Thermodynamic system, microscopic quantity and macroscopic quantity, statistical average value, pressure equation, temperature equation, concept of degree of freedom, theorem of equipartition of energy, internal energy of ideal gas.

• 热力学系统,微观量与宏观量,统计平均值;压强公式,温度公式;自由度的概念,能量均分定理和理想气体的内能。