spread

英 [spred] 美 [spred]

• v. 传播；展开；散布；铺开；伸展；涂撒
• n. 范围；传播；差额；幅度；盛宴

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 伸开,展开,摊开

   become wider

2. vt. & vi. 传播,散布

   (cause to) become widely known

n. (名词)

1. [S] 传播,蔓延

   the act or action of spreading

2. [C] 幅度,范围

   a range or area over which sth spreads

3. [U] 涂抹食品的酱

   a soft food for spreading on bread, etc.

4. [C] 整版的文章,整版的广告

   a newspaper or magazine article or advertisement usually covering one or more pages and with pictures

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 传播，普及，散布
2. 伸开，摊开，展开，打开，张开，散开，铺开，被展开
3. 撒
4. 分布
5. 延续，继续
6. 陈列
7. 延长，伸长
8. 蔓延（开），传（播）开
9. 流开，传开，流传
10. 扩张，扩大
11. 涂，敷
12. （使）伸展，（使）延伸，展延，展宽
13. 摆好（餐桌）
14. <美>记载，把…记入
15. 拖延
16. 渗开，涂开

n. 名词

1. 蔓延，传播
2. 范围
3. 伸展，扩展，扩张
4. 普及，流行
5. 宽度
6. 桌布
7. 床罩
8. 涂食品的果酱
9. 价格差异
10. 一片区域
11. 整版的大广告
12. <口>盛宴
13. <美口>大农场，大牧场
14. 大房子
15. 扩展度

adj. 形容词

1. 伸展的，展开的
2. 扩大的，扩延的
3. 广大的，大幅的
4. 薄而无光泽的
5. 分散的
6. 叉形的

英英释义

Noun:

1. process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

2. a conspicuous disparity or difference as between two figures;

   "gap between income and outgo"
   "the spread between lending and borrowing costs"
   

3. farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle)

4. a haphazard distribution in all directions

5. a tasty mixture to be spread on bread or crackers or used in preparing other dishes

6. a meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyed;

   "a banquet for the graduating seniors"
   "the Thanksgiving feast"
   "they put out quite a spread"
   

7. two facing pages of a book or other publication

8. the expansion of a person's girth (especially at middle age);

   "she exercised to avoid that middle-aged spread"
   

9. decorative cover for a bed

10. act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time

Adjective:

1. distributed or spread over a considerable extent;

   "has ties with many widely dispersed friends"
   "eleven million Jews are spread throughout Europe"
   

2. prepared or arranged for a meal; especially having food set out;

   "a table spread with food"
   

3. fully extended in width;

   "outspread wings"
   "with arms spread wide"
   

Verb:

1. distribute or disperse widely;

   "The invaders spread their language all over the country"
   

2. become distributed or widespread;

   "the infection spread"
   "Optimism spread among the population"
   

3. spread across or over;

   "A big oil spot spread across the water"
   

4. spread out or open from a closed or folded state;

   "open the map"
   "spread your arms"
   

5. cause to become widely known;

   "spread information"
   "circulate a rumor"
   "broadcast the news"
   

6. become widely known and passed on;

   "the rumor spread"
   "the story went around in the office"
   

7. strew or distribute over an area;

   "He spread fertilizer over the lawn"
   "scatter cards across the table"
   

8. move outward;

   "The soldiers fanned out"
   

9. cover by spreading something over;

   "spread the bread with cheese"
   

10. distribute over a surface in a layer;

    "spread cheese on a piece of bread"
    

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. The radio spread the news as soon as the accident happened .
   事故一发生,收音机就把这条消息传播出去了。
2. The rumor was widely spread among the crowd.
   谣言在人群当中广泛地传播开来。
3. She spread her wings and flew lightly down.
   她展开双翅轻轻飞下。
4. I spread my arms as far apart as I could.
   我尽可能地将双臂伸展开。
5. Who spread these rumours?
   谁散布的这些谣言?
6. We spread a rug on the grass for the picnic.
   我们在草地上铺镇开毯子,准备野餐。
7. He spread the map flat out on the floor.
   他把地图平铺在地上。
8. Its branches spread far and wide.
   它的枝条向四面八方伸展开来。
9. But Langston Hughes spread his creative wings even further.
   但蓝斯顿休斯将其创作羽翼更向外伸展。
10. I spread butter on my toast.
    我将黄油涂在吐司上。
11. She spread the bread with butter.
    她把黄油涂在面包上。

用作名词 (n.)

