This led the Court to hold that their counterparts exercising judicial functions in the federal bureaucracysuch as ALJs and staff attorneys acting in a prosecutorial capacity-should also enjoy absolute immunity, even in constitutional tort cases.

• 这一点引导最高法院作出裁定，相对于州官员的那些在联邦机构行使司法职能的官员--如行政法法官及其同行，以检查官身份起作用的法庭律师--也应享有绝对的免责，即使是在宪法侵权案里。