International Court of Justice in its decision in Barcelona Traction case, as well asthe Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and Draft Articles on State Responsibilityall address and provide on these two different levels of international obligations.

• 国际法院在“巴塞罗那牵引案”中所作的判决以及《维也纳条约法公约》和《国家责任条款》都对这两种不同层次的国际义务作了论述和规定。