1. The current survey will have a wider geographic spread.
   当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
2. The survey revealed a wide spread of opinion.
   调查结果表明各种意见差别很大.
3. What can we do to prevent the spread of the disease?
   我们能做些什么来防止这种疾病的传播呢?
4. Tv has become a more powerful vehicle for the spread of news.
   电视已成为影响力更大的传播消息的媒介。
5. The wings of the bird have a 12-inch spread.
   这鸟的翼展有十二英寸。
6. The spread of the prairies was indeed a startling sight.
   草原的浩瀚确是奇观。
7. Our host had a fine spread waiting for us.
   我们的主人准备了盛宴在等我们。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Its branches spread far and wide.
   它的枝条向四面八方伸展开来。
2. The afforestation movement rapidly spread.
   植树运动迅速展开了。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Spreading her wings, the bird headed for the island.
   鸟儿展开翅膀向岛上飞去。
2. Dinner is ready. Spread the tablecloth!
   饭好了,请铺上桌布!
3. We spread lime where the soil was sour.
   土壤酸性大的地方我们就撒上石灰。
4. Flies spread disease.
   苍蝇传播疾病。
5. The radio spread the news as soon as it happened.
   事件一发生,收音机里就播放了这条新闻。
6. The chief of the police force spread the word that he would put to death all the arrested student representatives.
   警察总监扬言要枪毙这些被捕的学生代表。
1
7. The sea, blue and still, was spread before us.
   蓝色平静的大海展现在我们面前。
8. Fertilizer must be spread evenly.
   肥料要施得均匀。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. Please spread me some bread with butter.
   请给我的面包上抹一些黄油。

S+～+ n./pron. +for pron./n.

1. He spread a blanket for me on the bed.
   他为我把毛毯铺在床上。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj./v -ed

1. Many college students spread themselves thin by taking part in many activities during the semester.
   许多学生在一学期里由于参加多种活动而变瘦了。
2. Standing up, he unbuckled his belt, and spread it laden across his waist.
   他站了起来,解开腰带,带子的一头垂到腰部以下。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. They spread themselves to entertain the visitors.
   他们大肆铺张招待来访客人。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. In the room there was a long table spread with candies, biscuits and fruits.
   房里有一张长桌子,上面摆满了糖果、饼干和各种水果。
2. In the centre, there was a table spread with every luxury.
   中间有一张桌子,上面摆满各种各样的高级物品。
3. He saw before him a meadow spread with daisies.
   他看到面前是一片长满雏菊的草地。

用作名词 (n.)

1. The spread of cholera alarmed the whole city.
   霍乱流行使全城的人都恐慌起来。
2. The spread of disease frightened the villagers.
   这种疾病的蔓延吓坏了村民们。
3. The new drug arrested the spread of the disease.
   这种新药阻止了疾病的蔓延。
4. We must try all means to block the spread of the epidemic.
   我们必须千方百计地阻止流行病的传播。
5. The spread of this bird's wings is 20 feet long.
   这只鸟的两只翅膀展开长度是20英尺。
6. Our host has fine spread waiting for us.
   我们的主人摆了一席精美的酒菜等着我们。
7. The sun was now breaking through a fine spread of cloud.
   太阳穿透了一层美丽的云彩。
8. These are biscuits coated with chocolate spread.
   这是一些外层有巧克力酱的饼干。
9. I like those cookies that are coated with chocolate spread.
   我喜欢那些裹巧克力酱的曲奇。
10. Your double-page spread seems rather thin in places; can you fatten it out a little?
    你的横贯两版篇幅的文章在篇幅上还是有些单薄,你能再充实一下吗?
11. This diagram fits well into the spread.
    这张图表放在这广告中非常合适。

经典引文

• With a sardonic..spread of his hands.

