fail

英 [feɪl] 美 [feɪl]

• vi. 失败；没做成某事；表现欠佳；用完；衰退
• vt. 辜负；放弃；缺少；不及格
• n. 不及格；没做成

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 失败

   be unsuccessful; be unable

2. vt. & vi. 忘记,忽视,未能

   forget; neglect; omit; not remember

3. vt. & vi. 不足,短缺,缺乏

   be not enough; come to an end while still needed; be wanting in; lack

4. vi. 衰退,衰弱

   (health, physical strength, sight, etc.) decline; weaken

5. vi. 破产

   go bankrupt

6. vt. 辜负

   let down; make lose hope

n. (名词)

1. [S]考试不及格

   failure in an examination

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. （考试）不及格，不及格的分数
2. 失败
3. 失误
4. 不及格者
5. 【商】失期
6. 务必，一定，总是，必定
7. 迟误
8. 不按时交割（证券经纪人不能于成交后的预定期限内交割证券）

v. 动词

1. 衰退，变弱，衰弱，减弱，消失
2. 破产，失去支付能力
3. 缺乏，不足，短缺，欠缺
4. 忘记
5. 不及格，把（考生）评为不及格，给（学生）不及格等级
6. 错误
7. 失灵，停止作用，失去作用
8. 不中目标
9. 无助于，无用
10. 丢弃，舍弃，遗弃
11. 不履行
12. 玩忽，疏忽
13. 不录取（考生）
14. 歉收
15. 失败，在…中失败，未能成功，未能做到，不能成为
16. 不（做），不能
17. 没有通过
18. 使失望，有负于，使落空，辜负（期望）
19. 忽视，无视
20. 未能…，未做…
21. 漏做（某事），忽略

英英释义

Verb:

1. fail to do something; leave something undone;

   "She failed to notice that her child was no longer in his crib"
   "The secretary failed to call the customer and the company lost the account"
   

2. be unsuccessful;

   "Where do today's public schools fail?"
   "The attempt to rescue the hostages failed miserably"
   

3. disappoint, prove undependable to; abandon, forsake;

   "His sense of smell failed him this time"
   "His strength finally failed him"
   "His children failed him in the crisis"
   

4. stop operating or functioning;

   "The engine finally went"
   "The car died on the road"
   "The bus we travelled in broke down on the way to town"
   "The coffee maker broke"
   "The engine failed on the way to town"
   "her eyesight went after the accident"
   

5. be unable;

   "I fail to understand your motives"
   

6. judge unacceptable;

   "The teacher failed six students"
   

7. fail to get a passing grade;

   "She studied hard but failed nevertheless"
   "Did I fail the test?"
   

8. fall short in what is expected;

   "She failed in her obligations as a good daughter-in-law"
   "We must not fail his obligation to the victims of the Holocaust"
   

9. become bankrupt or insolvent; fail financially and close;

   "The toy company went bankrupt after the competition hired cheap Mexican labor"
   "A number of banks failed that year"
   

10. prove insufficient;

    "The water supply for the town failed after a long drought"
    

11. get worse;

    "Her health is declining"
    

例句

用作不及物动词 (vi.)

