bitter

英 ['bɪtə(r)] 美 ['bɪtər]

• adj. 苦的；痛苦的；辛酸的；激烈的
• adv. 激烈地；极其
• vt. 使变苦
• n. 苦涩；苦酒；苦的东西

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 苦的,有苦味的

   having a sharp taste like aspirin or unsweetened coffee; not sweet

2. 难以接受的,引起悲伤的,不受欢迎的

   difficult to accept causing sorrow; unwelcome

3. 怨恨的,失望的

   caused by, feeling or showing envy, hated or disappointment

4. [A]严寒的,刺骨的

   piercingly cold

n. (名词)

1. [U]苦啤酒

   bitter beer strongly flavoured with hops

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 痛苦的，悲惨的
2. 尖刻的，辛辣的
3. 抱怨的，极为不满的
4. 有苦味的，苦的
5. 充满仇恨的，怀恨的
6. 激烈的
7. 难堪的
8. 极冷的，严寒刺骨的
9. 辛酸的，辛苦的
10. 厉害的

adv. 副词

1. 激烈地
2. 严寒刺骨地
3. 苦苦地，痛苦地
4. 非常，剧烈地，极其
5. 厉害地

n. 名词

1. 苦味，苦，苦涩
2. 辛酸
3. <英>苦啤酒，苦酒
4. 苦味物，苦的东西
5. 苦味药
6. 苦味大补酒
7. 配料
8. 绕缆一圈
9. 卤水
10. 苦咸水
11. 苦酒原汁（从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道）

v. 动词

1. 把...弄苦
2. （使）变苦

英英释义

Noun:

1. English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)

2. the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth

3. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste

Adjective:

1. marked by strong resentment or cynicism;

   "an acrimonious dispute"
   "bitter about the divorce"
   

2. very difficult to accept or bear;

   "the bitter truth"
   "a bitter sorrow"
   

3. harsh or corrosive in tone;

   "an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose"
   "a barrage of acid comments"
   "her acrid remarks make her many enemies"
   "bitter words"
   "blistering criticism"
   "caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics"
   "a sulfurous denunciation"
   "a vitriolic critique"
   

4. expressive of severe grief or regret;

   "shed bitter tears"
   

5. proceeding from or exhibiting great hostility or animosity;

   "a bitter struggle"
   "bitter enemies"
   

6. causing a sharp and acrid taste experience;

   "quinine is bitter"
   

7. causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation; used especially of cold;

   "bitter cold"
   "a biting wind"
   

Adverb:

1. extremely and sharply;

   "it was bitterly cold"
   "bitter cold"
   

Verb:

1. make bitter

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The medicine has a bitter taste.
   这药有苦味。
2. The defeat was a bitter pill to swallow.
   那次失败是一次难以吞咽的苦果。
3. She wept bitter tears over the loss of her lover.
   她为失去了她的情人而流下痛苦的眼泪。
4. Her voice took on a sudden bitter note.
   她的声音带着一股出意料的辛酸语气。
5. His story brought back our bitter past .
   他的事使我们想起辛酸的往事。
6. The bitter quarrel ended their friendship.
   那场激烈的争吵结束了他的友谊。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. He is bitter in his condemnation of terrorism.
   他言辞激烈地谴责恐怖主义。
2. It has stopped snowing, but there's a bitter cold wind.
   已经停止下雪啦,不过,还刮着刺骨的寒风。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Green tea, unlike black tea, has not been oxidized and can easily turn bitter if not made properly.
   绿茶与红茶不同，没有经过发酵氧化，如果处理不当很容易发涩变苦。
2. The star is called Wormwood, and a third of the waters was turned into wormwood and many people died because of the water which had turned bitter.
   于是水的三分之一变成苦的，许多人因水变苦了而死去。

用作名词 (n.)

