People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon.But from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences.

• 多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观，这些价值观带有个人特色，他人很难理解，因为价值观是不断变化的、极为复杂的。