The operative diseases include sponlanevus pneumothorax, pulmonary bulla, trauma hemothorax, empyema, pernicious hydrothorax, mediastina tumor, esophageal diseases and lung diseases, etc.

• 手术疾病包括自发性气胸、肺大疱、外伤性血胸、脓胸、恶性胸水、纵隔肿瘤、食管和肺疾病等。