In this case, blood filled the pleural cavity (hemothorax), but atelectasis could also result from filling the chest with air (pneumothorax), transudate (hydrothorax), lymph (chylothorax), or purulent exudate (empyema).

• 但是肺不张也可由胸腔内充满气体（气胸）、漏出液（胸水）、淋巴(乳糜胸)，或者脓性渗出物（脓胸）引起。