There were no perforation of tympanic membrane in 4 cases, only slight findings such as attic retraction, ear wax covered or tiny perforation in the pars flaccide or the superior and posterior pars tens in 13 cases.

• 鼓膜看不到穿孔 4例 ,松弛部及紧张部后上方有轻微体征 13例 ,其中瘢痕及内陷囊袋各 3例 ,上皮痂、耵聍覆盖 5例 ,针尖样穿孔 2例。