Absorption is reduced, possibly contributing to iron deficiency, osteoporosis (also related to calcium deficiency), and osteomalacia due to lack of vitamin D and absence of exposure to sunshine.

• 吸收功能减退，可能引起缺铁、骨质疏松症(也与钙不足有关)及缺乏维生素D缺乏和阳光照射所致的骨软化症。