spend

英 [spend] 美 [spend]

• n. 预算；花销
• v. 花费；浪费；度过；用尽（气力等）

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 用钱; 花钱

   pay out money in order to get sth

2. vt. 度过; 用尽

   pass time; finish

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 预算
2. 花销，开销，花费
3. 消费总额

v. 动词

1. 用尽，耗尽，用完
2. 浪费，乱花，滥用
3. 花，费，用（钱），花费， 支出
4. 度过
5. 消耗，消磨（时间）
6. 产（卵）
7. 过（日子）
8. 花时间，花费精力
9. （使）筋疲力尽，（使）极度衰弱
10. 献出（生命）
11. 把用于…
12. 失去（桅杆）

英英释义

Verb:

1. pass time in a specific way;

   "how are you spending your summer vacation?"
   

2. pay out;

   "spend money"
   

3. spend completely;

   "I spend my pocket money in two days"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The average spend on higher education was 55 pounds per head.
   用于高等教育的平均支出是每人55英镑。
2. The new law will put a lid on government spend.
   新法律将限制政府开支。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The time I spend in commuting every day adds up to three hours.
   我每天上下班乘车花费的时间加起来有3个小时。
2. You really shouldn't spend so much effort on it.
   你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。
3. We should not spend our fortune.
   我们不能浪费钱财。
4. How do you spend your spare time?
   你业余时间怎么打发？
5. Cowboys spend most of their time out of doors.
   牛仔大部分时间都是在户外度过的。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. She would rather spend than save.
   她有钱宁愿花掉,不肯积蓄。
2. He is always spending.
   他挥霍成性。
3. Don't spend without the thought of the next day.
   花钱不要只顾眼前而不想明天。
4. I have no skill to make money spend well.
   我没有本事把钱花得很恰当。
5. Candles spend fast in draught.
   风中之烛燃得快。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He has spent all his money.
   他把所有的钱都花光了。
2. A worker spends 3 to 5 percent of his monthly pay for rent.
   一个工人用每月工资的3%至5%来交房租。
3. She spent a sleepless night.
   她度过了一个不眠之夜。
4. Where will you spend your holidays?
   你去哪儿度假?
5. He spent his childhood and youth in Shanghai.
   他的童年和青年时代是在上海度过的。
6. Most of us spend great part of our lives at our jobs.
   我们多数人的大半生都是在工作中度过的。
7. He spent himself in the service of humanity.
   他耗尽了毕生的精力为人类服务。
8. Their hatred finally spent itself.
   他们的仇恨最终消解了。
9. His enthusiasm gradually spent itself.
   他的热情逐渐减少了。
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10. His strength was spent.
    他的力气用完了。
11. I was completely spent after two months of hard labor.
    两个月的繁重劳动使我完全疲惫不堪。
12. They went on firing until all their ammunition was spent.
    他们继续射击,直到子弹打完为止。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. The government spent a lot of money to help make this land better.
   政府花了大量的钱来帮助改良土地。
2. He spent much time to catch up with his classmates.
   他为了赶上同学花了很多时间。
3. The city alone has spent more than two hundred million dollars to fight water and air pollution.
   单就消除水和空气的污染来说,这个城市就已花了二亿多美元。
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4. One-tenth of his earnings every year is spent to subscribe to newspapers and journals.
   他每年收入的十分之一都用于订阅报刊。
5. Many people suggest that more money be spent to develop education.
   许多人建议要把更多的钱用于发展教育。

其他

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. He had spent most of that day asleep.
   那天的大部分时间他都睡过去了。

S+～+ n./pron. + v -ed

1. The sick man spent two months imprisoned in bed.
   病人两个月卧床不起。
2. He spent the whole day locked in the hotel room with the shades drawn.
   他整天都关在窗帘紧闭的旅馆房间里。
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3. It is pitiful to see that the life of an animal in the zoo is spent locked in an iron cage.
   看到动物园里的动物一生都关在铁笼子里真是令人可怜。

经典引文

• Magee spent his wealth for more power.

  出自： L. Steffens

• He spends his money like water.

  出自： S. Delaney

• I spent..half my wages on nude magazines.

  出自： M. Amis

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

spend for (v.+prep.)

为…花费… use (an amount of money) to pay for (sth)
spend sth for sth/v-ing
Her husband spent thousand yuan for a second-hand computer.

她的丈夫花了1000元买了一台二手电脑。
His wife spends a lot of money for her dresses every month.

他的妻子每月花很多钱买衣服。
He spends his spare time for visiting workers.

他空余时间都用来探望工人。

spend in (v.+prep.)

在…上花费 use up or consume sth
spend sth (in) sth/v-ing
I spent a week in Spain this summer.

今年夏季我在西班牙度过了一星期。
They will spend three years in prison.

