Withdrawal signs, including teeth chattering (TC), wet dog shakes (WS), rearing, stretching, penis licking (PL), ptosis, pilo-erection (PE), diarrhea, and weight loss (WL) were recorded at day 1, 3 and 6 after the treatment.

• 在JD1、JD3、JD6测评大鼠20分钟内戒断体征，包括齿颤阵数(TC)、湿狗样抖动(WS)、直立(Rearing)、躯体拉伸(Stretching)、舔阴(PL)、上睑下垂(Ptosis)、竖毛(PE)、腹泻(Diarrhea)，计算其戒断体征总分，并记录24小时的体重丧失量。