order

英 ['ɔːdə(r)] 美 ['ɔːrdər]

• n. 顺序；条理；订单；命令；秩序；阶层；[生]目；点的东西
• v. 命令；定购；调整；整理；点餐；预定，订货

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [U]次序,顺序

   the special way in which a group of people, object, etc.; sequence

2. [C]订购,订货

   a request to supply goods

3. [U]治安,秩序

   the condition in which laws and rules are obeyed

4. [C]命令,嘱咐

   a command of direction, given by a person who has the right to command

5. [U]整齐,有条理

   the state in which things are carefully arranged in their proper place; neatness

6. [C]汇票,汇单

   a written or printed paper which allows the holder to do sth

v. (动词)

1. vt. 命令; 嘱咐

   tell sb what to do, that sth must be done

2. vt. 订购

   ask for sth to be brought, made, etc.

3. vt. 整理,布置

   put sth in order; arrange

4. vt. 叫(饭菜,饮料等)

   request sb to bring (food,drink,etc.) in a hotel,restaurant

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 秩序，整齐
2. 次序，顺序
3. 命令，指示
4. 治安
5. 教团
6. 勋章
7. 状况
8. 订购，订货
9. 勋爵士团
10. 汇票
11. 等级，阶级，阶层
12. 结社
13. 良好的状况，条理

v. 动词

1. 命令，吩咐，嘱咐
2. 整理，调整，整顿
3. 订购，购，要求供应，订货
4. 指挥
5. 布置，安排
6. 叫，点，点菜
7. 处， 处理
8. 建立（秩序）
9. 处（方）
10. 下令，指挥
11. 定制，要求
12. 要求提供服务

英英释义

Noun:

1. (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed;

   "the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London"
   

2. a degree in a continuum of size or quantity;

   "it was on the order of a mile"
   "an explosion of a low order of magnitude"
   

3. established customary state (especially of society);

   "order ruled in the streets"
   "law and order"
   

4. logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements;

   "we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation"
   

5. a condition of regular or proper arrangement;

   "he put his desk in order"
   "the machine is now in working order"
   

6. a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge);

   "a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there"
   

7. a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities;

   "IBM received an order for a hundred computers"
   

8. a formal association of people with similar interests;

   "he joined a golf club"
   "they formed a small lunch society"
   "men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today"
   

9. a body of rules followed by an assembly

10. (usually plural) the status or rank or office of a Christian clergyman in an ecclesiastical hierarchy;

    "theologians still disagree over whether `bishop' should or should not be a separate Order"
    

11. a group of person living under a religious rule;

    "the order of Saint Benedict"
    

12. (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families

13. a request for something to be made, supplied, or served;

    "I gave the waiter my order"
    "the company's products were in such demand that they got more orders than their call center could handle"
    

14. (architecture) one of original three styles of Greek architecture distinguished by the type of column and entablature used or a style developed from the original three by the Romans

15. the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement;

    "there were mistakes in the ordering of items on the list"
    

Verb:

1. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority;

   "I said to him to go home"
   "She ordered him to do the shopping"
   "The mother told the child to get dressed"
   

2. make a request for something;

   "Order me some flowers"
   "order a work stoppage"
   

3. issue commands or orders for

4. bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations;

   "We cannot regulate the way people dress"
   "This town likes to regulate"
   

5. bring order to or into;

   "Order these files"
   

6. place in a certain order;

   "order the photos chronologically"
   

7. appoint to a clerical posts;

   "he was ordained in the Church"
   

8. arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events;

   "arrange my schedule"
   "set up one's life"
   "I put these memories with those of bygone times"
   

9. assign a rank or rating to;

