These are mainly the following: the application of English intonation, English part of speeches, English tenses and aspects, relative English sentential patterns or the change of sentence sequence and omission.

• 语气词是用于辅助表达语用功能的,在译成语调主导的英语时,其功能借助了其它手段来体现,如:利用英语的语调、语的其它词类、语的时态、语中相应的句式或语序的改变以及省译等。