他们要在监狱里关三年。
She spent three hours in watching TV.

她看电视耗掉了三个小时。
I spent my holidays in travelling in Scotland.

我的假期是在苏格兰旅游中度过的。
He spent a pleasant hour in talking with friends.

他在和朋友交谈中愉快地度过了一小时。
She spent a good deal of time going over your paper.

她花了许多时间看你的论文。
They spent the rest of the morning wandering in the streets.

他们早上剩下的时间都用来逛街了。
He spent his life writing the book.

他用一辈子写这本书。
He spent a pleasant hour talking with friends.

他跟朋友们交谈,愉快地度过了一个钟头。
Don't spend your money in gambling.

别把钱花在赌博上。
A week may be spent in seeing the interesting sights of the city.

可以花一周的时间游览该城的名胜。
The day before his departure was spent packing his luggage.

他离开的前一天都用来打点行李。

spend on (v.+prep.)

把…花在… use sth for sth/sb
spend sth on sth/v-ing
He doesn't spend much time on his homework.

他花在做作业上的时间不多。
She spent half her salary on clothing.

她把工资的一半用于买衣服。
She spent a great deal of money on a new car.

她花了许多钱去买一辆新车。
He spends his part of the money he made from selling newspapers on chemicals for his experiments.

他把卖报赚来的钱的一部分买做实验用的化学药品。
He spends pages on it in his book.

他在他的书中花了些篇幅来阐述这件事。
This student seems to have spent much effort on his piece of writing.

这学生似乎在这篇文章上花的功夫很大。
He spends a lot of money on entertaining friends.

他把许多钱花在款待朋友上。
He has spent a small fortune on improving his property.

他花了一大笔钱来改善他的房产。

spend up (v.+adv.)

把钱花光 have no money left
be spent up
I can't afford a ticket,I'm spent up.

我把钱花光了,没钱买票了。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• spend a weekend 度周末
• spend money 花钱
• spend one's childhood 度过童年
• spend one's life 度过一生
• spend one's resources 用尽聪明才智
• spend one's spare time 度过业余时间
• spend oneself 筋疲力尽
• spend summer vacation 度暑假
• spend the hour idly 混时间
• spend the last years of one's life 度晚年
• spend the rest of one's life 度过余生
• spend the Spring Festival 过春节
• spend the winter 过冬
• spend thought 用脑筋
• spend time 花时间

～+副词

• spend abroad 在国外度过
• spend fast 过得快
• spend soon 很快消耗
• spend amicably 友好地度过
• spend artfully 有品味地花费
• spend cautiously 小心地花钱
• spend constantly 不断地花费
• spend efficiently 花钱富有成效
• spend energetically 精力旺盛地度过
• spend enjoyably 快乐地花钱
• spend fondly 盲目地花钱
• spend foolishly 愚蠢地花钱
• spend freely 随意地花钱
• spend generously 慷慨地花钱
• spend gloomily 忧伤地度过
• spend greedily 贪婪地花费
• spend honestly 真正地花钱
• spend idly 空闲地度日
• spend impatiently 不耐烦地度过
• spend indiscreetly 轻率地花钱
• spend judiciously 审慎地花费
• spend languidly 懒散地度过
• spend lavishly 大手大脚地花钱
• spend logically 合理地花钱
• spend luxuriously 豪华地度过
• spend moderately 适度地花费
• spend occasionally 偶尔花费
• spend passively 消极度过
• spend pleasantly 高兴地花钱
• spend probably 适当地花费
• spend profusely 大量地花钱
• spend rashly 轻率地花钱
• spend reasonably 明智地花钱
• spend reluctantly 勉强度过
• spend spiritually 精神上花费
• spend systematically 有规律地度过
• spend unnecessarily 不必要地花钱
• spend unreasonably 不合理地花钱
• spend up 把钱花光

～+介词

• spend for 为…而花费
• spend 8000 dollars for a new car 花八千美元买一辆新车
• spend most of one's salaries for clothes 把大部分薪水花在买衣服上
• spend in 把…花费在,把…用于
• spend five years in accomplishing the project 花五年时间完成这项工程
• spend on 在…上花费
• spend seven days on the job 在这项工作上花费了七天时间

