The trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers - whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming - are nearly always made, not born.

• 他们的工作得出令人相当吃惊的断言;对我们通常称作天才的特性的估价过高,或者换句话说,无论在记忆力,外科学,芭蕾舞或计算机编程上,专业人员几乎都是培养而非天生的。