   "how would you rank these students?"
   "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. Today we'll reverse the usual order of the lesson.
   今天我们将把通常的上课顺序倒过来。
2. The house had been kept in good order.
   房子保持得井井有条。
3. An extraordinarily large order bucked up all the staff.
   一份特大订单使全体员工欢欣鼓舞。
4. The order urged the armed forces to enhance their alertness.
   该项命令敦促武装部队提高警惕。
5. Some teachers find it difficult to keep order in their classes.
   有些教师觉得课堂秩序很难维持。
6. The social order of ants is very interesting.
   蚂蚁的社会结构非常有趣。
7. The rose and the bean families belong to the same order.
   蔷薇和豆类属于同一种类。
8. He gave his order to the waiter.
   他把他点的东西告诉服务员了。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The commander ordered a counterattack.
   司令官命令反攻。
2. He ordered three new suits for himeself.
   他给自己定购了三套西装。
3. I must have time to order my thoughts.
   我得找时间调整一下思路。
4. I've ordered egg and chips for you.
   我给你点了鸡蛋和炸土豆条。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Some teachers find it difficult to keep order in class.
   有些老师觉得维持课堂秩序不容易。
2. The merchant received a large order of coal.
   那商人收到一份购买大量煤的订单。
3. Do you wish to place an order at this time?
   您希望这就订购吗?
4. He cancelled his order for the goods.
   他取消了货物订单。
5. We are glad to advise you that your orders have been received.
   我们高兴地通知贵方:订单已经收到。
6. He gave orders for the work to be started at once.
   他下令立即开始那一工作。
7. He refused to take orders from such a foolish fellow.
   他拒绝接受这样愚蠢家伙的命令。
8. These orders must be carried out at once.
   这些命令立刻执行。
9. The well-disciplined soldiers carried out their orders without question.
   训练有素的士兵们毫无疑问地执行了命令。
10. The Queen has decreed her order.
    女王已经颁布了她的命令。
11. Government has decreed a new order.
    政府颁布了一项新命令。
12. They offered him the banker's order ￡5000 but he didn't accept it.
    他们给他5000英镑的银行汇票,但他没有接受。
13. He was given the Order of the Garter.
    他被授予英国最高勋位。
14. We'll show you whose order it is.
    我们就要让你看看到底是谁的规矩。
15. There is no peace and order in this town.
    这个城镇治安极差。
16. The captain's order is that the men should blaze away.
    上尉命令说士兵要连续射击。
17. She entered orders as a girl.
    她从小就出家当尼姑。

～+to- v

1. The order to kill the person must be acted on by soldiers.
   杀掉那个人的命令须由士兵执行。
2. He entered an order to be a monk.
   他出家当了和尚。

～+that-clause

1. In defiance of doctors' orders that he shouldn't travel for a year, he arrived in Lagos last week.
   他不顾医生要他在一年之内不得出访的劝告,于上星期到达了拉科斯。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. They ordered general strike after the failure of the talks.
   谈判失败之后,他们下令举行总罢工。
2. The doctor ordered a strict diet.
   医生嘱咐严格控制饮食。
3. Then he ordered the landing of marines there.
   于是他下令海军陆战队在那里登陆。
4. Now you are old enough to order your own affairs.
   现在你已经长大,能料理自己的事情了。
5. He always orders his life according to strict rules.
   他总是按照严格的规律安排生活。
6. They ordered quantities of farm implements.
   他们订购了大量农具。
7. It may be one of the secretary's duties to order office supplies.
   订购办公用品也许是秘书的职责。
8. You can order tickets by telephone.
   你可以电话订票。
9. What would you like to order?
   你要点什么?
10. It's time we ordered dinner.
    我们该点菜了。
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11. An investigation has been ordered.
    已下令进行调查。
12. The ambassador has been ordered home.
    大使已奉召回国。
13. The work was all properly ordered, just as he wanted it.
    工作安排得井井有条,就像他要求的那样。
14. The goods were all specially ordered.
    这批货都是特别订购的。

S+～+that-clause

1. We ordered that the enemy soldiers should lay down arms.
   我们命令敌兵放下武器。
2. The judge ordered that he should be punished.
   法官宣布他被判刑。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. He ordered himself a set of Encyclopedia .
   他订购了一套《百科全书》。
2. He ordered himself a cup of cocoa.
   他给自己要了一杯可可。

S+～+ n./pron. +for pron./n.