1. We must hang together,or our plan will fail.
   我们必须齐心协力,否则我们的计划就会失败。
2. He never fails to write to his mother every week.
   他从来没有忘记每周给母亲写信。
3. He studied hard only to fail in the exam.
   他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。
4. The water supply failed during the drought.
   在干旱期供水不足
5. As she is getting older, her sight is beginning to fail.
   随着年纪越来越大,她的视力开始下降。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Your performance failed your coach who thought that you could have done better.
   你的表现辜负了教练的期望,他认为你本可以做得更好一些。
2. He wanted to lift the heavy box, but his strength failed him.
   他是想举起那个沉重的箱子,不过力气不行。
3. Words fail me right at the sight of this beautiful scenery.
   面对着如此美景,我找不到词语来表达我的心情了。
4. You will fail French unless you work harder.
   你要是不再加把劲儿,法语考试就不及格了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. He got a fail in history and passes in other subjects.
   他历史考试不及格，其他科目都通过了。
2. He calls me every Sunday night without fail.
   他每个星期天的晚上必定会给我打电话。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. If you don't work hard, you may fail.
   不努力就可能失败。
2. The project has failed.
   这项研究工作失败了。
3. All our plans failed.
   我们所有的计划都失败了。
4. They led two revolutions and failed.
   他们领导过两次革命,都失败了。
5. He had done his best but failed.
   他竭尽全力但仍然还是失败了。
6. He tried to pull out the burning fuse, but failed.
   他想法把燃着的引信拔掉,但没有成功。
7. The plan failed miserably.
   这项计划失败得很惨。
8. The machine, however, failed on its trial run.
   但这部机器的试车失败了。
9. Their water supply had failed.
   他们的水供应不上了。
10. The oil supply failed.
    石油供给不足。
11. The flowers failed for lack of rain.
    这些花由于缺水而凋零了。
12. Her health rapidly failed.
    她的健康状况迅速恶化了。
13. His sight is beginning to fail.
    他的视力开始减退了。
14. He was very old and was failing rapidly.
    他年岁很大,身体很快衰弱下来。
15. The old man was failing and his sons decided to spare him the shock of the news.
    老人生命垂危,他的儿子们决定不再让他听到这个使他震惊的消息。
16. How rapidly he fails!
    他衰弱得多快啊!
17. The radio is failing.
    无线电声音小下来了。
18. Pretty soon father's business failed altogether and I had to leave school again.
    不久我父亲的买卖完全倒闭了,我只好再次辍学。
19. Several of the biggest banks failed during the depression.
    几家最大的银行在萧条时期倒闭了。
20. When the price of oil doubled many businesses failed.
    当石油价格成倍上涨时,许多企业都无法维持下去了。
21. The store failed with him.
    这家商店随着他的离去而倒闭了。
22. After his death, the family line failed.
    他死之后,这个家系就消亡了。
23. The patient's heart failed.
    病人的心脏停止了跳动。
24. The rocket's engine failed a few seconds after taking off.
    发射几秒钟后,火箭的发动机便失灵了。
25. The crop failed because of drought.
    由于干旱,庄稼歉收了。
26. The crop failed two years.
    这种作物连续两年歉收。
27. If the crops fails, there will be a serious food shortage.
    如果谷物收成不好,将会出现严重的灾荒。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He would have succeeded if his courage hadn't failed him.
   如果他当时没有失去勇气,他就成功了。
2. If you do such sloppy work again,I promise I'll fail you.
   要是下次作业你再马马虎虎,我话说在头里,可要给你打不及格了。
3. Diligent students occasionally fail this subject.
   用功的学生在这门功课上偶尔也不及格。
4. If they fail that test, they are likely to have plenty of time to figure out where their game went wrong.
   如果他们在测验中失败了,他们会有足够的时间来找出失败的原因。
5. He failed his driving-test.
   他驾驶测验不合格。
6. We trusted him, and he did not fail us.
   我们信赖他,他也没有辜负我们的信赖。
7. We are counting on your return next year, we know you won't fail us.
   我们期待你明年回来,我们知道你不会使我们失望的。
8. His friends failed him when he most need-ed them.
   他的朋友在他最需要他们的时刻使他失望了。
9. She was my responsibility, and I failed her; and so it has come to this.
   她应由我管,我没尽到责任,所以落到这个地步。
10. His memory failed him.
    他记不起事了。
11. She was so upset that words failed her.
    她心烦意乱得说不出话来。
12. Several times he almost brought himself to the point of speaking to them, but his courage failed him.
    好几次他几乎就要和他们去说了,但又没有勇气了。
13. His heart, however, failed him.
    但他的心脏支持不住了。
14. She reached for a chair and sat down suddenly, as if her legs had failed her.
    她伸手抓住一把椅子,突然坐了下来,好像她的腿支持不住似的。
15. Her tongue failed her when she tried to reply.
    她想回答,但舌头却不听使唤了。

S+～+to- v

1. I failed to see him. He was out.
   我没见到他,他出去了。
2. She failed to reach the semi-finals.
   她未能进入半决赛。
3. Can anyone fail to see what kind of show they are putting on?
   谁会看不出来他们玩的是什么把戏?
4. They have failed to modernize their factories.
   他们没能使他们的工厂现代化。
5. He dialed the number again, but failed to get a connection.
   他又拨了那个号,仍然没能接通。
6. The car failed to climb the hill.
   这辆小汽车没能爬上山去。
7. All efforts at whitewashing failed to deceive the workers.
   所有掩盖真相的努力都没有瞒过工人们。
8. Mr. Walt never failed to get up early.
   华尔特先生总是早早起床。
9. He never failed to write to his mother every week.
   他从未耽误过每周给他母亲写信。
10. He always fails to lock the door when he leaves.
    他离开时总是忘记锁门。
11. Don't fail to let me know when you return.
    回来时别忘了给我一个信儿。
12. Don't fail to ring me up.
    别忘了给我打电话。
13. Don't fail to remember what I have said.
    别忘了我刚才说的话。
14. She never fails to keep her words.
    她从不食言。
15. We receive letters from him every week, he never fails to write.
    我们每星期都收到他的来信,他从未忘记写信来。
16. He failed to pass the examination through carelessness.
    由于粗心,他考试没及格。

其他

v -ing as Attrib.