  出自： M. Spark

• To allow the spread of payment over eight years.

  出自：Accountant

• A male may..have arms with a spread of 2 1 / 2 metres.

  出自： D. Attenborough

• A Bannerd Host Under spread Ensigns marching.

  出自： Milton

• Four partridges..sailed down, spread-winged, into the field.

  出自： R. Adams

• You see rice spread out to dry.

  出自： C. Mungoshi

• She..spread out her pad, ballpoint pen, and a box of tissues.

  出自： J. Rossner

• He spread a tartan rug gently over her.

  出自： B. W. Aldiss

• A cop got out of the car...'OK...Spread those legs, lean over the hood.'

  出自： R. Rayner

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

spread about〔around〕 (v.+adv.)

广泛散布scatter; spread widely
spread sth ⇔ about〔around〕
Would you spread the news about that he is coming?

请你宣布一下他要来的消息好吗?
The papers were spread about on the desks and even on the floor.

文件散布在桌上,甚至在地板上。

spread abroad (v.+adv.)

传布,公开publicize
spread sth abroad
Spread it abroad!

把它公开!
He has spread the news abroad that you are leaving.

他散布一个消息,说你要离开了。

spread for (v.+prep.)

绵延; 伸展 stretch out
spread for sth
The deposits spread for 100 kilometres across four counties.

这些矿藏绵延一百公里,跨越四个县。
The top branches of that oak tree spread for forty feet.

那棵橡树的顶部树枝向四周伸展40英尺。

spread in (v.+prep.)

在…中传开 extend in sth
spread in sth
The pests spread quickly in these regions.

虫害在这些地区迅速蔓延。
The news of this accident soon spread in London.

这个事故的消息很快就在伦敦传开。

spread on (v.+prep.)

在…上铺上 unfold sth on sth
spread sth on sth
An old worker spread his padded coat on the floor and insisted that I lie down for a while.

一位老工人把大衣铺在地上,一定要我在上面躺一会儿。

spread oneself

(平直地)舒展 extend; be extravagant

spread out (v.+adv.)

付清 pay out
spread out
The wood spread out in all directions.

树木向四面八方延伸。
A scene of prosperity spreads out before us.

一种欣欣向荣的景象展现在我们面前。 spread sth ⇔ out
Spread the cloth out fully.

把布完全地展开。
The resources are spread out too thin.

资源分布得极为贫乏。 spread out
Spread out more. Don't bunch up on the centre.

再散开一点,不要都挤在中间。 spread sth ⇔ out over sth
They spread the payments out over three years.

他们分三年把款付清。
They will spread their payment of the loan out over a long period of time.

他们将用很长时间分期偿还这笔贷款。

spread over (v.+prep.)

分散; 传开 extend over
spread over sth
The disease spread over the whole country.

这种疾病在全国传播开了。 spread sth over sth
She spread her toys all over her room.

她在她屋里到处放玩具。

spread throughout (v.+prep.)

传遍 propagate; pass on
spread throughout sth
News of their victory spread throughout the country.

他们胜利的消息传遍了全国。

spread to (v.+prep.)

蔓延 extend
spread to sth
The flames soon spread to the other buildings.

大火很快蔓延到其他建筑物。
The strike soon spread to other parts of this island country.

罢工不久就蔓延到了这个岛国的所有其他地方。

spread with (v.+prep.)

用…涂满 extend sth with sth
spread sth with sth
Did you spread the bread with butter?

你在面包上抹黄油了吗?

