ruin

英 ['ruːɪn] 美 ['ruːɪn]

• vt. 毁灭；毁坏；（使）破产；糟蹋，使（妇女）失去贞操
• n. 毁灭；废墟；崩溃

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 破坏,毁掉

   destroy or spoil (completely)

2. vt. & vi. (使)破产,(使)沦落

   (cause to) get total loss of money

n. (名词)

1. [U]毁坏,毁灭,灭亡

   severe damage or destruction

2. [U]完全丧失,断送; 垮台(的原因)

   complete loss of all one's money, resources or prospects; cause of this

3. [U]破败、坍塌或毁坏的状态

   state of being decayed, collapsed or destroyed

4. [C]废墟; 遗迹

   remains of sth that has decayed or collapsed or been destroyed

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 毁灭，毁坏，破坏，灭亡
2. 废墟，遗迹，断垣残壁
3. 堕落
4. 破产，倾家荡产
5. 崩溃
6. 祸根，祸因，破产的根源
7. 丧失地位
8. 一无所有
9. 失去工作
10. 破败不堪

v. 动词

1. 毁灭，使覆灭，毁坏
2. 使破产
3. 使没落，使堕落，使沦落
4. 使成废墟
5. 糟踏
6. 破产
7. 诱奸
8. 堕落
9. 变成废墟
10. 破灭
11. 衰败，毁掉
12. 使（妇女）失去贞操

英英释义

Noun:

1. an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction;

   "you have brought ruin on this entire family"
   

2. a ruined building;

   "they explored several Roman ruins"
   

3. the process of becoming dilapidated

4. an event that results in destruction

5. failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

6. destruction achieved by causing something to be wrecked or ruined

Verb:

1. destroy completely; damage irreparably;

   "You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!"
   "The tears ruined her make-up"
   

2. destroy or cause to fail;

   "This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election"
   

3. reduce to bankruptcy;

   "My daughter's fancy wedding is going to break me!"
   "The slump in the financial markets smashed him"
   

4. reduce to ruins;

   "The country lay ruined after the war"
   

5. deprive of virginity;

   "This dirty old man deflowered several young girls in the village"
   

6. fall into ruin

例句

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. He ruined his prospects by carelessness.
   他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。
2. The politics of the company will ruin their image.
   公司的策略会毁掉他们的形象。
3. His enemies maliciously conspired to ruin him.
   他的敌人恶毒地密谋搞垮他。
4. The rain ruined my painting.
   这场雨把我的画给毁了。
5. Her nervousness threatens to ruin the whole idea.
   她的惊慌失措可能会破坏整个计划。
6. Only great efforts can retrieve the firm from ruin.
   只有巨大的努力才能挽救这个濒于破产的公司。
7. These changes spell ruin for the company.
   这些变化意味着该公司破产。

用作名词 (n.)

