tough

英 [tʌf] 美 [tʌf]

• adj. 强硬的；棘手的，难办的；艰苦的；严厉的；牢固的，强壮的；坚强的，坚韧的
• adv. 以强硬的态度；强硬地，顽强地
• n. 暴徒; 恶棍

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 坚韧的

   not easily cut

2. 坚强的

   able to endure hardship

3. 粗暴的

   rough

4. 老的,硬的

   hard to cut or chew

5. 严格的,强硬的

   severe

6. 困难的

   difficult

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 强硬的，坚固的
2. 棘手的
3. 坚强的，不屈不挠的，坚韧不拔的，能吃苦耐劳的
4. 老的，难切开的，嚼不烂的
5. 倒霉的
6. 顽固的，固执的
7. 无法无天的
8. 健壮的
9. 艰难的，艰苦的
10. 无情的，严厉的

adv. 副词

1. 以强硬的态度，不妥协地

n. 名词

1. <美>恶棍，粗暴的人，无赖，流氓，歹徒，暴徒
2. 顽童

v. 动词

1. 坚持，挨过，忍耐困难

英英释义

Noun:

1. someone who learned to fight in the streets rather than being formally trained in the sport of boxing

2. an aggressive and violent young criminal

3. a cruel and brutal fellow

Adjective:

1. not given to gentleness or sentimentality;

   "a tough character"
   

2. very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution;

   "a rugged competitive examination"
   "the rugged conditions of frontier life"
   "the competition was tough"
   "it's a tough life"
   "it was a tough job"
   

3. physically toughened;

   "the tough bottoms of his feet"
   

4. substantially made or constructed;

   "sturdy steel shelves"
   "sturdy canvas"
   "a tough all-weather fabric"
   "some plastics are as tough as metal"
   

5. violent and lawless;

   "the more ruffianly element"
   "tough street gangs"
   

6. feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad');

   "my throat feels bad"
   "she felt bad all over"
   "he was feeling tough after a restless night"
   

7. resistant to cutting or chewing

8. unfortunate or hard to bear;

   "had hard luck"
   "a tough break"
   

9. making great mental demands; hard to comprehend or solve or believe;

   "a baffling problem"
   "I faced the knotty problem of what to have for breakfast"
   "a problematic situation at home"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The government is taking a tough line on drug abuse.
   政府对滥用麻醉药品采取强硬方针。
2. I am well aware that this is a tough job.
   我深知这是一件棘手的工作。
3. Conditions are rather tough here.
   这里条件比较艰苦。
4. The law is tough on offenders.
   该法律对违法者处罚很严厉。

用作名词 (n.)

1. A gang of toughs attacked the police.
   一群暴徒袭击了警察。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. He has a tough character.
   他有一个坚韧的性格。
2. She is a tough person.
   她是一个坚强的人。
3. This is a tough problem.
   这是一个难题。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. He is dreadfully tough.
   他极其粗鲁。
2. The meat is inedibly tough.
   这肉老得不能吃。
3. This policy is very tough.
   这个政策是很强硬的。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. They are very tough on drunk drivers.
   他们对酒后驾车者十分严格。

S+be+～+to- v

1. He is tough to work with.
   他很难共事。

经典引文

• The dermis, the tough fibrous tissue of the skin.

  出自：Health Now

• A tough impact-resistant thermoplastic housing.

  出自：Skin Diver

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

get tough with

采用强硬手段take severe measures

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• tough competition 激烈的竞争

副词+～

• dreadfully tough 极其粗鲁的

～+动词

• tough to work with 很难与…共事

～+介词

• tough on 对…很严格

词语用法

1. tough作形容词时可表示“凶恶的”的意思，还可作名词表示“恶棍”的意思，都是美式英语的用法。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的toh；最初源自古日耳曼语的tankhuz，意为困难的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• hard
• leathery
• strong

【反义词】

• weak

派生词

adj.(形容词)

• toughish adj. 有点儿强硬的‖toughly adv. 有点儿强硬地‖toughness n. 坚韧,严格‖toughen vti. (使某物〔人〕)坚韧,坚强,强硬