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• spread disease 传播疾病
• spread lime 撒上石灰
• spread the news 播放新闻
• spread the rumours 散布谣言
• spread the table cloth 铺上桌布
• spread the wings 展开翅膀
• spread the word 扬言

～+副词

• spread breathlessly 匆忙伸开
• spread cautiously 小心翼翼地伸开
• spread conscientiously 诚心诚意地传播
• spread daringly 大胆地传播
• spread dramatically 出人意料地传播
• spread emphatically 重点传播
• spread energetically 充满活力地伸开
• spread eventually 最终展开
• spread extemporaneously 临时地传播
• spread falteringly 犹豫地散布
• spread fully 全面蔓延
• spread gracefully 优雅地伸开
• spread hesitatingly 犹豫不决地伸开
• spread hurriedly 匆匆地传播
• spread ignobly 不光彩地传播
• spread immediately 立即伸开
• spread inadvertently 非故意地展开
• spread ingeniously 巧妙地伸开
• spread insidiously 不知不觉地蔓延
• spread instinctively 本能地传播
• spread moderately 适度传播
• spread mysteriously 秘密地伸开
• spread officially 正式传播
• spread partially 部分展开
• spread peacefully 平静地伸开
• spread philosophically 冷静地伸开
• spread politely 彬彬有礼地伸开
• spread regionally 区域性传播
• spread regularly 定期地传播
• spread religiously 传播宗教
• spread reluctantly 不情愿地传播
• spread ruthlessly 无情地蔓延
• spread satisfactorily 满意地伸开
• spread scathingly 不留情地蔓延
• spread scrupulously 谨慎地伸开
• spread selectively 有选择地传播
• spread spaciously 宽敞地展开
• spread strenuously 艰难地传播
• spread temporarily 暂时伸开
• spread thoughtlessly 轻率地传播
• spread unceremoniously 无礼地伸开
• spread unconsciously 下意识地传播
• spread unhesitatingly 毫不犹豫地展开
• spread usefully 有效地传播
• spread viciously 恶意地传播
• spread voluntarily 自动传播
• spread about 传播,传开去,散放着
• spread about on the desk (文件)散放在写字台上
• spread the news about 把此消息传出去
• spread around that story 散布传说
• spread out 伸张,铺开,扩展,展开,摊开
• spread out arms 伸开双臂
• spread out fingers 把五指伸开

～+介词

• spread beyond the walls of the college 传到大学外边
• spread for hundreds of miles 绵延数百英里
• spread from...to 从…传到…
• spread from mouth to mouth 众口流传
• spread on 在…上涂
• spread butter on bread 在面包上涂黄油
• spread over 传遍,遍布,延续,覆盖
• spread over the city (消息)传遍全城
• spread through the village 传遍全村
• spread to 蔓延到
• spread to the houses nearby 蔓延至附近的居民
• spread to the other buildings (大火)蔓延到别的建筑
• spread with 用…涂…
• spread with butter 在…上涂黄油
• spread with jam 用果酱涂…
• spread with wild flowers 野花烂漫

词语用法

1. spread与broadcast区别：spread是“散布，传播”的意思，而broadcast是指“通过电台、电视播放”。

v. (动词)

1. spread的基本意思是“伸开”,指把卷或叠着的东西展开或向四面八方扩大范围,强调有目的地均匀撒开。所涉及的空间范围可大可小; 可以计算,也可能无法计算。也可指在某物表面上敷上薄薄一层东西,引申可指某物“变得更流行”。
2. spread既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,其宾语可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词。有时也可接以形容词、过去分词、动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. spread可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化为介词for的宾语。
4. spread的宾语后接介词on引起的短语,表示“把…铺在或涂在…上”; 接介词with引起的短语,表示“用…铺满或涂满”。

n. (名词)