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. spend的基本意思是“花费时间、精力或金钱”,可指人使用、花费金钱,度过时光,也可指某人、物、事使尽〔耗光〕力量、能量、弹药等,还可指人在某物、事方面花费金钱、精力、时间等。
2. spend可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,只能以人作主语,接名词、代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。
3. spend的宾语后可接动词不定式,表示目的,作状语。
4. spend的宾语后常可接以介词in〔on,for〕引导的短语表示“把…花在…上”,介词宾语可以是名词,也可以是动名词。以动名词作宾语时介词in常可省略,尤其在口语中。
5. spend可用于“主+谓+宾+主补”结构,主语补足语可由形容词或过去分词充当。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

spend for, spend in, spend on

• 这三个短语的共同意思是“在…花费…”。其区别是：
• 1.spend in和spend on既可以用于时间,也可以用于金钱; 而spend for只可以用于金钱。
• 2.spend on和spend in后既可以接名词,也可以接动名词; 而spend for后多接名词。
• 3.spend on和spend in在语义上有细微差别。试比较:
• He spent a week in touring these six cities.
• 他用了一周时间游览这六个城市。
• (强调动词宾语)
• He spent a week on touring these six cities.
• 他把一周的时间花费在游览这六个城 市上。
• (强调介词宾语)

spend, cost, pay, take

• 这组词的共同意思是“花费”,指某人买或做某事所花费的时间或金钱。其区别是：
• 1.spend和pay的主语只能是人; cost的主语是物或事; take后接时间时，主语也可以是人。此外，take和cost还可以用动词不定式或动词不定式短语作真实主语,而it为形式主语。例如:
• I paid him $200 for this painting.我付他200美元买了这幅画。
• She spent ten dollars shopping for food.她购买食品花了10美元。
• The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。
• We took a week to finish the work.我们花了一个星期完成这项工作。
• It costs us a lot of money to build a house.盖房子花了我们很多钱。
• It took me one year to read this book.我用一年时间读了这本书。
• 2.pay的搭配范围最窄,只接金钱; cost的搭配范围最宽,除接金钱和时间外，还可接劳力、精力、财富、健康、职位甚至生命等。例如:
• “Are you paying cash?”“No,I will pay by cheque.”“你付现金吗?”“不,我用支票支付。”
• Careless driving cost him his life.粗心大意地开车使他丧了命。
• 3.spend可接动名词，而cost, pay, take可接动词不定式。
• 4.spend, take, pay都可用于被动结构，而cost不能用于被动结构。

spend, expend

• 这两个词的意思相同,前者为较正式用词,强调所消耗的时间、金钱或精力等是巨大的。

spend, pass

• pass和spend都有“度过时光”的意思,两个词常常可以互换。其区别是：
• 1.在伴随有表示“地点”的副词或副词短语时,通常使用spend而不使用pass。
• 2.如果仅仅表示“打发时间,消磨时间”时,较多地使用pass; 如果表示“因某种目的而愉快度过,无忧无虑地度过节假日”时,要使用spend; 如表示“花费时间做某事”也使用spend一词。例如:
• I spent a good holiday in Spain this summer.今年夏季我在西班牙度过了一个愉快的假期。
• A week may be spent in seeing the interesting sights of the city.参观这个城市的名胜古迹可能要用一个星期。

spend, waste

• 这两个词都可表示“耗费时间、金钱、精力等”,其区别是：
• spend是“花有所得”,而waste则是“徒劳无益”。试比较:
• He spent a lot of money on〔in〕 enter- taining friends.
• 他在招待朋友上花了许多钱。
• (含有“真朋友,需要时会给予帮助”)
• He wasted a lot of money on〔in〕 enter- taining friends.
• 他在招待朋友上花了许多钱。
• (酒肉朋友,吃你、喝你不帮你)

cost，expend，spend，take，pay

• 这些动词均含“花费”之意。
• cost指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
• expend较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
• spend普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
• take普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
• pay“付款、给……报酬”，它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型：①Sb．pay（s）sb．money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 她耗费了三个小时看电视。

   误 She spent three hours to watch TV.

   正 She spent three hours (in) watching TV.

2. 他花了许多时间为考试做准备。

   误 He spent much time to prepare for the examination.

   正 He spent much time preparing for the examination.

   析 当强调“花费时间做某事”时,常用spend time (in) v -ing, in可以省略,但spend后不能用动词不定式。

3. 昨天晚上我去看电影了,你怎么度过的?

   误 Last night I went to a movie.How did you spend?

   正 Last night I went to a movie.How did you spend the night?

   析 spend表示“度过”时是及物动词,其后要接宾语。

4. 我们在纽约过得很愉快。

   误 We spent a good time in New York.

   正 We had a good time in New York.

   析 表示“过得愉快,玩得高兴”可用成语have a good time〔enjoy oneself〕,不可说spend a good time。

5. 我们去电影院,以消磨火车到达以前的那段时间。

   误 We went to the cinema to spend the time until the train arrived.

   正 We went to the cinema to pass the time until the train arrived.

   析 spend和pass都可表示“度过(时间)”,但是为避免无所事事或感觉厌烦而做某事以消磨时间通常用pass。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的spendan；最初源自中世纪拉丁语的spendere，意为花钱。

近反义词

【近义词】

• cost
• pass
• pay
• take
• consume
• use up

【反义词】

• earn 赚得