Systemic features of COPD, particularly in patients with seere disease, include cachexia, skeletal muscle wasting, increased risk of cardioascular disease, anemia, osteoporosis, and depression.

• COPD尤其是重症COPD的全身表现包括恶病质，肌肉萎缩，心血管病（发生）的危险性增加，贫血，骨质疏松和情绪低落