1. He has suffered from failing health for the last two years.
   近两年来,他的健康状况每况愈下。
2. In the failing light I could hardly see the road in front of me.
   光线越来越暗,我几乎看不清前面的路了。

v -ing as Adverb.

1. Failing that, we must think of another plan.
   这要是不行,我们就得另想办法。
2. Failing a heavy rainfall soon, the drought will become serious.
   要是最近不下一场大雨,旱情就会严重了。
3. Failing this, they will be responsible for all the consequences arising there from.
   要是做不到这一点,他们必须对由此产生的后果负责。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Some college courses are graded in terms of either a pass or a fail.
   有些大学课程按及格或不及格打分。
2. I had three passes and one fail.
   我考试三门及格,一门不及格。
3. “What were your results?” “A fail in history and passes in everything else.”
   “你考试成绩怎么样?”“历史不及格,别的各科都通过了。”

经典引文

• What dangers, by his Highness' fail of issue, May drop upon his kingdom.

  出自：Winter's Tale , Shakespeare

• He won't come this evening..But he'll come tomorrow Without fail.

  出自： S. Beckett

• Shaded over head with Trees, and with Matts when the boughs fail.

  出自： H. Maundrell

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

fail in (v.+prep.)

缺乏…,在…方面不足 lack sth
fail in sth/v-ing
He failed in business.

他经商失败。
He failed in his attempt to organize another club.

他另组一个俱乐部的企图失败了。
He failed in his first attempt.

他第一次尝试失败。
I should consider myself failing in my duty if I did not take immediate action.

我认为如果我不立即采取行动,就是失职。
He failed in his promise.

他未信守诺言。
How could you fail in such an easy test?

这么容易的考试你怎会不及格?
He failed in the examination.

他考试没及格。
They have failed in literature and art.

他们文学艺术不及格。
She failed in her mathematics.

她数学不及格。
I passed in math but failed in French.

我数学及格,但法语不及格。
Mr. Brown failed in getting a job.

布朗先生没有找到工作。
I failed in persuading him.

我没能说服他。
The chairman failed in trying to persuade the committee to share his opinion.

主席没能说服委员会与他持同样的看法。
He failed in passing the examination through carelessness.

由于粗心,他考试没有及格。 fail sb in sth
The teacher failed her in English.

老师评她英语不及格。
The teacher failed me in the written paper.

老师判我笔试不及格。
He failed us in our time of need.

在我们正需要帮助的时候,他使我们失望了。 fail in sth
She writes well, but fails in imagination.

她文笔很好,但写出的东西缺乏想象力。
His speech failed in persuasiveness and proof.

他的讲演缺乏说服力和论据。
He's a clever man, but fails in perseverance.

他是个聪明人,但毅力不够。

fail of (v.+prep.)

在…方面不能达到,缺乏 be unsuccessful in; lack
fail of sth
He failed of promotion.

他未能获得提升。
Your plan seems to have failed of its purpose.

你们的计划似乎没有达到预期的目的。
The policy is bound to fail of its object.

这个政策肯定达不到它的目的。
His experiment failed of success.

他的实验没有成功。
The Bill failed of passage in the last Congress.

这项议案在上届国会中未获通过。
The debater's argument failed of logical connection.