1. The doctor has ordered absolute quiet for me.
   医生要我绝对保持安静。
2. I've ordered an air ticket for you.
   我已为你预订了一张机票。
3. What shall I order for you?
   我给你点什么菜呢?

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. The police ordered them to wait right there.
   警察命令他们呆在那儿等待。
2. He ordered the gas masks to be put on.
   他命令戴上防毒面具。
3. The captain ordered the ship's masts to be cut down.
   船长下令将船桅砍断。
1
4. The company commander was ordered to withdraw before dawn.
   该连队奉命拂晓前撤退。
5. The guerrillas were ordered to destroy the enemy's fort.
   游击队奉命去摧毁敌人的碉堡。

S+～+ n./pron. + adj./adv./prep.- phrase

1. The doctor has ordered me quiet.
   医生吩咐我要安静。
2. He ordered me away.
   他命令我走开。

S+～+ n./pron. + v -ed

1. He ordered the piece taken off the lathe.
   他吩咐把工件从车床上拿下来。
2. A district court ordered the hospital closed.
   一个地区法院下令关闭这所医院。

经典引文

• In the third order Principates..Next them Arch-Angels.

  出自： T. Heywood

• Ordering her hair, some coils of which had been loosened.

  出自： W. D. Howells

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

order about

随便使唤人

call to order

请某人遵守会场秩序 ask sb to stop disobeying the rules of a formal meeting
call sth to order
The chairman called the meeting to order.

主席宣布开始开会。 call sb to order
Despite attempts to call them to order, the audience continued to make a lot of noise.

尽管已试图要听众们遵守秩序,可他们还是吵吵闹闹。

in order

合乎程序的 in sequence; properly arranged or according to accepted rules

in order of

按…顺序 the special way in which a group of people, object, etc.; in sequence of

in order that

为了 so as to

in order to-v

为了 so as to
in order to-v
In order to avoid the heavy traffic on the roads, some people prefer to travel by night and rest during the day.

为了避免路上交通拥挤,有些人宁可夜间驱车远行,白天休息。
We must break away from convention and adopt as many advanced techniques as possible in order to build our country into a powerful modern state in not too long a historical period.

我们必须打破常规,尽量采用先进技术,在一个不太长的历史时期内,把我国建设成为一个社会主义的现代化强国。
A leader must assert himself sometimes in order to be followed.

一个领导有时应该表现出自己的领导权威,好让别人照他说的去做。
They allowed me out in order to make a telephone call.

他们准许我出去打一个电话。
We have fought scores of battles in order to win victory.

为赢得胜利,我们进行了数十次战斗。
Opportunism consists of sacrificing fundamental interests in order to gain temporary, partial benefits.

机会主义就是牺牲根本的利益,贪图暂时的、局部的利益。
We combined our forces in order to defeat our enemies.

为了防御敌军,我们将我们的部队合在一处。
He cited examples in order to certify his statement.

他引用实例证实他的供述。
Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.

我们把这个计划分成几小项逐一进行。 in order for sb to-v
They left the door open in order for me to hear the baby.

他们开着门以便让我听到婴儿的动静。

in short order

立刻,马上 immediately; at once

in〔of,on〕 the order of

大约,与…相似 about, about as much or many as

on order

订购 requested but not yet received

out of order

坏了; 违反规程 not working properly; not in accordance with the rules of a parliament, court, or similar body

用作动词 (v.)

order about〔around〕 (v.+adv.)

不断差遣,把…差来差去 keep on giving orders to sb; annoy sb by giving many orders, especially unpleasantly
order sb ⇔ about〔around〕
We don't like the way he orders people about .

我们不喜欢他那种支使人的作风。
Tom has got no right to order me about here.

汤姆没有权利指使我在此地干这干那。
He orders his assistants around in a way that is very offensive.

他以蛮横无理的方式对他的助手们发号施令。
He doesn't like being ordered about〔 around 〕 by anyone.

他不喜欢受任何人的驱使。
I never was so ordered about in all my life, never!

我一生中从来没有这样被差来遣去,从来没有!
The junior clerk refused to be ordered about by the secretary.