1. His rashness led ultimately to his ruin.
   他的急躁鲁莽最终导致了他的毁灭。
2. The minister's enemies engineered his ruin.
   部长的敌人密谋陷害他。
3. Tom visualized the house as a romantic ruin.
   汤姆把那所房子想像成有传奇色彩的废墟。
4. He is verging on ruin.
   他正濒临毁灭。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The town ruined after the bombing.
   那次轰炸后,这个市镇变成了一片废墟。
2. He's bankrupt and ruined completely.
   他完全破产了。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The storm ruined our wheat crop.
   暴风雨毁坏了我们的小麦。
2. The rain has ruined my new dress.
   雨把我的新衣服弄得一团糟。
3. Bad weather ruined our holiday.
   坏天气毁了我们的假日。
4. The invaders ruined the fields that the people had restored and massacred all the inhabitants.
   入侵者毁了百姓们重建的家园,屠杀了所有的居民。
5. The war will ruin the country, depend on it.
   请相信我,这场战争将毁灭这个国家。
6. She has a very real grievance against the hospital since the operation which ruined her health.
   自从她做过手术后,健康状况变坏,所以她确实对医院有怨言。
7. She had no choice but to leave him. She could not let him ruin her whole life.
   她没有别的选择,只得离开他。她不能让他毁灭自己的一生。
8. You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.
   如果你继续这种愚蠢的行为,你会自毁前程的。
9. If you go on like this, you'll ruin yourself.
   如果你继续这样下去,你会自己毁了自己。
10. The stock market crash ruined many people.
    股票价格下跌使许多人破产了。
1
11. Many villages had been burned and ruined.
    许多村庄被烧毁。
12. The party, which had been greatly looked forward to, was ruined by the rude behaviour of an uninvited guest.
    那位不速之客举止粗野,破坏了大家热切盼望的聚会。
13. His life was ruined by drink.
    他因酗酒而葬送了自己的一生。
14. He was ruined by speculation.
    他因做投机生意而破产。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. He lives in a ruined temple.
   他住在一座破庙里。
2. Lovell's a ruined man.
   洛弗尔已不名一文。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Ruin was staring her in the face.
   她眼看就要倾家荡产了。
2. This news meant the ruin of all our hopes.
   这消息意味着我们的一切希望都破灭了。
3. This carelessness will be his ruin.
   他这样粗心大意是要倒霉的。
4. This flood will be the ruin of the harvest.
   这场洪水会是没有收成的祸根。
5. Her beauty was her ruin.
   她的美貌是她毁灭的原因。
6. The company was heading for ruin.
   那家公司即将破产。
7. His enemies planned the duke's ruin.
   公爵的仇人们策划使他垮台。
8. The castle has fallen into ruin.
   城堡已坍塌了。
9. The country was in ruin and convulsion.
   这个国家没落于动乱之中。
10. All his plans came to ruin.
    他的所有计划都落了空。
11. The regime collapsed into total ruin.
    该政权彻底覆灭了。
12. With the collapse of grain prices the small farmers are on the brink of financial ruin.
    随着粮食价格的下跌,小农现已处于破产的边缘。
13. The city was reduced to a state of ruin by the war.
    那个城市因战争而陷于毁灭的状态。
14. The abbey is now a ruin.
    那座修道院现已成废墟。
15. We visited the ruins of ancient Greece.
    我们参观了古希腊的遗迹。
16. The lapse of year will never efface that scene of ruin from my memory.
    时光的流逝绝不会把那废墟的景象从我的记忆中冲淡。
17. Careful examination of the ruins revealed new evidence.
    对废墟的仔细检查揭示了新的证据。
18. Archaeologists attribute the ruin to a flourishing prehistoric kingdom.
    考古学家认为这些废墟属于一个繁荣的史前王国。

经典引文

• The crash of ruin fitfully resounds.

  出自： Wordsworth

• To have the power of that House reduced, but not..absolutely ruined.

  出自： Earl of Chatham

• Our batteries continued to ruin the works.

  出自：Examiner

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

go to rack and ruin

因忽视而导致毁坏、混乱或瓦解 fall into a ruined or disorganized state through neglect

in ruins

严重受损,破败不堪 in a severely damaged or decayed condition

mother's ruin

烈性饮料 strong drink

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• ruin completely 完全毁坏
• ruin financially 破产
• ruin sadly 令人心痛地毁坏
• ruin utterly 完全毁坏

～+介词

• ruin in health 破坏健康

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
• bring sb to ruin 使某人毁灭
• fall into ruin 坍塌
• plan sb's ruin 策划推翻某人

形容词+～

• complete ruin 彻底毁灭
• financial ruin 破产
• national ruin 国家的灭亡
• social ruin 社会的毁灭

～+介词

• ruin of sb's health 某人健康的衰退
• ruin of sb's hopes 某人希望的破灭

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. ruin的基本意思是“破坏,毁掉”,常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毁坏,强调倒塌成碎片,也可指健康、声望、容貌、气节、价值等受到严重损坏。引申可作“(使)破产”“(使)沦落”解。
2. ruin一般用作及物动词,偶尔也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。
3. ruin的过去分词ruined可用作形容词,在句中作定语或表语。

n. (名词)

