In the late nineteenth century,facing the serious international situation,Bangkok Dynasty of Thailand carried out a series of reforms aiming to maintain national independence. One of the policies is to employ European advisors to assist the reform.

• 19世纪下半叶,面临严峻的国际形势,泰国曼谷王朝进行了以维护国家独立为目的的改革,在改革中,泰国采取了一项从欧洲聘任顾问协助其改革的政策。