这个职务较低的办事员不愿秘书对他发号施令。
The workers are too confused to be ordered around by the employers.

工人们不愿被雇主们差来遣去地随便使唤。

order from (v.+prep.)

从…订货 request a supply of sth such as goods from sb or somewhere
order sth from sb/sth
Our institute has ordered a great many instruments from the company.

我们学院向该公司订购了不少仪器。
There will be a delay on your request as the parts have to be ordered from overseas.

这些部件必须从海外订购,因此你需要的货要推迟交付。
Further supplies of paper must be ordered from Head Office.

应该要求总部再供应一些纸张。

order in (v.+adv.)

订购(货物) obtain (supplies) by ordering, usually in quantity
order sb in
The teacher ordered the children in.

老师命令孩子们进来。 order sth ⇔ in
Have you ordered in enough envelopes this month?

这月你订足信封了吗?

order off (v.+adv.)

勒令…退出比赛 order to leave the field of play
order sb ⇔ off
Jones was ordered off in the second half after repeated fouls.

由于屡次犯规,琼斯在下半场中被责令退出比赛。
One of our skillful players was ordered off for breaking the rules.

我们一位技术好的队员因犯规被罚下场。

order out (v.+adv.)

下令(军警)出动 order troops or police to take action

order to (v.+prep.)

命令,要求 command; request
order sb to sth
The doctor ordered the patient to bed.

医生吩咐病人卧床休息。
Mrs. Black ordered the taxi to the door.

布莱克太太吩咐出租车开到门口。
He was ordered to the front.

他被派往前线。
The crew was ordered to the lifeboat.

下令要船员上救生艇。

order up (v.+adv.)

下令把…调往前线 order to move to the front line
order sb ⇔ up
The general ordered up more men as reinforcements.

将军命令增加增援部队。
Two divisions were ordered up to strengthen a weak point in the line.

两个师被调到前线去加强一个薄弱环节。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• accept an order 接受订单
• close an order 接受订单
• decline an order 拒接订单
• draw an order 写订货单
• fill an order 供应订货,填订货单,交付订货
• get an order 得到订货(单)
• give an order 订购,下订单
• hold up an order 暂停执行订单(暂不履行交货)
• make out an order 写订货单
• place an order 订购
• put in an order 订购
• receive order 收到订单
• refuse an order 拒接订单
• take an order 接受订货
• turn down an order 拒接订单
• write out an order 写订货单
• await order 待命
• carry out order 执行命令
• disobey order 不服从命令
• give an order 发布命令,下命令
• obey order 服从命令
• shout one's order 大声发布命令
• sign an order 签署命令
• take order 接受命令
• break up order 破坏秩序
• bring about order 使得有秩序
• destroy order 破坏秩序
• establish order 建立秩序
• keep order 维持秩序,保持整齐
• maintain order 维护秩序

形容词+～

• additional order 追加订货
• large order 大批订货
• rush order 加急订货
• special order 特殊订货
• standing order 长期订单
• strong order 大批订货
• tall order 大批订货
• certain order 一定的(字母,年代)顺序
• bad order 很不整齐,状况不正常
• good order 整齐,状况正常
• historical order 历史顺序
• new order 新秩序
• old order 旧秩序
• proper order 正确的顺序
• public order 社会秩序
• regular order 顺次,按次序
• right order 次序正确
• social order 社会秩序
• usual order 通常的顺序
• secret order 秘密命令

名词+～

• advance order 进军命令
• government order 政府命令
• buying order 订购单
• cable order 电报订货
• mail order 邮购(订单)
• shipping order 装货单,装货通知单
• side order (餐厅内)在主菜之外另外加点的菜

～+名词

• order book 订货簿
• order form 订货单

～+后置定语

• an order to start for India 赴印度的命令

介词+～

• by order of 奉…之命,根据…指示,按照…规定
• on order 遵照命令
• under orders 奉命
• in order of 按…的顺序
• in order to 为了,以便
• in short order 立刻,马上
• out of order 紊乱,出毛病