1. ruin用作名词的基本意思是“毁坏,毁灭,灭亡”,常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等因素而造成的建筑物的毁坏,是不可数名词。ruin还可用来表示毁坏的结果,即“被毁的东西”“废墟,遗迹”,这时是可数名词。引申可作“完全丧失,断送,垮台(的原因)”解,是不可数名词。
2. ruin也可表示“破败、坍塌或毁坏的状态”,是不可数名词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

ruin, break, demolish, destroy

• 这组词都含有“破坏”“毁坏”“消灭”的意思。其区别在于:
• 1.destroy和ruin这两个词所表示的“毁坏”都含有“彻底”的意味,有时可互换。destroy强调“彻底性”; ruin强调不可修复。例如:
• The rain has ruined〔destroyed〕 the crops.这雨把庄稼全毁了。
• 2.break, destroy和demolish的主语可以是人,也可以是事物; 而ruin的主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。例如:
• The windshield broke but did not shatter.挡风玻璃裂了,但没有碎。
• All the intruders were destroyed.所有的入侵者都被歼灭了。
• That street was demolished a few years ago.那条街于几年前拆除了。
• She has a very real grievance against the hospital since the operation which ruined her health.自从她做过手术后,健康状况变坏,所以她确实对医院有怨言。
• 3.break的宾语可以是有形物,也可以是非物质性的事物; destroy和demolish用于具体事物可指“高楼大厦”等; 用于抽象事物时destroy指“名誉”“声望”等, demolish则指某人的论点、论据等。ruin的宾语则多是美好珍贵的事物。例如:
• His mother's heart will break if he leaves her.如果他离开母亲,她的心会碎的。
• All his hopes were now destroyed.他的一切希望现在都破灭了。
• We have demolished all her arguments and she has nothing more to say.我们推翻了她所有的论点,她无言以对。
• The manuscript was ruined by long exposure in the cold damp cellar.手稿在地下室因长期受阴冷潮湿的破坏而无法辨认了。
• 4.break可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词; destroy和demolish只用作及物动词; 而ruin多用作及物动词,偶尔可用作不及物动词。例如:
• She broke a vase uncarefully.她不小心打破了一只花瓶。
• The cup broke when it fell on the floor.茶杯掉到地上摔破了。
• The mad dog ought to be destroyed.这只疯狗应该杀死。
• They are going to demolish that old factory.他们准备拆毁那家旧工厂。
• I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man!我被那场官司搞垮了,现在已经倾家荡产!

ruin, damage, demolish, spoil

• 这组词都有“破坏,毁坏”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.damage一般指“部分的破坏”,通常作“损坏”解,意味着损坏后价值减少或作用减小,有时可用于借喻中。
• 2.demolish是正式用语,指由于巨大外力或急速、猛烈的动作而造成的破坏,其破坏力甚至达到粉碎的程度,往往只剩下一堆废墟或残骸。例如:
• Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.必须拆毁许多建筑物才能修建新公路。
• The car was demolished in a collision.汽车撞坏了。
• 3.ruin指把某件东西损害到不能再修理或使用的程度。现在多用于借喻中。例如:
• Your plans for a party will be ruined if you get sick.如果你病了,你的聚会计划就毁了。
• Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.蛀虫在很好的毛衣上咬了许多洞,把衣服给毁了。
• 4.spoil一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤,基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观,一般含有不可弥补的意味,作不及物动词用,表示(食物)变坏,腐烂变质等。例如:
• Too much pepper spoiled the soup she was making for supper.她在晚餐所做的汤里放了过多的胡椒,破坏了汤的味道。

break，destroy，ruin，wreck，damage，spoil

• 这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。
• break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
• destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
• ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
• wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
• damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
• spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他还不到30岁,但他身体已经垮了。

   误 He was under thirty, but he was done for.

   正 He was under thirty, but he was ruined.

   析 表示“身体垮了”可说be ruined,不可说be done for。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的ruine；最初源自古典拉丁语的ruina，意为崩溃。

近反义词

【近义词】

• break
• damage
• defeat
• demolish
• destroy
• injure
• overthrow
• shatter
• spoil
• wreck
• bankruptcy
• breakdown
• collapse
• crash
• defeat
• destruction
• failure
• fall
• wreck

【反义词】

• develop
• restore
• development
• reconstruction

派生词

n.(名词)

• ruinous adj. 耗资巨大的; 无法承担的; 破坏性的; 导致严重问题的; 灾难性的; (城镇、建筑等)破败的; 严重受损的; 已成废墟的