1. spread用作名词时基本意思是“传播,蔓延”,引申可指“酒席”“(一片)广阔的土地或水域”“涂抹食品的酱”等,通常用单数形式。
2. spread作“(延伸的)长度,范围”“整版的文章,整版的广告”解时,是可数名词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

spread, circulate, diffuse, disseminate, expand, extend, propagate, radiate

• 这组词都有“延伸”“延长”“伸展”“展开”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.spread指向四面八方扩大范围。
• 2.circulate指无拘无束地或不间断地传播、散布到各处。例如:
• She opened a window to allow the air to circulate.她打开窗户使空气流通。
• 3.disseminate指到处传播思想、理论等。例如:
• They use the press to disseminate right wing views.他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点。
• 4.diffuse指光线、声音、气味等在空中传送或散布。例如:
• Light diffused from the window.光从窗户射进来。
• 5.extend指延展物体的长度、宽度,延伸或扩大某一事物,以及延长时间、期限等,也指伸开四肢或躯体。例如:
• They extended the road for three more miles.他们把那条路又延长了三英里多。
• The headmaster extended our holidays by a week.校长把我们的假期延长了一个星期。
• 6.expand指扩大面积或体积,也指把合拢的东西放开(即三维)。例如:
• This county has expanded its area under cultivation by more than 50,000 mu .该县扩大了50,000亩耕地。
• Heat expands metals.热使金属膨胀。
• He does exercises to expand his chest.他做体操扩胸。
• 7.propagate通常指宣传某种信念、看法或传播某种言论,以使更多的人相信或参与。例如:
• We should not only learn knowledge, but also propagate it.我们不仅应学习知识,而且应传播它。
• The Greek civilization was propagated all over Europe.希腊文明传播至整个欧洲。
• 8.radiate指从中心向四面八方散发,是技术用语,特指光或热的辐射。例如:
• The sun radiates light and heat.太阳放射光和热。
• The electric heater radiated warmth.电暖器散发出热量。

spread, scatter

• 这两个词都有“散布”“撒开”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.spread强调有目的地均匀涂抹、撒开。其宾语可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词。
• 2.scatter强调随意性和无规律性,其宾语则只能是具体名词。例如:
• The police scattered the disorderly crowd.警察驱散了骚乱的人群。
• The thundershower had temporarily scattered the swimmers.雷阵雨暂时驱散了游泳的人。

下列各组中的句意相同：

• We spread the butter on the bread at din- ner.
• We spread the butter over the bread at dinner.
• We spread the bread with butter at dinner.
• 吃饭时我们把黄油涂在面包上。
• Spread some newspapers on the floor to catch the dust.
• Spread some newspapers over the floor to catch the dust.
• Spread the floor with some newspapers to catch the dust.
• 在地板上铺些报纸来挡尘土。

scatter，disperse，spread，diffuse

• 这些动词均含“分散、散开”之意。
• scatter指人或物向四处散开，或把物随意撒开。
• disperse多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散。
• spread指一直延伸、蔓延，侧重遍及。
• diffuse指光线、声音或气味等在空中传送或散布，强调覆盖面积与物质分布相对密度之间的关系。

spread，circulate，distribute，propagate

• 这些动词均含“传播，散播”之意。
• spread普通用词，使用广泛。指传播疾病、思想、文化、习惯或谣言等。
• circulate既指某物在一物体内循环流动，又可指在一定范围内传播物品、刊物或思想、语言等。
• distribute指把一定数量的东西分成若干等份进行分发。
• propagate指宣传，尤其指官方为达到一定政治目的而进行的传播活动。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 计划生育正在广泛推行。

   误 Birth control is being widely spread.

   正 Birth control is being widely practised.

   析 birth control不能与spread搭配,可以改用动词 practise。也可以用 practice (名词)作主语,用“is+widespread (形容词)”作谓语,例如:

2. The practice of birth control is widespread.另外,“计划生育”还常译作 family planning。

词源解说

• ☆ 1200年左右进入英语，直接源自古英语的sprdan，意为铺开；最初源自原始日耳曼语的spraidijanan，意为铺展开。

近反义词

【近义词】

• circulate
• diffuse
• disseminate
• expand
• extend
• propagate
• radiate
• advance
• array
• banquet
• cover

【反义词】

• gather 聚集