～+介词

• order for coal 煤炭的订单
• order from sb 某人的订单
• order in one's class 教室秩序
• order in the city 城市秩序
• order of age 按年龄次序
• order of arrival 按抵达的顺序
• order of doctor 遵医嘱
• order of importance 按重要性的顺序

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• order a copy 订购一本
• order a meeting 安排开会
• order a picnic 安排郊游
• order a reception for the visitor 安排接见客人
• order a settlement 安排好一种方案
• order a taxi 订出租汽车
• order an advance 下令前进
• order an examination 安排检查
• order breakfast 订早餐
• order cards 把卡片排列好
• order everything 安排好一切
• order holidays 安排度假
• order lunch 要午饭
• order one's business affairs 安排好业务
• order precautionary measures 命令采取预防措施
• order silence 下令保持安静
• order some fish 要些鱼
• order strike 下令罢工
• order the confiscation and destruction 命令没收和销毁

～+副词

• order beforehand 事先准备
• order admirably 极好地整理〔布置〕
• order alphabetically 按字母顺序地安排
• order amicably 友好地安排
• order artistically 富有艺术创造力地安排
• order becomingly 适当地整理〔布置〕
• order carefully 小心地整理〔布置〕
• order cleverly 巧妙地整理〔布置〕
• order clumsily 拙劣地整理〔布置〕
• order complexly 复杂地整理〔布置〕
• order confidentially 机密地整理〔布置〕
• order crudely 粗俗地整理〔布置〕
• order delicately 灵敏地整理〔布置〕
• order efficiently 有效地整理〔布置〕
• order elaborately 详尽地整理〔布置〕
• order exquisitely 精美地整理〔布置〕
• order felicitously 恰当地整理〔布置〕
• order finally 最后地整理〔布置〕
• order geographically 依据地形整理〔布置〕
• order harmoniously 和谐地整理〔布置〕
• order hideously 令人惊骇地整理〔布置〕
• order ideally 完美地整理〔布置〕
• order immediately 立即整理〔布置〕
• order mechanically 习惯性地整理〔布置〕
• order methodically 有条理地整理〔布置〕
• order neatly 巧妙地整理〔布置〕
• order obviously 显而易见地整理〔布置〕
• order ostensibly 表面上地整理〔布置〕
• order painfully 痛苦地整理〔布置〕
• order previously 事先整理〔布置〕
• order satisfactorily 满意地整理〔布置〕
• order sensibly 合理地整理〔布置〕
• order specially 专门整理〔布置〕
• order systematically 有规律地整理〔布置〕
• order tastefully 布置得很高雅
• order temptingly 诱人地整理〔布置〕
• order very tidily 布置得非常整洁
• order about 对(某人)发号施令
• order around 对(某人)发号施令
• order away 命令…走开
• order sb in 命令某人进入
• order off 勒令…离开
• order out 下令出动,命令离去
• order out the riot police 出动防暴警察
• order up 下令把…调往前线

～+介词

• order sth for sb 为某人订购某物
• order from 从…处订购
• order sth from abroad 从国外订购某物
• order from an English firm 从英国商行订购
• order sb to bed 命令某人去睡觉

词语用法

1. order作名词时，在有些词组中前面不加冠词a/an/the，如in alphabetical order，in order of arrival，by order（奉命）等；
2. order作名词，在有些句子中要用复数形式orders。

   They received orders to start at once.
   He is under orders to leave for Moscow next Monday.

3. order作名词或动词指“命令”时，语气较重，不能用在家人间。

   He ordered his son to buy a newspaper for him.
   这种表达方式是错误的

4. order作动词或名词指“命令”时，后面可跟that从句，从句中用虚拟现在式。

   He orders that the work (should) be started at once.

5. order作动词，后可跟宾语和不定式，不可直接跟不定式。

   He ordered them to start the work at once.

6. order作名词指“订单”时，后面跟介词for。

   We have sent an order for a hundred copies of the book.
   我们下订单订了一百份这本书。

7. order作名词指“订单”时，可跟动词execute或fill（美语中常用）表示“按照订单交货”。

   Your order for a hundred copies of the book has been executed/filled already.