1. He has tasted the sweets and bitters of life.
   他已尝遍了人生的甜酸苦辣。
2. A pint of bitter, please.
   请来一品脱苦啤酒。
3. I like the coffee to taste a little bitter.
   我喜欢喝起来有点苦的咖啡。
4. In the past, however, most medicines were very bitter tasting.
   然而，在过去，大部分的药都是非常苦的。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. Quinine has a bitter taste.
   奎宁有苦味。
2. It tasted of bitter almonds.
   这有苦杏仁的味道。
3. Bitter complaints could be heard here and there.
   到处怨声载道。
4. He did the hard work without any bitter words.
   他毫无怨言地做这项艰苦的工作。
5. None failed to shed bitter tears when they read the letter.
   读信的人无不洒下辛酸的眼泪。
6. The bitter lesson had a lasting effect on him.
   这痛苦的教训对他产生了持久的影响。
7. She learned a lot from bitter experience.
   她从惨痛的经验中懂得了许多。
8. Defeat in the election was a bitter pill for him to swallow.
   在选举中失败是他难以下咽的苦果。
9. The young couple split up after a bitter quarrel.
   那一对年轻夫妇大吵一场就离婚了。
10. I had never known such bitter cold.
    我从来不知道有这样刺骨的寒冷。
11. The bitter winter was coming.
    寒冬到了。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. Beer tastes bitter.
   啤酒品尝起来有些苦。
2. Good medicines taste bitter.
   良药苦口。
3. He is still bitter that he was once cold-shouldered.
   曾经受过冷遇,对此他至今怀恨在心。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. She is bitter about her divorce.
   她对离婚感到很伤感。
2. The manufacturers felt bitter about the increase in tax.
   厂商们对提高税收感到很愤怒。
3. I'm still bitter about that.
   对此我仍耿耿于怀。
4. He is bitter about not obtaining the visa from the embassy.
   拿不到大使馆的签证,他深感痛苦。
5. He was bitter about not being admitted to the bar.
   他对未获得律师资格耿耿于怀。
6. He was bitter against his wife.
   他对妻子心怀不满。
7. They are all bitter against the new plans.
   他们都强烈反对新计划。
8. He's bitter at his wife for refusing to give him a divorce.
   他恨他妻子不同意和他离婚。
9. He is bitter in his condemnation of terrorism.
   他言辞激烈地谴责恐怖主义。
10. They grew very bitter over the project.
    他们对这项计划十分不满。
11. It is bitter to the mouth.
    它有苦味。

用作名词 (n.)

1. I prefer coffee to bitter.
   我喜欢咖啡,不喜欢苦啤酒。
2. A pint of bitter, please.
   请来一品脱苦啤酒。
3. I would like a (cup of) bitter.
   我想来一杯苦啤酒。
4. He drinks a cup of bitter every day.
   他每天都喝一杯苦啤酒。

经典引文

• All words..Failing to give the bitter of the sweet.

  出自： Tennyson

• Woman is a Mixture of Sweets and Bitters.

  出自： E. Jong

• All men are agreed to call vinegar sour, honey sweet, and aloes bitter.

  出自： Burke

• Without sugar or cream it was bitter as gall.

  出自： M. Mitchell

• Bitter and very toxic leaves which even goats will not sample.

  出自： Anthony Huxley

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• bitter almonds 苦杏仁
• bitter apple 药西瓜
• bitter argument 激烈的争论
• bitter chill 刺骨的寒气
• bitter cold 刺骨的寒冷
• bitter complaints 愤恨的控诉
• bitter disappointment 极度的失望
• bitter end 最后，终结，死亡
• bitter enemies 死敌
• bitter experience 惨痛的教训
• bitter fighting 鏖战
• bitter foes 死敌
• bitter hardships 难以忍受的艰辛
• bitter hatred 刻骨的仇恨
• bitter lesson 痛苦的教训
• bitter man 不好惹的人
• bitter pill 不得不吞下的苦果
• bitter quarrel 激烈的争吵
• bitter sorrow 极度的悲伤
• bitter taste 苦味；后悔和不安的强烈感觉
• bitter wine 带苦味的葡萄酒
• bitter winter 寒冬
• bitter wound 重伤

动词+～

• taste bitter 尝起来苦

～+介词

• bitter about 因…而痛苦
• bitter against 强烈反对

用作名词 (n.)

介词+～

• a cup of bitter 一杯苦啤酒
• a pint of bitter 一品脱苦啤酒

词语用法

adj. (形容词)

1. bitter是五味之一,主要指奎宁等药物的苦味,也指啤酒、橘皮等的苦味,即“苦味的”,这种不合意的味道渗透力强,持续时间长,难以躲避。bitter还可指“难以接受的,引起悲伤的”“怨恨的,失望的”“严寒的,刺骨的”。
2. bitter在句中可用作定语或表语。
3. more bitter和most bitter是比较常用的比较级和最高级形式，但也可用bitterest。

n. (名词)

1. bitter用作名词时意思是用蛇麻子调味的苦啤酒。多用于英式英语中。
2. bitter是不可数名词,无复数形式。
3. “一杯苦啤酒”可说a cup〔glass〕 of bitter，也可说a bitter。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的biter，意为苦的，锋利的，生气的，残忍的，愤怒的；最初源自原始日耳曼语的bitras-，意为苦的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• acid
• cruel
• fierce
• harsh
• hostile
• painful
• resentful
• sharp
• sour

【反义词】

• bland
• delicious
• genial
• mellow
• pleasant
• sweet