Injuries that may acutely impair ventilation are tension pneumothorax, flail chest with pulmonary contusion, massive hemothorax, and open pneumothorax.

• 损伤可以对通气造成严重损伤，导致张力性气胸以及由肺挫伤、大量血胸和开放性气胸造成的连枷胸。