claim

英 [kleɪm] 美 [kleɪm]

• n. 要求；要求权；主张；断言；声称；要求物
• vt. 要求；请求；主张；声称；断言

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 声称,断言

   assert; say that sth is a fact

2. vt. & vi. 对…提出要求,索取

   ask for or demand as the rightful owner or as one's right

3. vt. (灾难等)使失踪〔死亡〕

   (of a disaster, an accident, etc.) cause the loss or death of sb

4. vt. 需要,值得

   call for; deserve; need; require

n. (名词)

1. [C]要求

   demand; request

2. [C]主张,断言

   statement of sth as a fact; assertion

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 要求
2. 权利
3. 要求权
4. 要求物
5. 断言
6. 主张
7. 所有权
8. 索赔
9. 声称
10. 申请产权的土地
11. 认领
12. 请求
13. 索取
14. 资格
15. 自称
16. 申请购买地
17. 索偿
18. 索赔案
19. 声明

v. 动词

1. 索取
2. 认领
3. 要求
4. 主张
5. 提出要求
6. 要求（应得权利）
7. 要求赔偿损失
8. 要求承认
9. 理应获得
10. 要求获得
11. 声称
12. 需要
13. 值得
14. 自称
15. 夺去
16. 宣称
17. 要求（拥有）
18. 索要
19. 断言
20. 使失踪或死亡
21. 引起注意
22. 获得
23. 赢得
24. 夺走
25. 对…提出要求
26. 占有土地

英英释义

Noun:

1. an assertion of a right (as to money or property);

   "his claim asked for damages"
   

2. an assertion that something is true or factual;

   "his claim that he was innocent"
   "evidence contradicted the government's claims"
   

3. demand for something as rightful or due;

   "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day"
   

4. an informal right to something;

   "his claim on her attentions"
   "his title to fame"
   

5. an established or recognized right;

   "a strong legal claim to the property"
   "he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate"
   "he staked his claim"
   

6. a demand especially in the phrase

   "the call of duty"
   

Verb:

1. assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing;

   "He claimed that he killed the burglar"
   

2. demand as being one's due or property; assert one's right or title to;

   "He claimed his suitcases at the airline counter"
   "Mr. Smith claims special tax exemptions because he is a foreign resident"
   

3. ask for legally or make a legal claim to, as of debts, for example;

   "They claimed on the maximum allowable amount"
   

4. lay claim to; as of an idea;

   "She took credit for the whole idea"
   

5. take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs;

   "the accident claimed three lives"
   "The hard work took its toll on her"
   

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. I claim payment from my friend.
   我要求我的朋友付款。
2. Has anyone claimed the bike?
   有人来认领这辆自行车吗?
3. The flood claimed hundreds of lives.
   水灾夺走了数百人的生命。
4. There are several matters that claim my attention.
   有几件事值得我注意。
5. The care of the baby claims half my time.
   照顾婴儿需要我一半的时间。

S+～+to- v

1. They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.
   他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。

S+～+that-clause

1. He claimed that he found the money in the forest.
   他声称他是在森林中发现这些钱的。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +to be/as n./adj.

1. He claimed himself to be engineer.
   他声称自己是工程师。
2. They claimed the child as their own.
   他们声称这孩子是他们自己的。
1
3. It is claimed to be true.
   人们说这是真实的。

用作名词 (n.)

1. She has no claim on my sympathies.
   她无权要求得到我的同情。
2. He made a claim for damages.
   他提出赔偿损害的要求。
3. Mary made a claim to the book.
   玛丽提出认领此书。
4. His claim to own the house is valid.
   他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
5. He made no claims to sound scholarship.
   他并不自以为有什么大学问。

经典引文

• The telephone company sent us circulars in which they made large claims.

  出自： C. Day

• By arbitrary arrest and imprisonment he enforced his claim to tax without Parliamentary consent.

  出自： C. Hill

• The Department of Justice instituted a claim for libel against the newspaper.

  出自： A. Brink

• He claimed that his word should be law.

  出自： C. Merivale

• Every townsman could claim to be tried by his fellow-townsman.

  出自： J. R. Green

• The television screen was beginning to claim their full attention.

  出自： B. Pym

• The cholera had claimed four more lives.

  出自： M. M. Kaye

• You should claim a refund of the repair cost from the shop.

  出自：Which?

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

claim against (v.+prep.)

(根据…)有权利要求得到 (according to sth) have right to get sth
claim against sb/sth
You should be able to claim against the car insurance.

你可以要求得到汽车保险金。 claim sth against sth
You should claim the cost against the house insurance.

你可以根据房屋合同要求得到赔偿。

claim back (v.+adv.)

要求付还 ask for paying back
claim sth ⇔ back
Buy the special supplies for the company, and claim back their cost.

先垫钱替公司买这些特殊用品,然后再把钱支出来。

claim for (v.+prep.)

声称〔宣布〕…属于 declare sth belonging to sb
claim for sth
Can I claim for yesterday's journey?

