The tribes in the northwest, particularly those in the region of the Columbia River, were still at the upper stage of savagery and acquainted neither with pottery nor with any form of horticulture.

• 西北各部落，特别是住在哥伦比亚河流域的各部落，尚处于蒙昧时代高级阶段，他们既不知道陶器的制造，也不知道任何植物的种植。