8. order后可跟双宾语.

   My mother has ordered me a new suit.

9. 作名词时，order后还可跟for和款项表示订单金额。例：money/postal/post-office order for ￥200；
10. in order to比单用to更加正式且语气重，口语中很少用in order to。正式程度从大到小：in order to，so as to，to。表目的还可以跟从句in order that；
11. in order在不同语境中有多重含义。

    Everything is in order.
    一切正常有序。

    The typewriter is in order.
    这台打字机工作正常。

    A fresh discussion of the question is now in order.
    现在正适合重新讨论这问题。

n. (名词)

1. order作“次序,顺序”“治安,秩序”“整齐,有条理”解时,是不可数名词。作“订购,订货”“命令,嘱咐”“汇票,汇单”解时,是可数名词。
2. order的复数形式orders可指一条命令,可接动词不定式或that从句作定语,也可接that从句,中心谓语动词要用虚拟式。
3. order在表示“勋章”时,要带定冠词the,order的第一个字母要大写,其后接of。
4. order作“…级”“种类”“方式”等解时是可数名词。
5. peace and order的意思是“和平和秩序”,指的是“治安情况”。在与no连用时表示“治安情况极差”。
6. in order可作“有条有理”“整齐”“情况正常”解,在句中作表语或补语。out of order的意思是“(机器)坏了”“(身体)有病了”“不妥当”“违反会议规程”等。
7. in order to的意思是“以…为目的”,在句中作状语,后接动词原形; 而in order that的意思是“以便”“以至于”,在句中引导状语从句。

v. (动词)

1. order用作动词时的基本意思是“命令”“建立秩序”,即命令某人去某地或做某事,引申可表示为“整理”“布置”,即消除不和谐与混乱,或接受严格的纪律、秩序。order还可表示“签订订单”“订购”“预订用餐”等。
2. order是及物动词,接名词、代词、虚拟的that从句作宾语,也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化为介词for的宾语,还可接形容词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、动词不定式、that从句作补足语的复合宾语。
3. order所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式,美式英语中should可省略。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

order, class, rank

• 这组词都可表示“集团”或“派别”的划分,“身份地位”或“等级”的“差别”。其区别在于:
• 1.rank一般指一个可以确定的“等级”,尤指“头衔”等; order指在社会中的某个阶层或某个结合紧密的社会性或职业性团体,尤指基督教某个等级的教士或团体; class主要指社会中持有同一个目的的一个社会阶层。例如:
• Even middle-class consumers in the U.S. are beginning to kick at the runaway prices.连美国中产阶级的消费者也开始对飞涨的物价表示不满。
• He gained the rank of Colonel.他获得了上校军衔。
• He is a member of the Order of the Garter.他是获得嘉德勋位的爵士社团中的一员。
• 2.class还可指按经济地位、职能或按人们所具有的某些共同特征所做的划分。例如:
• This ticket doesn't entitle you to travel first class.凭这张车票,你不能坐头等车旅行。

in order to, so as to

• 两者都可表示“为了”。但in order to可置于句首,而so as to不可置于句首。试比较：
• In order to see me, she delayed a few hours.
• 她为了能见到我,拖延了几个小时。
• He learns so as to become wise.
• 他学习知识是为了变得聪明。

in order that, so that

• 这两个短语都可引导目的状语,且都是正式语体,但in order that比so that更正式。另外, in order that不与can, could连用,而so that则可以。还有, so that可引导结果状语从句,而 in order that则不可以。

v. (动词)

order sth from, order sth of

• 两者都有“向…订购”的意思。它们的区别是：from后接人,店名、地名等均可; 而of后只可接人。试比较：
• I ordered it from〔of〕 a trader in Nanjing.
• 这是我从南京一商人手中订购的。
• They ordered a large quantity of fertilizer from that company.
• 他们从那家公司订购了大量的化肥。

