. Please file the original Articles and return the certified copies to me at the above address.
   请将公司大纲原件存档,并把经核实的副本按上述地址退还与我。
3. If a prisoner is not satisfied with the effective judgment, he may file a petition.
   第二十一条罪犯对生效的判决不服的,可以提出申诉。
4. We regret to inform you that the goods were underweight and we cannot but file a claim against you.
   我们很遗憾地告知你方货物重量不足,我们不得不向你方提出索赔。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. They filed an application to have their case heard early.
   他们申请早日审理他们的案子。
2. It was announced the Vice Director had filed his resignation.
   已公布副局长书面提出辞呈。
3. She was filing her nails.
   她在锉指甲。
4. They are filing the teeth of a saw.
   他们正在用锉子锉锯齿。
1
5. Adoption papers were duly filed in May 1974.
   有关收养的文件在1974年5月就已归档好。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. He filed the wood smooth.
   他把木头锉光滑。
2. Try to file the nail sharp.
   设法把钉子锉尖。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Fran came in holding a blue file.
   弗兰拿着一个蓝色的文件夹进来了。
2. Put this letter in the main file.
   将这函件放入文卷总档中。
3. The soldiers were walking in single file.
   战士们排成一列纵队前进。

经典引文

• He nodded at a manilla file reposing on his otherwise immaculate desk.

  出自： D. Lodge

• His..wife sat filing her fingernails.

  出自： C. McCullers

• I sent the silly thing to headquarters, but they will have filed it among the other missives of madmen.

  出自： A. Burgess

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

file away (v.+adv.)

锉掉 remove
file sth ⇔ away
I'll ask the secretary to file these letters away.

我让秘书把这些信件归档。
I'll file his name away for future use.

我把他的名字记住,将来有用。
Just file this correspondence away under “Forecasts of Sales”, will you,Miss Brown?

布朗小姐,请将这封信件归在“销售预报”一档里,好吗?
They don't read the letters from the peasants.They just file them away.

他们对农民的来信并不看而是归档保存起来。 file away
You have to file away for hours to get this metal smooth.

你得锉上几个小时才能使这金属变得光滑。 file sth ⇔ away
He files away the rough edges.

他把粗毛边锉去。
The owner's name marked on this cigarette lighter has been filed away by the thief.

打火机上主人的名字已被这个贼锉掉了。

file down (v.+adv.)

将某物锉光滑,锉小 make sth smooth and smaller in size by using a filing
file sth ⇔ down
The door won't fit, you'll have to file it down.

这门关不上,你得把它锉一锉 。
File down the woodwork before you paint it.

上油漆前,先把这木器打磨光滑。
My nails are too long,I must file them down.

我的指甲太长了,必须把它们磨小。

file for (v.+prep.)

〈美〉申请,诉之法律 apply to; bring an action to a lawcourt
file for sth
The actor's wife has filed for divorce again .

这位演员的妻子再一次申请离婚。
How many people have filed for this office?

有好多人申请进入这办事处工作吗?

file in (v.+prep.)

鱼贯而入 march into
file in some place
The students filed in the classroom.

学生们鱼贯而入教室。

file onto (v.+prep.)

排成纵队朝某方向前进 march in the specified direction in a single line
file onto sth
The men filed onto the parade ground.

士兵们排成单行进入阅兵场。

file out of (v.+adv.+prep.)

鱼贯而出 go out in a single
file out of sth
The jury filed out of the courtroom.

陪审员们从法庭里鱼贯而出。
When there is a fire, people file out of the building in an orderly way.

失火时,人们要一个接一个地离开大楼。

file past (v.+prep.)

走过 go past
file past sth
The soldiers filed past the general.

士兵们排成单行从将军面前走过。
Hundreds of people filed past the body of the dead leader, to pay their last respects.

数百人排队瞻仰逝世领导人的遗容。

file through (v.+prep.)

排队行进 march through in a single
file sth through sth
The undergrowth was so thick that we had to file our way through it.

下层灌木丛太密,我们只得成纵队行进。

file with (v.+prep.)

提交 give sth to
file sth with sb/sth
He has filed his resignation with the manager.

他已向经理提出辞呈。
She filed an application with several employment agencies.

她已经向几个职业介绍所提交了求职申请书。
He filed an accusation with the police.

他向警方申诉。
A lot of applications have been filed with the department.

这个部门接到许多求职申请书。
The document has been filed with the director.

文件已经交给主任了。

用作名词 (n.)

file on

有关…的资料 material about sth

on file

存档,有案可查 kept in a file

the rank and file

列兵,普通老百姓 soldiers; common people

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• file an application 递交申请
• file letters 把信件归档
• file a petition 提交请愿书
• file a suit against sb 告某人一状

～+副词

• file away 把…归档,排成纵队出发,把…锉平
• file away letters 把信件归档
• file away the rough edges 把粗边锉平
• file off 排成纵队出发
• file out 鱼贯而出,陆续退出

～+介词

• file by 成纵队走过
• file for 提出…申请
• file for divorce 申请离婚
• file for a job 申请就业
• file in 鱼贯而入,陆续编入
• file into 成纵队进入
• file into the room 鱼贯而入房间
• file on application 提出申请书
• file out of the room 鱼贯走出房间
• file past 成纵队走过…
• file past the rostrum 列队走过检阅台

用作名词 (n.)

形容词+～

• confidential file 机密档案

名词+～

• data file 数据文件
• text file 文本档案

～+名词

• file name 档案名

词语用法

1. 单独的file一词在美式英语里可以用作“提出申请”的意思。

   The inspection report has already been filed with the manager.
   值得注意的是里面的介词用with，而不是to。

2. file与keep on file意思不同，keep on file有存档的意思。

v. (动词)

1. file用作名词时意思是“档案”“纵队”,转化为动词意思是“归档”“排成纵队前进”。
2. file作“用锉锉”解时,是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,也可接由形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. file表示“向谁呈递”时,与with连用。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

file, line, row

• 这三个词都有“行,列”的意思。其区别在于：
• 1.row指横向有秩序排成的一行。
• 2.file指一群人以一个接一个的方式纵向站立或行走的队列。例如:
• They walked in a file down the hill.他们排成队一个接着一个地走下山。
• 3.line既可指横列,也可指纵列,多用于抽象事物。例如:
• The number of passengers by this line fell off slightly in January.1月份这条航线的乘客数量略有减少。
• The enemy fell back on the second line of defence.敌人退守第二道防线。

row，queue，line，rank，file

• 这些名词均含“列、队、排”之意。
• row指单独的一列，也可指平行的数行中的一行，而不论是横或纵。
• queue指人们为做某事而有顺序排成的队，在等的过程中不断向前移动。
• line指人或物排成的行列。
• rank为军事用语，指肩并肩排列整齐的士兵横排。
• file为军事用语，指纵队。

词源解说

• ☆ 15世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的filer，意为将文件串在一丝线上，以便保存及查阅。

近反义词

【近义词】

• document

【反义词】

• rank