能支付给我昨天的差旅费吗? claim sth for sth
You can only claim 100 dollars a day for your travel.

差旅费只能一天付给你100美元。 claim sth for sth
The discoverer claimed the island for the nation.

那个发现者宣布该岛属于他的国家。
Magical properties are sometimes claimed for certain medicines.

某些药物被认为有时具有神奇的效应。

用作名词 (n.)

lay claim to

自称有知识〔技能〕等 state that one has knowledge, understanding, a skill, etc.

put in a claim for

提出有权得到(某物) lay claim to sth

set up a claim to

提出…的要求 ask for sth

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• claim one's right 要求得到权利
• claim payment 要求付钱
• claim sb's attention 要求某人注意
• claim sb's the estate 要求财产

～+副词

• claim fairly 正当地要求
• claim repeatedly 再三要求
• claim back 要求收回

～+介词

• claim by right of descent 凭世袭权要求
• claim for damage 要求赔偿损失
• claim on the insurance 要求保险金

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• accept a claim 接受要求
• drop〔waive〕 one's claim 放弃要求
• hand in a claim 送交一项要求
• reject sb's claim 拒绝某人的要求
• relinquish〔withdraw〕 a claim 撤回要求
• resist a claim 反对一项要求
• satisfy one's claim 满足要求
• settle a claim 解决一项要求

形容词+～

• excessive claim 过分的要求
• fair claim 公正的要求
• legal claim 合法要求
• outstanding claim 未解决的要求
• the first claim 首先要求
• unsupported claim 没有根据的要求

名词+～

• compensation claim 赔偿要求
• war-damage claim 战争赔偿要求

～+介词

• claim against a company for 要求公司…
• claim for compensation〔repayment〕 赔偿要求
• claim for damages 赔偿损失的要求
• claim of justice 正义的要求
• claim to the property 对财产的要求

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. claim用作动词时的基本意思是“声称,断言”,可接动词不定式、that从句作宾语,也可接由“to be/as n./adj. ”充当补足语的复合宾语。
2. claim作“对…提出要求,索取”解时,多是指根据权利要求对方承认身份、所有权等,其语气表现出不卑不亢的特点。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

claim, affirm, allege, assert, declare

• 这组词都有“以某种肯定口气提出…”的意思,它们之间的区别是:
• 1.allege表示“声称,伪称”,常有借口的意思。例如:
• He alleged illness for a reason for not going to work.他称病,以此作为不去工作的理由。
• 2.affirm表示“肯定,断言”,指坚信不疑因而断言。例如:
• It may be safely affirmed that he is innocent.可以断言,他是无罪的。
• 3.assert表示“主张,断言”,指宣称某事如此,并不说它是事实,着重主观自信心。例如:
• He asserts the cause of liberty.他主张自由主义。
• 4.claim表示“宣称”,语气比assert弱些。例如:
• He claimed to be the rightful heir.他声称自己是合法继承人。
• 5.declare意味着因否认某事而郑重地宣称。例如:
• He declared that he had not done it.他声称他没干这事。

claim, demand, exact, require

• 这四个词都可表示“要求”。其区别是：
• demand主要指理直气壮地强烈要求,常常侧重不容拒绝。例如:
• The opposition have demanded that all the facts be made public.反对派要求把所有的事实都公之于世。
• claim指认为有权或宣传有权得到某种东西因而公开提出要求。例如:
• Did you claim on the insurance company after your car accident?你出车祸后有没有向保险公司提出赔偿?
• require指根据内部需要,或法规义务,或紧急形势等提出要求。例如:
• The urgency of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision.局势紧急,需要我们立即作出决定。
• exact不仅强调提出要求,而且侧重得到所要求的东西。

ask，beg，demand，require，request，implore，claim，pray，entreat

• 这些动词均有“要求，请求”之意。
• ask最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。
• beg指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。
• demand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。
• require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
• request正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。
• implore书面用词，着重指迫切、焦急或痛苦地恳求或哀求，常含较强的感情色彩。
• claim指有权或宣称有权得到而公开提出的要求。
• pray语气庄重，指热情、诚恳和敬祈的要求，现不很常用。
• entreat泛指一般“恳求或哀求”，含企图说服对方或用热烈的请求软化反对意见的意味。

assert，affirm，allege，maintain，testify，claim

• 这些动词均含有“断言，声称”之意。
• assert主观意味强，指自认为某事就是如此，而不管事实如何。
• affirm侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度。
• allege多指无真凭实据，不提供证据的断言或宣称。
• maintain与assert近义，但前者指坚决维护某种主张或观点。
• testify多指在法庭作证，庄严地宣称自己所说属实。
• claim可与assert换用，但语气弱一些，侧重指行使自己的权利提出要求令他人承认。

词源解说

• ☆ 1300年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的clamer，意为称呼，声称；最初源自拉丁语的clamare，意为叫喊。

近反义词

【近义词】

• affirm
• ask
• request
• affirmation
• right

【反义词】

• disclaim 放弃
• forfeit 没收物
• surrender 投降