French social scientist and a founder of sociology who is known for his study of social values and alienation. His important works include The Rules of Sociological Method(1895).

• 涂尔干，埃米尔1858－1917法国社会科学家，是社会学的创始人之一，以其对社会价值与异化的研究著称，他的重要著作包括社会方式的规则(1895年)