Under the American constitution, in theory criminals are innocent until proven guilty, are entitled to a speedy trial, may refuse to answer self-incriminating questions, and are entitled to representation by a lawyer.

• 美国宪法规定，在理论上，犯人在证明有罪前是 无罪的，犯人有权尽快受到审判，可以拒绝回答使自 己获罪的问题，有权请律师。