There is a model: the animal, plant or substrate being imitated. There is a mimic: the organism that imitates the model. And there is a signal receiver or dupe: the animal that cannot effectively distinguish between the model and the mimic.

• 一是被模仿者，动物、植物或是生态基层，二是模仿者，即那些去模拟其他东西的生物，三是上当受骗者，即不能分辨模仿者与被模仿者的动物。