order, ask, beg, demand, request, require

• 这组词的共同含义是“请求”。其区别是：
• 1.从语气上看, beg最弱,有“恳求”的意味,如ask后仍达不到愿望,就要进一步beg了。例如：
• He begged me to excuse him.他乞求我原谅他。
• request表示较客气,是有礼貌、谦虚地“请求”。例如：
• Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.请观众不要抚摸展品。
• ask的“请求”有时委婉,有时强烈。例如：
• The boy asked timidly if he might see the book.那男孩怯生生地问能否看一下这本书。
• He asked curtly for a cup of water.他粗声粗气地要一杯水喝。
• require语气较request强烈,但较demand缓和。例如：
• This plan requires secrecy.这计划要求保密。
• demand已是不折不扣的要求。例如：
• The guard demanded his business.警卫查问他来干什么。
• 而order则比demand更强烈,丝毫不让步。例如：
• If you make any more noise,I shall order you out of the classroom.你如果再叫,我就命令你从教室里出去。
• 2.从目的上看,这组词都表示要求对方满足自己的某种愿望, ask希望对方能给予肯定的答复,而request则对能否得到肯定的答复把握不大。例如：
• The meeting will take place at 8 o'clock. Your presence is requested.会议将于8时召开,敬请光临。
• 3.从根据上说, demand一般指客观上必要,缺此不可,多来自权威方面。例如：
• The work demands care and patience.这工作需要细心和耐心。
• require则指基于事物内在原因提出的要求。例如：
• His health requires that he go to bed earlier.他的健康状况要求他早睡。
• 4.从感情色彩上看, beg含有浓厚的感情色彩,表示“一再要求”。例如：
• The boy begged his mother not to punish him.那孩子要求他妈妈不要惩罚他。
• demand含有“愤怒”“焦急”等义。例如：
• The father demanded knowledge of what had occurred during his absence from home.父亲要求说明他不在家时究竟发生了什么事。
• require则强调铁面无私。例如：
• This requires great attention in our work.这一点我们在工作中要特别注意。
• 5.从使用场合看, ask使用范围最广; order则多限于军队中或医生对病人。例如：
• The officer ordered that the men should fire the guns.长官命令士兵开火。

order, bid, command, tell

• 这组词都有命令的意思。其区别是：
• 1.order和bid是及物动词,而command和tell既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
• 2.order和command一般指上级命令下级; command是权力用语,更强调下命令的人有权威,特别指军官命令士兵; 而order却可以指某个人对他人下命令,如医生嘱咐病人; tell则多用于日常情况,“吩咐”的意味往往大于“命令”。
• 3.bid态度并不十分强制; command却有“强迫”“命令”“必须服从”的意味; order语气比command弱,不那么正式; tell的语气则更弱。
• 4.跟动词不定式的复合结构时, bid多不带to,而command和order则须保留to。
• 5.order还可表示“次序”或“订货”的意思,而command和bid则没有此意。

order, arrange, marshal, methodize, organize

• 这组词都有“整理”“安排”的意思。它们的区别是：
• 1.order指把事物安排得井井有条,和谐一致,或者按照固有的或严格的规则进行“安排”。
• 2.arrange指按照恰当的秩序、关系、计划、需要或可能等进行“安排”或“调整”。例如:
• Before going away, he arranged his business affairs.在离开之前,他把业务都安排好了。
• The point is how to arrange our daily life well.问题在于如何把我们的日常生活安排好。
• 3.marshal指为了便于安排或提高效率而进行的“调整”“整理”。例如:
• Next day he found they had been marshaled to go by air to Beijing.第二天,他发现大家已经安排好,打算乘飞机到北京去。
• 4.methodize指通过规定次序、方式等使工作条理化。例如:
• We want you to methodize the everyday work of the factory.我们要你使厂里的日常工作条理化。
• 5.organize指把分散的有关人员或事物编成一个整体,使每一个体在这个整体中都能各尽其职或各行其是。例如:
• Older students were having difficulty in studying and organizing themselves.年龄大的学生们学习有困难,也难以组织起来。
• The explorer organized an expedition to the North Pole.这位探险家组织了一次北极探险活动。