辩论者的论点缺少逻辑上的连贯性。

用作名词 (n.)

without fail

必定,一定 with complete certainty

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• fail a friend 使朋友感到失望,辜负朋友,抛弃朋友
• fail an exam 考试不及格

～+副词

• fail abjectly 惨败
• fail absolutely 绝对不足
• fail apparently 明显地不足
• fail completely 完全地失败
• fail considerably 极大地失败
• fail conspicuously 显然失败
• fail constantly 不断地失败
• fail deplorably 惨败
• fail despicably 可耻地失败
• fail directly 直接失败
• fail dismally 惨败
• fail doubtfully 难以预料地失败
• fail duly 正式破产
• fail entirely 完全破产
• fail essentially 彻底失败
• fail eventually 最终失败
• fail freely 随意地忘记
• fail fully 完全忘记
• fail gravely 严重地失败
• fail grievously 严重地失败
• fail habitually 常败
• fail hypocritically 假装失败
• fail ignominiously 屈辱地失败
• fail indefensibly 不可避免地失败
• fail indirectly 间接不足
• fail inexplicably 莫明其妙地失败
• fail lamentably 可悲地失败
• fail materially 实质性地失败
• fail mentally 智力上不足
• fail miserably 惨败
• fail needlessly 不必要地失败
• fail occasionally 偶尔地失败
• fail partially 部分地失败
• fail quietly 悄悄地失败
• fail rapidly 迅速恶化
• fail ridiculously 可笑地失败
• fail sadly 惨败
• fail seriously 严重地不足
• fail signally 大败
• fail steadily 不断失败
• fail tentatively 暂时不足
• fail ultimately 最终失败
• fail undoubtedly 必将失败
• fail unwittingly 无意中失败
• fail utterly 完全失败
• fail vitally 极大地不足

～+介词

• fail for want of help 因得不到帮助而失败
• fail in 在…方面失败,缺乏
• fail in business 做生意不成功
• fail in duty 失职
• fail in everything 一切都失败了
• fail in examination 考试不及格
• fail in health 健康衰退
• fail in persuading sb 没能说服某人
• fail of 没有,未能
• fail of purpose 没有达到目的
• fail of success 没有成功
• fail of the object 没达到目的
• fail on 评定(学生)…不及格
• fail through carelessness 因疏忽而失败

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. fail的基本意思是“失败”,指在从事某项工作时未能达到预定的目的,常常强调做了,但是没有成功; 还可指由于某事未能在头脑里形成深刻的印象或其他原因而将某事“忘记”。fail引申可指“不足,短缺,缺乏”“衰退,衰弱”“破产”“辜负”等。
2. fail可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
3. fail在作“不能,不会,不成功”解时,其后只能搭用不定式短语或介词in。
4. fail在作“亏损”“销蚀”解时可用于进行体,此时多指人的体质。
5. fail是表示状态的及物动词,不能用于被动结构。

n. (名词)

1. fail用作名词时的意思是“考试不及格”,指在考试中失利,从而没能通过考试。常以单数形式出现。
2. fail常用于without fail句型,表示“一定,必定,肯定”。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

fail, miss

• 这两个词都可以作“不成”解。其区别在于:miss通常要搭用动名词短语; 而fail通常要搭用动词不定式。例如:
• The squirrel was lucky that it missed being caught.那个松鼠很幸运,恰好没有被抓住。
• I have failed to catch the train.我没有搭上那班火车。

下面三句意思相同:

• John failed to pass the examination.
• John failed in the examination.
• John failed the examination.
• 约翰考试没有及格。

下面两句意思不同:

• Mr. Hansen failed to come this morning.
• 汉森先生今天早晨没有来成。
• (原因也许是客观的)
• Mr. Hansen didn't come this morning.
• 汉森先生今天早晨没有来。
• (原因多半是主观的)

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他未听从我们的劝告。

   误 He failed following our advice.

   正 He failed to follow our advice.

   析 fail后面不接动名词,可接动词不定式,表示“未能干某事”。

2. 虽然他一句话也不说,可是他心底里感到自己失败了。

   误 Though he didn't say a word, at heart he felt he was failed.

   正 Though he didn't say a word, at heart he felt he had failed.

   析 fail在此处用作不及物动词,不能用被动结构。

3. 我所尝试的一切都失败了。

   误 I've failed to everything I've tried.

   误 I've failed from everything I've tried.

   正 I've failed (in) everything I've tried.

   析 fail表示“在…方面失败”时可以用作及物动词,其后不用任何介词; 也可用作不及物动词,其后一般接介词in,不接to或from。

n. (名词)

1. 我一定把那本书带给你。

   误 I shall bring you that book without failure.

   误 I shall bring you that book without a fail.

   正 I shall bring you that book without fail.

   析 without fail是固定搭配,意为“一定,肯定”, fail前无冠词。

词源解说

• ☆ 1200年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的falir，意为失败，不足；最初源自拉丁语的fallere，意为欺骗，失望。

近反义词

【近义词】

• fall down
• fall through
• flop
• flunk
• default
• neglect

【反义词】

• succeed