command，order，direction，instruction

• 这些名词均含“命令”之意。
• command较正式用词，强调权威性、全局性和强制性。
• order普通用词，侧重指具体的命令。
• direction正式用词，指口头或书面的指示或命令。内容不一定详尽，语气较缓和，不太强调强制性。也可指指导性的说明。
• instruction书面用词，指不容违反、不容推翻的命令。也多指包含具体说明的指示。

order，bid，command

• 这些动词均含有“命令”之意。
• order普通用词，多指上级对下级，主人对仆人以及教师对学生等发出的命令，也指态度专横地命令他人。
• bid与order同义，但较正式，文学意味强，多指口头直接下的命令。
• command话意强，指正式下令，强调下令者的权威性，要求必须服从。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 一切都安排得有条有理。

   误 Everything has been arranged in a good order.

   正 Everything has been arranged in good order.

   析 order作“条理,秩序”解时是不可数名词。在in bad〔good,perfect,proper,regular〕,out of order等短语中order前不加a。

2. 作为士兵,他得服从一切命令。

   误 As a soldier, he has to obey all the order.

   正 As a soldier, he has to obey all the orders.

   析 order作“命令”解时,是可数名词,常用于复数形式。

3. 名字按字母顺序排列。

   误 The names were arranged to alphebatical order.

   正 The names were arranged in alphebatical order.

   析 表达“按…顺序排列”, order前用介词in 。

4. 命令是我们呆在这里。

   误 The orders were that we stayed here.

   正 The orders were that we (should) stay here.

   析 当order作“命令”解时,其后的表语或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”。

5. 他们向那个工厂订购了100台电视机。

   误 They placed an order of one hundred TV sets for the factory.

   正 They placed an order for one hundred TV sets with the factory.

   析 表达“向…订购…”,常用place an order for sth with sb 结构。

6. 他走进花园想看看花。

   误 He went into the garden in order to he might look at the flowers.

   正 He went into the garden in order that he might look at the flowers.

   析 in order to和in order that都可以引导目的状语,但in order to后接动词原形, in order that后接从句。

7. 他说得很响,以便人人都能听清他的话。

   误 He spoke loudly in order to hear him clearly.

   正 He spoke loudly in order that every one could hear him clearly.

   正 He spoke loudly in order to be heard clearly.

   析 在in order to 引导的目的状语中,动词不定式的逻辑主语必须与该句的主语一致,而in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语则不受此限制。

8. 他奉命下周前往芬兰。

   误 He is under orders leaving for Finland next week.

   正 He is under orders to leave for Finland next week.

   析 order可接动词不定式作定语,但不可接动名词。

v. (动词)

1. 我命令门必须锁上。

   误 I ordered that the gate must be locked.

   正 I ordered that the gate (should) be locked.

   析 当order作“命令”“嘱咐”解时,后面that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用“(should+)动词原形”。

2. 医生要求他卧床休息。

   误 The doctor ordered to stay in bed.

   正 The doctor ordered him to stay in bed.

3. 指挥员命令战士们向敌人开火。

   误 The commander ordered to open fire on the enemy.

   正 The commander ordered his men to open fire on the enemy.

   析 在表达“命令某人做某事”时要用order sb to- v 结构,其中sb 不可省。

4. 我向书店订购了一些书。

   误 I have ordered some books in the bookstore.

   正 I have ordered some books from the bookstore.

   析 表达“向…订购…”,常用“order sth from”结构。

5. 汤姆的父亲给他定做了一件新外衣。

   误 Tom's father has ordered a new coat to him.

   正 Tom's father has ordered him a new coat.

   正 Tom's father has ordered a new coat for him.

   析 order可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化为介词for的宾语,但不可转化为to的宾语。

词源解说

• ☆ 13世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的ordre；最初源自拉丁语的ordinem，意为序列。

近反义词

【近义词】

• calm
• command
• control
• law
• line
• peace
• plan
• rule
• adjure
• adjust
• align
• arrange
• book
• charge
• class
• control
• manage

【反义词】

• disorder
• disorder